Show 0 D D DI Du Q u r o J h hoOr o I I I 7 By ELMO SCOTT WATSON INK of the American flag II as nil all of us do on June Junc 14 I T which Is Flag day and we II 4 naturally think of the tho nation al emblem with Its thirteen 1 alternate red and white stripes and Its 48 43 18 white stars on n a afield field of blue But this flag Hag which Is and und affectionately known as Old Glory the Stars and Stripes Stripes and the Star Spangled Banner Is not Dot the only banner which calls for forthe forthe forthe the respect and loyalty of all nil Amer Amer- AmerIcans Americans cans For there are some other AmerIcan flags which have their place In our national even though they arc are not so well known as the Red Ud White and Blue First of all there Is s the residents Presidents flag the personal banner of the Chief Executive of the nation Some day It if you see sec flying from a short hort staff starr attached to the radiator cap of an automobile a blue flag edged with white and yellow ellow silk fringe bearing the United States coat of arms In the center with four white stars In each corner of the flag you wont won't need the cheering of the crowds to tell you that the President of the United States Is riding In that car Or It if you see a n flag of the same me design with perhaps a slight difference as to the fringe floating over o a house or snapping In the breeze from the bow of a ship It will Ill bring the same mes- mes mes sage that tl at the President resident Is In that house or Is riding on that ship But the President Is Is not the only high official who has his own per per- personal personal personal flag If It the secretary of war Is making an official visit there Is dis dis- displayed displayed played a red flag bearing the United States coat of arms with some som minor differences from that shown on the Presidents President's flag and four tour stars In the corners If Its It's the secretary of the nav navy nary Its It's a blue flag with a white anchor in the cent center r and the tour four stars If It Its It's the secretary of the treasury you will see another blue flag but the design on It Is even more complicated Two crossed anchors are surrounded by a ring of ot thirteen white stars In front of ot the IntersectIon intersection Intersection tion of the anchors Is a shield bearing bear bear- bearIng bearing ing In the top half a pair of scales of the balance t type pe and lower halt half a n ke key The symbolism of ot these Is of ot course clear The secretary ot of the treasur treasury holds bolds the key to the nation's na- na lions tion's stron strongbox bot and from the earliest days the balance scales were used In weighing precious metals The secretary secre secre- secretary tar tary of ot commerce also has a blue flag with the four white stars but hut In the center Is a white shield at the thc top ot of which sails a three three-masted vessel essel and below a lighthouse casts casts Its beams abroad The Ir Presidential flag has hns had an m Interesting history Insofar as the Question of a proper J design design for it has resulted In a series of heated con con- controversies controversies over o several se points of her her- heraldry heraldry aldry Involved Its history has has been one lon long record of changes and and restorations until finally In 1910 under President Woodrow Wilson there evolved e the Presidents President's flag Ong as It today Before that time Ume each elch president dent had bad the right rl ht to select the design for tor his own Oa flag and most of tl em m- m did But the Presidential flag used y President Wilson has lias been heen used by b OUr Chief Executives since that tir timeA A aA distinctive c fla flag for tor the l a had Its orl origin ln In in the navy On Apr April 18 1865 Gideon Wells secretary of the navy issued aset a- a set of- of naval of-naval nn regu regu- lations regulations prescribing prescribing that on the oc- oc oc occasion caslon casion of ot the of the President on board a war man the American ensign should be displayed displayed H pla ed at the main This Tills was the first official order to designate nate a fla flag denoting the pre pre- presence nce er sence of ot the President a na na- na national na ship A change was made m le the n next year when the rectangular luck Jack of ot dark blue bearing horizontal rows of white stars one for each ench state was adopted as the Presidents President's flag when on board a national vessel Although this was the first distinctive flag for tor the President It was nn fin un- un fortunate unfortunate fortunate i In the n navy v the tre Union Jack Jack- At Atthe aUbe i the foremast Is a n for tor pilot Thus Th in the case of ot a ship with wilh only one mast the display of the UnIon Jack ml ht mean menn either cither the th President or the pilot In the case ola of ofa ofa a two master the sIgnal would be con con- fusing confusing and since at that time a Jack Jaci at t the rl rigging wag n was walt a 0 61 signal al of ot distress PATRIOTIC NEGLIGEES The photograph shows left to right Eliza Ellza Elizabeth beth VIvial with the secretary of wars war's flag Helen Appello with the Coolidge flag Mary Devenny with Old Glory Helen with the Taft flag and Anna Corcoran with the Roosevelt flag These Presidential and army flags are all manufactured at the quartermasters quartermaster's depot In Philadelphia its use for the President was hardly one complimentary to the highest t om- om officer In the land In lS f however howe the national en- en ensign ensign en ensign sign was again designated as the Presidents President's flag and It remained thus until 1882 1652 when William E Chandler secretary of the navy Issued an order which was approved ell by br resident President Chester Alan Arthur that the flag of the President of the fire United States shall consist of a blue ground with the arms of the United States In the center It was not until IG 16 years later Inter however howe that the army followed the lead of or the navy y by adopting n a distInctive flag for Its commander In chief and when it did its action marked the beginning of a n series of controversies contro which were to last for nearly two decades Under a general order Issued March 28 8 Is 1898 8 from the adjutant generals general's office by direction ot of the secretary of war the President's President's President's dents dent's fia flan flag for the army was designated designated as a fla flag of scarlet buntin hunting with white stars In each of the four cor cor- corners corners ners and in the middle of or the field a large blue star outlined In white and bearing in the Ule center the United States coat of arms Around this cen- cen central cen cen- central central star were other white stars rep rep- representing representing representing resenting the states of the Union During the Spanish American war warthe warthe warthe the army Presidential flag was hung upon the wall of ot the tile cabinet room Jn In Inthe the White House symbolizing the po po- po of President resident McKInley us commander com com- commander commander mander in chief of the arm army and was the first war flag of Its kind that had thus ever er been used But for some unknown reason the nav navy nary Presidential flag which would symbolize his 1115 position position tion lion as commander in chief of the nav navy was not thus displayed The arm army Presidential flag was first ex- ex exhibited ex exhibited publicly at the peace jubilee celebration In Chicago In 1509 and again at a n similar celebration In Phila Philadelphia del delphia pIlla Later both the arm army and the navy flags were ere twice hung in the main hallway of ot the White House during army and na navy receptions but the army Oa flag was never ne hoisted until March 4 4 1901 1001 when it flew fiew over oyer the re le reviewing stand at the second Inauguration of ot McKInley The first controversy contro over the Pres Tres- Presidential flag came up In IS 1500 The ar department order of 1898 SOS had definitely directed ted that tile the th officIal coat of arms arms on the central sta should be as determined b by the State department and the arms referred to are arc those shown on the great seal eal of the United States which Is Ig in the custody of the tle Department of State The shield thereon had alwa always s 's dis dis- displayed played ed seven red and six white bars alternately red and wd white which a was strictly in accordance with the act of congress of June 20 O liS 1782 establishing establish establish- Ing the great reat scab seal In when the equipment officers at New York and fare Iare If Island Iu where flags for the nn navy vy pare 1 re re made were furnished their flan lIag r-b r books attention for the year sear ear the they called cail ll atten atten- attention tion ilon to the fact that the shield on the flag erroneously displayed seven white and six red stripes In- In Instead instead In Instead stead of the reYer reverse e It was discovered ered er d t that nt the design had been licon copied fr m a publication or of the State depart depart- department depart ment entitled Tire Seal Seal f of the United States The matter was taken up unofficial unofficial- unofficially unofficially ly Iy with the State department and ended with an admission from frota officials of that d department that there was no logical lo reason for the reversal of the colors which was presumed to be bethe bethe b the result of an arbitrary heraldic license In IDO 1902 tile the acting secretary of the navy Y Issued a n memorandum that the State department certifies that the shield has lias seven white and six red bars alternating white and andred red and it Is ordered that such shall shaH be the seal on the Presidents President's fia flag Meanwhile the army continued tomake t to tomake make Its flag with the seven red and six white stripes on the shield In November 1902 It was decided that tha something should be done to cUe chic the differences In the design o oa the shield A committee from the War department and the Navy y department culled called on President Roosevelt Hoose anti and suggested that since other oilier nations had but one flag Ilag for its chief It t was wail not consistent for our President to have two So it was decided to adopt a new flag closely patterned after tho I Iolder older na navy flag but with several modifications A short time later i orders were Issued by the secretaries I of the two departments that the colors on tile the shield as certified by the State I department seven seYen white and six red bars be followed and on November redI I 21 1 1902 1002 It was officially announced that the controversy between the two I departments over oyer the design of the residents Presidents flag fing was at an end Tha only other oilier change was to make the I eagle cagle white heavily stitched In black black- Despite the agreement however howe the tho flags used by the two branches of ot the servIce were not yet et the same True both used the same device as to the tho eagle and the shield but the navy clung to Its blue field and the army to Its red field It was not until the next administration that decided steps towards uniformity were taken On June 24 1912 and again on October OnI I 29 1912 1012 President Taft Issued executive executive executive tive orders that the tile color of the field of the Presidents President's flag shall be blue but the army did not Immediately con con- conform con conform form and a difficult situation arose at atthe atthe atthe the inaugural ural ceremonies of President Wilson In March 1913 The Tile review re reviewing ing box In front of the White House was decorated with two Presidents President's flags fias provided by the War department I and thea the a Navy department The Navy departments department's was blue but the War departments department's was re red I This revived re the old controversy n I and when n again aln in 1915 WIG there was a double display of colors the matter d a serious aspect It was pointed out to President Wilson that an agreement should be made and a standard flag adopted for both branches of the service The President called in Lieutenant Commander B By Byron By Byron ron McCandless aide to the secretary of the na navy and requested him to pre pre- prepare prepare prepare pare a design for the residential standard The new fia flag was wag to consist ot of a blue field with four white stars In the corners since the flags of an admiral and of a general bear four stars as a sign of command and aud the President is the highest ranking admiral and general Instead of an exact reproduction r of the great seal President Wilson Willson expressed a desire to have e his Ills personal seal a n modification modification tion of the great reat seal used on the Presidents President's station stationery err In the White WhiteHouse Whitehouse WhiteHouse House on the 11 flag a This seal differs from the great s seal al in that the eagles eagle's head is turned to the sinister Its its left and the stars above c the eagle are differently arranged The new design was prepared by bythe bythe b the bureau of construction and repair under the lie direction of or Commander McCandless and was approved b by the President in an executive order dated Ia May 29 20 f WIG 1910 So at last the con con- controversy con controversy ers tro was ryas ended and a Presidents President's flag uniform for both branches of tile the service came carne Into Inlo being But nut though the arm navy army y na contro contro- controversy ers versy over the Presidents President's flag was thus ended there arc are those who are annot not yet et satisfied with the Presidents President's flag They point out the th fact that the seven se Willie and six red bars on the shield even en though It does docs have hae the Indorsement of the State department Is not in conformity with the arrangement arrange arrange- arrangement arrangement ment of these colors as ns prescribed lu in inthe luthe the act of congress of June 20 1782 adopting the great seal seal of the United I States nor as prescribed by hy the act of congress of oC April 4 1818 lug In alternating red and ind white stripes stripe In establishing establishing- the American flag ling But more serious that tills this accord accord- according accordIng In ing to heraldry experts Is the tho fact that on the Presidents President's lIu flag the eagles eales Lead head Is turned towards the these sinister that Is awa away from the flag pole I Ii Is one of the ancient rules of heraldry they the su say that no bird or animal eve evel look awu away from the staff for If such sucha I n a flag is carried Into battle the heal thus turned would make It look 1001 as a though the bird were retreating from the enemy On all nil other flags fins on which the eagle appears Its head al- al alwn's always always wn's ways faces the staff Starr re regardless of which side of ot the flag flae one looks look at at |