Show WIRELESS TElEGRAPH It may be said that a certain kind of electricity tends to travel IWO waves mado by dropping a stono In a pondIn directions di-rections But It travels farthest and with least resistance In those directions where It finds tho beat conductors for IL Somo substances are better conductors than I others Glass and rubber are noncon ductors Bocalled as you may see by look Ing at tho rubber covering of wlrc on tho streetcar system or tho glass Insulators on a telegraph pole Metals such aa Iron steel and copper arc firstclass conduc tors and that la why wire Is used for telegraph and telephone an1 electriclight purposes Water and the earth arc con ductors of electricity and so Is tho Mines phero When Benjamin Franklin by his famous experiment with tho kilo pioved that lightning IB nothing but electricity ho also proved that the atmosphere Is a conductor for a bolt of lightning may J travel many miles boforo striking tho earth Mero space finally IH a conductor pc electricity an you can provo by pats hlJa a current through a vacuum Aa i noon aa one comprehends that elec trical waves can movo In apace without tho conventional wIre conductors it is evident thttt the question of telegraphy with i wires without wires must depend largely upon the transmitting and reedy IllS apparatus LlrcB hitherto havo been I used because with the appnratuH avalla blo for hOIMlinf and receiving electric cur rents they hnvo = afforded tho best results indeed for con lucrablo distances thoy afforded the only results that could ho depended upon Even with wlro na a Conductor far mono delicate rSlng8 roc IlnF In Ht rumen Is have to b < j uBed on an Atlantic cable than on a cjrcult between Spring field and BUffalo Now Marconi Is by no means tho first one to experiment with wireless telegraphy Many mm have hcn worklnJ at the probiem for years And Ctscnllall their problem hoa been to IOr feet aparatu at ono end which would generate electric waves strong enough to tnwcl tho lonE dstanc with mere space i as conductor and apparatus at the other end sensitive enough rccelvo and record those waves The transmitting and receiving mtu thus far develoPed IH complicated appa and to undorBtand ono needs foni ° technical ItnolcdTO it Top will reach Tbn rViiSortzlftl1 wavcHln this coinccion much Hertzian wavrs are waves of electricity Hertz Wl1J i a German prtz wnj professor who died In 1I 1 Hu was tho first man to provo by oxpcrlment that whenever In cuit any cir cicctromagnotlc changes are broiieht about 111 when nn Induction coil Is In ac i Uon t1o 0 dlaturbanccs nn > tranBmlttcd In all directions brinEInaabout fjltn1lar changes In neighboring conductors His great work won to show that these disturbances dis-turbances arc transmitted by means of vibrations of ho lumlnlferouR ether which Is assumed physicists to Jill all space and also to snow the character and meas uro tho velocIty of those waves The wireless telegrapher therefore first generates gen-erates Hcrtzlnn waves of electricity Into space Gen GicHy head of the United Slates army signal service In describing tho transmitter used by the signal corps In experIments over two years ago reported re-ported that ho used a coil In oil energized ener-gized by a threequarter horsepower ro tiry transformer furnishing IL5 volts al lei uatlng potential nn arrangement making a very powerful and eUlclent sourco of Uortzlan radiation Marconi used at that div a RuhmkorfC coll According Ac-cording to present methods the Hertzian waves are transmitted by tho generator through a who to tho top of a high polo and that IB where tho jumnlngoff placo lo From the tOil of tho pole the Hertzian waves arc radiated off into space About onollfth of it horsepower Is necessary to sOlid them sixty miles to sea and a iWO mllc range It Is said ought not to ro qulrc much moro than SAhoisepower piovklcd the energy can ho utilized To acnd the wav > fl across tho Atlantic tho problem of transmission Is a question of propelling force Tho Uortzlan waves follow tho curvature of the earth Marconi improved tho receiving apparatus appa-ratus by discovering or Investing what is known as tho rtccohcrer which consists con-sists of a bill working on an ami at tached to tho armature of an electromagnet electro-magnet In the circuit of tho coherer or receiver But that aside Enough has been onld to show that this apparatus both Bending and receiving IB highly technical and difficult to ho understood In detail by one who In no electrician or has never witnessed experiments in wire less telegraphy Suffice It tOHn that whon Mnrconl the other day In Now foundland received the wlrclcsn message from the coast of England ho flew a kite In the air and from rom the kite was ouspcndcd a wlro connecting with his receiving re-ceiving Instrument I The Hertzian waves had passed over the ocean from tho tall pole on the English coast and had struck the wire on tile kite In Newfound land The electric vibrations were thus transmitted to Marconis delicately ad justed receiver and read by him exactly an they had boon sent across UOO miles of ocean Marconis system uses the atmosphere as a conductor Nicola Team It ISln i dfcrslood Is experimenting on a system that uses the earth as a conductor It acorns satolo predict that soicnco will 1 complete master tho field of wireless communication through long distances before many years havo passed Evl dcntly experimenters aro only In tho Infancy ofthe arLSpdngncld Rcpubll can l i 0 |