Show 11 I ITYS INTRICATE TE AND WONDERFUL WATER WA TER SYSTEM I I u u u C Cr j i v k r I 4 w t tw 41 w fi r w i L k k 1 Wp I 7 V f 2 r S SY Y 4 r w bA Y oY Zit 4 41 1 a t j jt t c cF F y vM vMS S Sd S Si S f h e Lake Catherine In Big Cottonwood canyon designed to be used use d as a reservoir The Parleys canyon reservoir situated at the mouth of Parleys canyon rr 01 t t tY t AVERAGE DAILY DAlLY Y FLOW OF 4 4 CREEKS 4 GIs G 4 4 P per r day du dut 4 CM Cit Pity cre creek k 16 second feet 4 4 t Emigration 13 1 second feet Parleys at 11 second feet 4 4 Mitt Mill i reek creek 15 S second feet 4 4 Big Bis second 4 4 M M 4 4 1 M 4 M M 4 M 4 M Salt Lakes most valuable asset is v p Ati ilter i 1 From the clear sparkling mountain streams fed by the snow in the canyons n nJ md gulches of ot the Wasatch this water i df rived Its purity is unexcelled and oven even in inthe inthe the hut but months of ot summer its users can cane e the coolness of the mountain crocks i rot ks Historically the evolution of the wa WR water ter tr supply system s stem of ot Salt Lake is most interesting reiting AA When hen the Mormons first settled th thI the I irren valley of the Ute Great Graft Salt lake tl they i found several mountain creeks go goi ii i is g to waste in the desert last I they utilized the water of ot City ir lf rK k which they the flowed through the Lu mess loess center to the site of ot the New hous bJUs buildings and thence west across I IlC square quare Into the Jordan river Each Had His Garden LAt Eat h man had a little garden of ot his acu and diverted the water which he needed through crude ditches onto his bis land for irrigation and culinary pur purposes purposes purposes poses But the city soon grew grow to such sueh an extent that finally the municipality secured control of ot these water rights and superintended the tike distribution The Thes s same aine canals were used but the city saw that they were kept cleaned cl and also made the division as equitable as possible The first pipe line Une was laid from the creek reek down Main ain street to Third South street and it was about this time that the creek was diverted from Its course through the business center to the North Temple street canal The people who owned water rights and used the water of the creek for ir irrigation irrigation purposes were Indignant at this diversion of ot the water by the city elt and entered an emphatic protest No Trouble Resulted Those living further to the south and not having had before the advantage of ot city water were however overjoyed and no serious trouble resulted The pipe lines were gradually ex extended extended extended tended through the settled portion and Those who had bad previously used the ditches were supplied from this source as well weli as others This kept up until the city actually controlled the entire flow flo of the creek About 1878 City creek water became insufficient to furnish the people of the city with the water they desired At that time the people in what is known as the Pleasant PleasantView View district secured their water for tor Irrigation purposes from Emigration Immigration creek This was appropriated appropriated in the same samo manner mamor as was City reek creek and the canals extended into the city In time the canals were substituted substituted substituted by pipe lines the same as in tho case ase of City creek Must M st Exchange Water It was in 1879 that the city elt first began be began began gan to realize that In order to obtain the full tull benefit of ot the mountain streams surrounding it some way wa must be de do devised devised to furnish irrigation water to those who held water rights In the va various various n rious creeks in exchange for tor their rights to the pure creek reek waters Utah lake which lies miles mills south of the city was considered the only solution of or the problem Pre Pro Previous Previous to this the Jordan J river from The Narrows to th Great Salt lake lako had hall been harnessed by the farmers to make Inako a garden out of ot the desert upon which they settled Utah Lake Rights Secured The city by dint of ot hard labor on the tho part of ot its Us council secured rights to toper ST per cent of ot the thc flow How front Utah lako and Immediately started a canal at Jor Jordan Jordan Jordan dan Narrows This canal Is known to toda today toas da day as the Jordan Salt Lake Lako City anal canal and runs from the point named parallel to tho the foothills of the Wasatch and about three miles distant distant until it enters the city at Twelfth South and Ninth East street continues its course courso along Ninth East and finally empties c into City Cit creek on North Tom Tern Temple pit street opposite the tho temple templo grounds An agreement was made mado by b tho the city elt with tUh the water rights owners in Emi Emigration Emigration gration and City creeks to take this water In exchange e for the mountain water as Wi the lake Jake water was far bet bett t ri 4 ter tel for irrigation purposes The city also gave these people the right to use the creek water through the city mains for tor all domestic purposes Made System Possible P This original exchange of water rights has made possible the present presents system s stem and by virtue of it the water from Parleys and Big Cottonwood creeks have since been secured These Thee agreements are still in force I and some of the heirs of the original water right owners are today profiting by the deal Along the canal in the heart of the city can be seen now sev several several several eral spillways which furnish irrigation water to small lots the owners having as yet et refused to surrender their rights The canal was completed late in 1880 1850 in a crude form and remained in this condition until 1889 1859 At that time it became b came necessary to look for an addi additional additional additional water supply and Parleys crock creek seemed the most valuable and nearby source The water from this stream Ir Irrigated Irrigated Irrigated j approximately 2500 acres of off i ti x f r 9 4 I h st land Immediately south of the city limits lim limits limits its and in what lb is 1 known now as the Waterloo district iO i P S 7 r 00 r f 1 r Jf orl 1 s 4 t t a Str t r T Y 1 1 5 l lr 7 i r I Ie e f l to tor F J JS r II S f I 1 J Jt Jt 1 t t ft I IL Il I t 1 L l 1 V l f er f r 1 I k 11 j r 1 rI a S t 1 I I S r J Jt I 4 t oot r f I 1 rr I i 1 1 ZI r 0 IN 0 II SALT LAKE GiTY I J JA I N 1 7 A w 1 1 F r 5 4 1 i f r ti Li Jr 4 S i i al x E fir 1 1 H I 1 I ILc G 4 1 tf i I It Lc 1 t tt c t i i d df f t on r 1 s I H iy t 41 w 7 j t I 4 Ulf J iiI iiII I I t 3 f v r 1 Two o i ti tit tiT tio e t io 7 Y i u uJ uI ur J S t o r IL ILS T I I J r e e Ati a er i 5 Oi t tor j 7 r or orI I l t vI f lt J V j 1 3 e Vii I 1 W o r rr rt M MF Mc Ma I r r A I c ct y yi t r LITTLE LITTLEY c t a F f Y y t S i rte I l V Vl VP Y J JI Jf JI I P f h Pr If i I ys 4 After many conferences with the farm farmers ers who owned these rights the offer of the city to exchange Utah lake water from the canal for the tho creek water was was accepted thus giving the city another large supply At present in the district described the canal furnishes water to many of those who at one time controlled rights in the creek Shortly afterward the tho city secured some rights In the Big Cottonwood creek the largest and most dependable ble stream flowing into the valley These rights were gradually Increased until in 1904 the city controlled half halt the tl th e flow of ot this stream It was then that the project of building the Big Bi Cotton Cottonwood Cottonwood Cottonwood wood conduit was advanced and this great engineering feat was completed In February 1901 1907 and the water turned Into the city mains Mostly The water from this creek has also been secured by the exchange of ot rights for the tike most part although the Knud Knudsen Knudsen nud sen rights east of the city canal were purchased for This purchase had to be made because the canal is be below below below low the land of which these rights were a part The conduit as Is generally known runs along the base of ot the mountains and empties into the canyon reservoir a cut of which is shown above From here it is distributed to the southern and western sections of ot i itile the tile city and furnishes at least Joost 60 per percent percent percent cent of the Salt Lake people with water yater 4 r S Sa A i iA f fr A r 1 1 v vr vL d s I r i L 1 iJ 1 I Ii t It 1 I i I I tt i t i nil j x I I r rt rIt u t i It t r rr J Ji JI t I 3 i a k ki K I I If I 1 t I It Ico f i t Il co 4 0 t c i I i iI I S fr frS r 1 k r w r t I o oi oI c i j 1 i f I V SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY POR OR SALT LAKEr LAKE E r r I This Tills map shows City creek Emigration Parleys Mill and Big BI and nd Little Cottonwood creeps creeks tIll the proposed extension of ot the Big Cotton Colton wood n and conduit to and the Jordan Jordanl l k Salt Lake canal It is the area between this canal and the conduit where there are many valuably water rights held hel by the farmers which could be secured if the city olty can secure seure a canal site along the base basco of the mountains near the conduit r n r P 1 I II It I 1 t 1 As the city grows growa It has become evl I dent lent that some other water supply sources must be obtained Mill creek reek for or instance In tance between Parleys and Big Biff Cottonwood has a large flow and could cowl be use used to advantage In fact the con conduit conduit duit dult was built with this end in view aRit as aR ast 8 It t is sufficiently below the creek level to allow the water from that stream to tobe t i ibe te be e diverted into it and thence thence into Par Parleys v t leys reservoir The city is also desirous of obtaining rights in Little Cottonwood and the conduit can easily be extended acro the Big Cottonwood gorge and thence them a two miles along the mountain side to this creek creekMore creekMore creekMore More Exchanges Desired In order to secure this water how however however ever eer some scheme must mu t be devised to exchange Utah lake water with the property owners who have the rights in the creek The present canal Is not net advantageously ly located for this pur par purpose pose Itose as it is too far tar below the base of or orthe the mountains and much of the water needed lies to the east of it It Is IB now proposed ed to extend the East Ea t b bJordan Jordan canal which runs from the Jor Jordan Jordan Jordan dan Narrows along the base bae of ot the tha mountains to Little Cottonwood as far tar faras taras faras as Mill creek where it will corn conned connect t with the old city canal The city could then e water ater rights with the farmers Parleys of and Mill creek anc also some owning rights in Big Cotton Cotton Cottonwood Cottonwood wood who live between the mountains and the canal and give them Utah lake laka water This would give the city pral practically the entire flow of ot the three Mire creeks named and would mean that it would be safe sate from a water famine for all time Company Is Objecting The proposition lUon to allow the city to tou use u e the East Jordan Jordon canal does not meet with approval by the canal company com company pany composed of farmers which own owns It and the city recently started suit 11 t j 1 condemn a right of ot way for Its Utah Itah lake Jake water through this canal If th thi suit turns out well the old canal from The Narrows to Mill creek will be aban abaci abandoned abandoned and the new route three mlle miles 5 further east cast used in Its place This new canal will be able to distribute water to any part of the east ea t bench and ani down as far south as Murray i irrigate Acres The conditions involved in the ex exchange exchange change of water rights in the region surrounding Salt Lake are particularly acute The waters from the stream streams now W used ull d chiefly for tor municipal supply have been diverted during the past for forty forty forty ty years yeans to irrigate an area of about acres The land comprising thi this area Is IB owned in small tracts of ot about fifteen acres each and Is generally in a J high state of ot cultivation Moat Most of the area is devoted to th production of ot fruits vegetables sugar beets and alfalfa and with sufficient water for irrigation yields abundantly abundant The average value of ot the land ani and improvements Is about an making the whole who area worth nearly Not Good for Irrigation The water from the mountain streams is IB pure and clear but its temperature is too low and its flow tIow too variable tu to tf best serve the purposes of Irrigation On the other hand haud for tor domestic eon con consumption on and municipal use UFO the water Is well suited Hutted and also al o favorably situ situated sit situated u The dependable flow from the four streams is only about fifty second ond feet In the low water period while at flood stages it is often otten as high as 9 A low flow generally o 1 curs late in the irrigation season n with the result that while depending cn on the streams the maturity of a R full 4 J crop on all land under irrigation is never nev never F realized Better for Farmers Farmer The water ater from Utah lake on the tha theother theother other hand is turbid and much warmer than the mountain water which with other conditions render it entirely unsuited un unsuited unsuited suited for domestic consumption al although alp although though t ough quite preferable to the moun mountain mountain tain water for Irrigation Furthermore the tine lake is at w so 80 nearly nearl the same elevation as the city that water cannot be delivered from It to th the s latter laUer by gravity under sufficient head to preclude the necessity neco of pumping into the distribution mains mainsAt At the same time the lake is sum sufficiently sufficiently above the irrigated areas for formerly formerly merly dependent entirely upon the tha mountain streams that water can bo bi Continued on Page 9 I I r ri Intricate and Wonderful Wat Water r System Continued from Page 8 delivered to that area from the lake by gravity Compromises Difficult Although the physical conditions are roost t favorable to an exchange of the prejudices and other circum ances surrounding the ownership of ofHie the Hie rights In the streams made arrange arrangements ments for such an exchange difficult to toon consummate on These circumstances have nevertheless been overcome sufficient sufficiently ly lr to obtain all the water from the mountain sources that may be needed rn 16 the near future By the purchase of rights on the streams and the exchange j tt f lake water the flow of the mountain Tater can n at some time in the near fu fuU furore U rore re undoubtedly be rendered entirely available for municipal purposes One of the most valuable assets of Ute lie system Is of course the right to tose tose tose se the water from Utah lake for ex ext exe e t hange range tange purposes This water comes Sown Gown the Jordan river and Is diverted into five Irrigation canals west of The T o Narrows As the level of the lake is isI I but lut ut a little above the Jordan river out net IN during high water It has been necessary necessary essary for the city and the Irrigation companies to install a pumping station at lit this point so 80 that during low welter water periods the water from the lake can be bernade made to flow uninterruptedly The Tho pumps s are seven in number and with a at t lift have havo a capacity of 10 gallons every hours which is 18 believed to be the largest of ot y water supply pumping station thus JUr hI built Lakes as Reservoirs Recently the th city Ity has for 2000 pur haaM the lakes hikes at the head of ot Big creek reek near Brighton B These KS ces are art situated at an elevation of approximately feet and will be used In time for storage reservoirs The tRost available for this purpose are ar take t a rut ut of ot which Is shown above abo |