Show I Feeding Horses TV Not of Simply's Simply I ui JI Matter of Giving 0 0 T Them em All I. I They Want of What s 's Handy sHandy I t rT nn E problem of or horo feeding ee ing 1 Is isI T 1 considered by b most owners owner I JL as is a 11 Er very simple one consisting merely of or using food stuffs s at hand I In sufficient to satisfy th the i appetite of ol the horse That this thi method Involves great waste an anIs and detrimental to the health o othe or of orthe Is I the animal no thoughtful thou student o othis or of orthis nt this subject will deny en The rho digestive c r disorders to which many man of or our horses horse I pa arc nrc subject the great wa waste te of oC ha hay haj haya a found in tile the stalls nn and in tho the manure manures or I from froIn the horses and ancI tl c general g nc neg- neg leet lect characteristic of or the operations in In- In at ohM in feeding Indicate that a iUs- iUs hL of ot the subject ma may be lie of oC value nt nt at this time The common practice I is to feed feell the ho rj horses unlimited quantities of hay ha In li some instances tho the horses are arc allowed the free freedom om of ot the stack stacI during th the thep p Or winter and In tho the summer slimmer tho the manger mangeris to overflowing o with ha hay sen sev- sev ck is n I. I T rn Ix Cr era fl un WI wonder wh why It II is that wIth Dt such treatment their animals have a step a hill dull eo 3 an and a rough coat On the thO other othel hand there are arc horsemen who feed sparingly but In Intelligently In- In Cr and whose horses horse lI by their action and style announce at once that the they are in the best of or condition in Ira feeding a mature horse hOIse the es essential esthee es- es thee thing to be he obtained from foo food gIven gl is energy to be lie used In drawing a n. load In walking or trotting The horse must st have havo enough food to re replenish rera re- re ra the waste continually occurring in n fl the bod body an and to furnish energy y for forthe flog the work expected Manifestly then e c one of the first essentials in successful ta t. t horse feeding is to find the relation between he- he tween a given amount of food and antI a adr dr given I am amount of or work Through practical practical observations and scientific re researches researches re- re t ii Ij searches the amount of loo food necessary sar fReh da day dav for a working horse has IH been en determined The Tue standard rations published published pub pub- lIshe b by man many of or th the experiment stations stations stations sta sta- and found round in itt most agricultural Rg text books arc are the re result ot of an CM observation ob oh- atlon and stud study The These e standards is food is 13 reI required re- re i t tell us how much digestible I dall daily b by a n horse weighing 1000 I I pounds when at rest or at moderate work These rations or standards have 1 1 been adopted In fn many man countries for fOI forI I horses and bv lIY large r e cab corn com t j s where a a i large rie number of horses p t i are arc tell fed ed under uniform conditions Of or orr Is factor fac fac- actor ac- ac I r I course Individual peculiarity a I tor which must be reckoned with but bul ul there Is no reason why some basis as asid asto L to amount and kind kin o of feed id f sar sary for the average o Utah farm arm horse Tr Ti 4 C i J should not bo ho established all rii t BI flIg KC More 14 It Is a well recognized fact that a aI aa ar a 4 t I I r largo Jargo horse ie requires more foo food to 0 build and repair the body hod and to carry arry carryon Si i f on the vital Hal processes which constitute work worl than lhnn a small mall 41 uLl muscular idea ideaN horse It has been the prevalent N 1 that the tho amount of or food required byU by U horses horse is proportionate to their weight later Intel in estl investigations have hav shown hown that the tho amount required varies I more with the surface areas area than with ti 1 the body weight The factor of creates great creat iii es est cst t influence In this connection Is the theft ft work required the ration increasing in Ih with the work This fact accounts for many ninny of tho troubles of our farm horses on Monday onda mornings and amt on onI I days ays succeeding holidays During c Sundays Sunlan and find other hays days when the I it horses are arc al at rest the thc ration should bo ho very en materially diminished If wo we arto ar I Ito to to disorders 31 to avoid 1 tho the digestive of horses arc frequently ftc fre re- re which man many our fr frt t t. t subject I d I Practical experience and observation I II I on many man of oC the farms In Utah have o l lei leito ed ll I to a belief that there thero is much waste in fee feeding ln farm horses e The writer has hns seen hor horses cs weighing from 1 1200 00 to 1100 1 poun pounds s receive from forty to fifty tift pounds of or ha hay per day In addition to twelve c to fifteen pounds of oats while at ordinary farm work It is 15 truo true that tha most of this food was consumed but hut 1 It does docs not follow that tho the horse woul would not have e done as as- aswell well had the tho food been very materially redu reduced d The stomach of Ca a horse differs wide widely from I that of ruminants the stomach of the tho former consisting of but a single lc sac while that of or tho tim latter Is made up of four divisions As s a result of this difference difference difference dif dif- ference dl digestion estfon with a horse i Is s aI a n mUll much simpler matter mechanically I than with the cow cowS though tho chemically th the results are arc similar With the I hor horse e the tile food is not returned to the mouth as ns In the case with ruminants but as soon as ns swallowed Is brought under the th sH action of the castric juices The Tho co following wf jo ii- ii table ahl Is presented as a n. reason wh why we should not follow the same methods In feeding horses as cows cows keeping In mind always alwa's that with the on ono one the purpose is IR to furnish food to supply energy with the tho other to manufacture food tood products A Average capacity of stomach a horse 19 quarts a a. co cow quarts Average capacity of small Intestines a a. hor horse e. e 67 Gi quarts a no cow 70 quarts Average capacity of large largo Intestines a horse 13 quarts a cow 40 quarts lined AH ti It Is evident ident that there thele must muni be some difference in the tho amounts fed to a ahOIse horse hOIse and anti a no cow and that a n. large arge Ingestion In- In of 11 hay a or other co coarse fodders od ers b by a horse will result In dl digestive this dis orders Feeders frequently ob observe ol c that under tinder certain s systems stems of feeding their horses are sluggish and lazy Indifferent Indifferent in indifferent In- In different to the tho whip hip and unable to perform their work vork In a satisfactory wa way During a period of years the lie writer had charge of ot the horses kept In n the Agricultural college barn The amount of ot ha hay given hen to these hor horses cs was reduced to one half the amount ordinarily fed though the tho amount of or ral grai remained the same The horses were not satisfied at first t and made matle their heir desires for food known every tI 1 1 U IU 4 1 IU into U me LIIV l UI Howe er frequent s were made and these weights were used ns ts tsa a guide to tho the proper amount to fee feed fter the new method of feeding feeding- had been adopted there was as with the eight horses then lien belonging to the college and station a saving sa of at at least 25 5 tons of ha hay during the year ear At present the laJe large draft horses which average a pounds pound in weight receive twenty five nc pounds J of ha hay an and nine pounds of oC grain per cr day antI and In addition some sarno succulent food as carrots or other roots root occasion occasion- ally The smaller driving hOl horses es re receive receive receive re- re fifteen poun pounds s of or hay and anal six pounds of grain g in addition to the succulent succulent suc sue food There are on Utah arms according coflIn to tho the 1900 census horses and mules If It the suggestion sug-es- sug ion tion here hero made mado regarding re the lie advisability nd bUlly of reducing the he amount of hay hayed ed fed to these animals be adopted it Jt will result In a great saving a to the farmers of the state ta te There Thero Therole are le a number of or diseases ases to which farm hor horses hor are subject but use use- ally lly the these e are arc disorders of the digestive s system tem these disorders in a majority of instances al are aie the result of over o overfeeding feeding ceding ha hay Since we Inaugurated the method of limiting the amount nf or 11 hay fed cd and other troubles of the di digestive ell ell- e system have ha been heen unknown n wn among the horses In the college barn barti though hough the these p e troubles formerly were fir LIf f n II oil nee I Feed I On Oil On Sundays and holidays s 's or at other others times s when the tho horses horse arc are not at work there hero should bo ho a reduction In the amount of feed given gl Some ome horse hors owners on these occasions limit the tile amount of or grain led fed or take tako it awa away altogether ether This is not to be he com coin mended A slight ht reduction should b h be made nade in both ha hay an and grain g and this can an be done in such a wa way vay that the tile horse torso will not realize It In this con con- can be he quoted tram from rein Bulletin No Xo i 7 from the Utah Exp Experiment Station on n Horse Horae Feeding Feeding- From th these e exper- exper r- r ments It is apparent that even e under work the desired results in n hor horse orso o feeding can be he obtained with much luch less ha hay than is usually fed and consequently to the financial gain of or ortho ho tho feeder It is folly to claim el that a horse will not cat eat more mOIo than Is h necessary san ary if jf allowed the lie liberty of the tho atack antI nd grain bin The argument Is lt sometimes some some- times Imes ma made e that a horse under natural conditions on pasture never ne eats more moro than ban Is necessary anti and that under these e he lie Is never nc subject to I ill df- Jc c U disorders While this Is undoubtedly un- un dh true It must bo be 1 kept ept In mind that liat as us as a we stable a horse and require work of or lim we have ha tal taken cn him ilm aWl away from Irons his natural con conditions and nd placed place him him un under er unnatural Thousands of dollars and man many lany valuable horses could be saved annually If the amount of or coarse foder fod- fod del dec er fed fed horses could be reduced reduce one- one half haIr alf The fact i Is recognized that the feeder coder cannot each time stop stul to weigh welsh out ut the exact amount of feed teed nor is this his recommended A few s swill will vill g gl give l tho the feeder an l idea ea as to the amount mount to be bc fed and this once fixed In n mind will servo for practical pur- pur poses 0 CS Best results have been obtained at athe atlie atthe he the college b by feeding most of the ha hay hayat hayt at t night ight a Yer very little In the morning none and 3 at t noon The rho following outline outline out- out line ne of feeding ono hor horse e wel weighing I 1100 pounds I is taken en from the instructions given to 0 our barn rOI foreman man I Morning lucern z 5 lbs Ibs oats 2 Ih lbs Ibs oon oats C G lbs Ills carrots 3 1 lbs Ibs nl night ht lucern 1 15 r 1 lbs Ibs bs oats 2 1 lbs Ibs carrots i fl 1 lbs Ibs On Sundays an and holidays tho the oats at noon oon are reduced reduce to four tour pounds paunch or omitted entirely and In the evening e the theay ha hay ay to ten or twelve pounds The rhe heavy feeding ceding should come at night after is when the the he days day's work over o and animal has time for Cor masticating and dl- dl his foo food Water Yater alwa always s 's before feeding ceding loud Good cc ao As conclusion of or this phase h s of the lie a p ft u R win maice no no nun you yO ou teed reed the horse unless ls the teeth are re In good 00 1 con condition The Tho food Is 18 prepare pro pre pare pared ared for tor the stomach by bv the molars or grinders ers twenty tour In hi number This mastication or fitting of or the food foo for tor forthe the he action of the stomach juices Is lone done doney IJ by y a sideway movement mo the food being being beng be- be ing ng changed e from side to side sille at will In n most mott horses this action results In Inthe inthe the he formation of projections of or the lie grinders ers such projections or hooks hooles causing sore ore slavering the tho passage e of or undigested d food toad woun wound of oC ho hit tongue an and lining of the mouth etc tc The treatment Is IR simple lc calling ON as H It hoes does for tor the u ue use e of or the tho float noat dental dental den den- tal al file the time operation consisting In lit filIng fling fil- fil In Ing ng down town the projections on the outer side Ide of ot the upper and anti the inner side of f the lower molars molarA The average crage work Wort horse orse will need this attention once a year ear ar I Lucern The Lucern-The The principal fora forage e crop In Utah IB It lucern but man many horsemen un- un fortunately object to Its use Throughout Through Through- hout h- h out ut this state there Is la still considerable a against feeding It St St. tho lie contention con- con being that it acts nets Injuriously h hon on n the kidneys Liverymen Ll especIallY are aro re opposed to its ith use They frequent frequent- Is h y pa pay t twIce as much for timothy hn hay hays hayas as s for or lucern The Tho comparative e merits of f alfalfa hay hn and timothy hay ha were In cl investigated tl at n at t tho the Utah station In tests with sith work horses und driving horses lories which extended extender over O four our years vara earH in n seine Home of or the those tests test as aH much as 88 twenty five pounds of or alfalfa or timothy tim thin othy lift h hay with ten teb pounds of oC bran and shorts horts was sae fed fell per head henel dally In Ii other tests ests the amount of ot hay was war considerably consider ably smaller and the amount of grain lal larger cr In ln some some- cases oatS oat were ted fed I Instead of or bran and an nd shorts shorb Generally speaking ng the time timothy fed was as tho the more expensive v and the horses did not maintain main main- tam tain i their on Oil weight on it as well as th the alfalfa ration The diuretic err effect ct of or lucern was al also o studied and It was fount found that the horses excreted more urine than on ot othe he feeds reeds but bt not enough more to cause any inconvenience Front iTom the hc experiments x conducted at t tI various vailous stations it seems certain that considered pound for pound lucern is superior to timothy as a horse teed feed eo One f Feed Oats Oats There There Is a prevalent opinion that horses fed ted on oats show mettle li which cannot be bo produced by the tIme use of any an other feeding feeding- stuff Oats are arc a a. as s safe ifo feed teed because of the thc presence of the oat hull which causes u n given I en weight of or orthe the grain to possess posse s considerable vol vol- 01 ume urne Tl nI n I C Ol n i TA 1 I 1 s ii na las nia however that oats ma may often orten be profitably profit abl ably replaced ed b by other ther concentrated foods Bran and shorts have ha served to maintain the weights of oC the thc horses as well veli as oats in a 11 number of oC tests here C re Barley On Barley On the time Pacific coast harl barley nIs n- n Is extensively used usell for tor feeding horses at all kinds of or work It will bo ho found foun better to tee feed barley barle as wheat whole rather than ground otherwise othel it is likely to form a pasty mass In the mouth Corn Corn It It would undoubtedly be he a profitable practice |