Show Era of Deep Sea Si S Cables s Bungs fEr J e of Ocean b s Depths Depth I Deepest Sou ling E Ewer Ever r record recorded recorded ed Just Made Near Philippines Shows Sho Depth of Almost Sir SIC and Hall half MIles Since the n Ii t savage sarae a sink s his hIe paddle into th thi current to see sec if his crude bark sin w iff in danger of ground mg Int int men who mho do o 0 down to the thc sea m in ships have hale Ia e bee been interested in m knowin the dept depth of the toe element clement upon whIch the they floated The Phoenicians tho those c intrepid sailor of ancient tunics times knew kne the use y the t e lead leid or plummet and Migel in m vIg the th globe lobe tried to sure censure the depth of o othe the Pacific th Pacific the earliest recorded it t Millions of s hl hale I been tempt at scientific oceanography made by b s ll throughout thi the tha seven ceven seas sin g s unsuccessful unsuccessful I ful eFort but it is only with the err erro cr o deep sea cables that anything ln like liki a picture of the topography topography topo graphy of the thc ocean floor has been beci obtained r Charts begird begun In m 1886 by b h Sir Joh i 1 Burray sho also win wm excess of 6 deep dee sea soundings but include only those of depths gi eater thin th 1000 1 fathoms or 6 feet Of nf these about 2 2501 were ere taken in m the thC Atlantic t end ind nd about the same number in m the Pacific hll I over 1000 1 er m the Indian n Ocean I These soundings gs give nc at least a general of the ocean bottom and 1 hat fill fai from hemp hemp- th the lei 1 eiel el plain one t imagine it is a s seamed and broken as the contra contin its with i ln ing i wide rude Ide plateaus and ar tremendous t al al 31 alvs v vs Greatest Grate t The d ev cv r made mude I is that of o Jeet met recently repOl reported teJ by the thC German as af a hiving h been mace maue nC net l the IP TIP To i hinds linds b bi by the German cruiser Emden This ahelf is a depths of nearly sir si and nd a helf miles or neatly nearly a niile greater i than the height helg of Mt lilt Ev E cr erst st tal tall tali tallest est peak in w t t th j world This means that the known range of variation m in the inthe level lesel of the earths earth's crust from the greatest blight ight about s ti j n act t to the depth below is 68 feet or approximately 12 miles Areas of the Ocean Oc an floor covered bJ bj more than 3 I fathoms of wa iva u I Iare are known as deeps and have be been given names name r ixu Uly Illy derived flo fion n that of the scientist ship or lion hon menu These deeps number 57 of which 32 are In the he Pacific 19 in t e Atlantic 5 in the Indian n Ocean id d one ne partly In the tle Atlantic on n nn the IndIan 1 rom ic a point of vIew of i 1 depth the Cr Ch lenel Deep m in the tid North Pacific in nd the AldrIch Deep Detic in the South romIe Pa Ie tic hc are the most Im- Im Important important bem being e a only two wIth depths L i o O O fathoms the 1 he I hi c e D p is thi largest ly in JIll wholly in m a Atlantic o an area near tf thi West Indies of some I ales lies and having a maximum Q mI I f 4 1 fathoms or 27 feet three fourth floor fourth of 01 the Atlantic sea a floor is ns covered y water c exceeding 1000 fathoms In a and ard over cue rn cn half by water 2 fa thorns thoms fathoms but the co I t compare compareS with Ith the Pae I fi i and Indian Oce Uce it if It I is the large pro prop p covered by y water less than n 1 1000 u i 1 erta Int J fit m mist striking thelow feature of o the Atlantic I is the low central ridge dividing the ocean ln into eastern and basins An Another Another other feature is the the gentle slope oil oft n the American co cots ts and off the But t Ish Isles as comp red with the slope off Africa andorf and off orf pain and Portugal J Plateau of the features J II of the North orth orth unquestionably is the famous Plateau I some miles In III breadth whIch I with Ith its oo v bottom om forms a 1 veil verI ve verItable table cu cu bron for lime ahe net network ork of r cables w which crosses it t to today day dJ dav It was as of thi that Lie M I F P Maury hury U S Sy SIN pioneer ocean ocea bathymetrical and maker of the first Kathy bathy bati metrical In of the Atlantic II is 5 y placid loi tor the e i e of U tI e a wits WillS of a sub submarine marine marme tele telegraph 1 and and nd keeping them out of m b was wa l American hv w-n w h b n pioneers in III modern h al aland and md oceano ocean tl gl l research The work olk of tho ll t Saes S s avs ind United Stat Stai c m su mu ve se dl da lS is balk back aek to 1811 In adJi adli a 11 ion 1011 to the the p nor woi 01 c of 01 IBen HBen LI Maury I lieutenant leu tell ant 0 i II H AtlantIC Ben v man inan tU tUross j ross the Atlan tIC from flom id to t ni maiming a survey foi foti the first tic cable 1 Midshipman on uk cd a H bounding device e whIch winch Ie ie ue iti j facilitated the f vv rk and ard d op nd the th way to 31 1 f ocean bottom me Ie I Iway vomits and i 1 la b o line of ui hol r tl I n whom Louis LOUISI c ft SIZ nl n n 1 I It wele n hi followed ss urn I pOl Port t mt n i Ion cons hr hI same manic SL st t Cl carrying o 0 I i a r r nelous Broil v pre amo emoi g TY their te 11 ac ny ng tint limit of or l r a Chill nger which I was 1 Jl al ii su inn 1111 i t th mth tile the t l i t I se e of the L S s si t i carora arora Route Is Stirs un eye e Before laving In l I 1 roue rou u T mul mut be surveyed urve cd with al almost mist the sime s Ime mc m mt lit ut e CM era ob erred in la lain mb in i il t l i a iy I 1 Ino Ine no ne Just as lS the road la lay ia of steel fated nun I trek 1 1 the pa path Ih fr fn i icon fion I n clams LS cs nd gorell gor c at st omit nt t the cable cible pi it ic It its wa was 11 II ol 1 r r P i tile tue sr rOll roe roi of 01 t i i m is 11 ise I h arm it II J timid cf f r cop crop r may mi miLe I Le 11 ctt ti I to many man clangers clan d gers th laying of the ne high h spec d Fern l o 0 I cable in m t P e orth c erth Atlantic I mm in 1926 for c example c the Western estern estern II cabla c bl ship 1 CM Cyrus 1 us Field tile t e cable laying hip Colonia tik n- n n ng continuous s sI I is means of tonic lut depth hn In in tn 1 I the reid re redI I lAS lA'S to the Co Ca r t bs b wn l I If If the cal call li is upended fi om point o point ther 1 d J of It iti b L te und I e str i n i 01 of ing bi-ing I by th icon icHon of cuneen CUll ell an I II I Ii I I i lIo e di s thic is h the dinger din In dinger ger er of curie curl can a ais if is icebergs ships an whal whales fid 1 sA fi i und and hIn h hIn hIn In warm w wife Ite the tiny liny tel ter no ur or urr orr r anne inne bor i i KI t I mene C against which the oil i foi fOl the chIc I i n sheath of b bass 5 NEW SCIE CEDE E Ef E f As a result of thousands of sound nd nos a pretty ac lie picture of 01 the ocean ocean floor has con obtained and i from flom studies nn 1111 e a of of I samples of oceal bottom ht UP in these soundings and of thousands of hauls from ep sea nets nod nd trawls a whole n ui science of the plant and life of the ocean ha has bee been built up Thu Thio m in eludes clude studs stud stud of s of specIes of deep sea ea fish fi h hand a and of cv ery variety of olor and ind stage I themI of ninny miny of them brought from from s si ch depths that they literally c plod from internal prey tore ure uro when biou brou ht to the sumac and am freed from the weight of ol water wlter to which they hey ire accustomed The vastly m interesting and tive science of oceanography hid h Its inception in the practice pr of deep sea ser soundings whit which was as treman n dous dons impetus bi b the early e surreys sur sun for cable routes Send nd furthered by the I indefatigable work wok of dozens of cable ships needed for fon Baying and mg ing the network net of submarine telegraph tele graph raph hies connecting coun conn all Ill the Import tint centers of th the world |