Show INEXPENSIVE HOME FOR FLOCK OF ONEn ONE Tells How Jo io Build a Henhouse C Changes in Art of Poultry Husban Hus- Hus ban fry Are Radical Radical- Radical Twenty ty Years' Years Study Shows Difference Difference Difference Dif Dif- Dif Dif- ference in iii Method of Keep J FRESH RESH AIR HELD AS MAl MAIN N ESSENTIAL Il Places faces of Abode for Winter Uses Should Not Be Built r With Tendency to Unnatural Unnatural Unnatural ural Warmth Says Expert BY PROF FREDRICK H. H STONE- STONE BURN Copyright 1912 1312 br by Tho no copany In a r recent cent issue ve we presented a plan and description of a small poultry house designed to satisfactorily satisfactorily satisfactorily satis- satis accommodate a home flock of poultry In response to toa a demand for n n. building plan of a n. larger structure Professor Stoneburn which is 3 t presents one both economical in construction and has proved satisfactory on many fa farms in widely separated Sections of the country Any onet one ono t- t with entire may adopt this house confidence that it will win be both practical and and efficient One of the tho oldest races of our ii domestic fowls the Silver Sil Gray v. Dorking is the subject of Mr rr Grahams Graham's pre present s e n t drawing Brought into Britain b by r the Remans Romans Romans Ro Ro- mans the tho Dorking has hns survived cd the he centuries s and is is' st still ll a a prime favorite frn am among n English poultry- poultry men who ho regard it as one of the thc finest table fowls fo in existence The Art rt of ot poultry husbandry has Undergone undergone un un- n radical changes h during the last twenty twenty years yar ears This IB Is the 1 logical reI re- re 1 I suit o of oVa a a. a more th thorough rough und understanding l of of the tuna fundamental mental principles 1 i f ing the Industry Much data ot practical tl l value has been accumulated by 1 ur and professional protes- protes Ional and tho the Investigational work of ot the the various various' agricultural ag experiment stations has brought to light ht many Important Im- Im I If ta facts ts which have pr previously been overlooked looked or The 4 practical Information thus gained has Jr been been widely disseminated through tho thoS j S press experiment station bulletins and 4 farmers' farmers Institutes and the tho general adoption of at Improved methods has quickly toll followed owed One of ot the most noticeable changes has has been In the method of ot housing the flaying and breeding stock Fifteen to years cars ago o the average e poultry- poultry man believed that It was 83 necessary tr te keep his fowls warm arm during the winter months In order to Induce thorn them to produce pro- pro duce duco eggs during the season of ot highest 1 If prices Hence In the tho erection of ot poultry poul- poul vi- vi try houses tightness of ot construction v Vas was vas most desired and structures havir hayt hav- hav M ir t Ing double and triple walls equipped with tight fIttl fitting 1 windows and doors b Were ere to be found on every poultry o E plant Such buildings were almost in in- If t I r rr r I III II Elevation rAY r- r j- j 01 t j w AY I r n 1 I o I boF b oF ln s ca j. j rr 0 c j o j. I 1 5 I P 01 I I T i I 4 I t. t j r I. I f f k tf I 1 j jI I I i IL 4 I 2 t 2 cr t a i sn P Plan PLAN OF OP A SATISFACTORY FRESH AIR POULTRY HOUSE variably without means of ventilation and the birds were frequently kept In these tight ht boxes throughout the entire winter with no oth other r ventilation than that afforded by leaving the door open on occasional pleasant days das Ventilation Important Houses of ot this kind were wore most uncomfortable uncomfortable un un- comfortable being damp and chilly and the birds kept under such conditions conditions conditions condi condi- were frequently sick debilitated and unproductive In the tho endeavor to overcome the glaring glaring- faults of ot poultry po buildings of ot this character more att attention was paid to ventilation It was found that this tended to keep the house dryer and the birds In bettor health and gradually the open front or fresh tresh air typo type of ot house was wal evolved and generally adopted Houses of this kind var vary greatly In form and size but all aro remarkable for the provision made for tor forthe forthe the unobstructed entrance of ot air and sunshine fl Inc Large openings are left In the tho south sido of ot tho the buildings buildinG's varying In In size according to type of building and the nerve of ot the owner In some cases the opening opening- equals quarter one of ot the area of ot the south wall In others the entire south side sido Is left heft open These openings openIngs open open- ings are aro frequently fitted with cloth covered frames which may moy be bo closed In bad weather to keep leep out tho rain and snow enow without seriously Interfering with the tho ventilation On some successful successful successful success success- ful farms these openings are never closed regardless ardless of ot weather condi coridi- The Thc Introduction of ot fresh air methods of ot housing usual usually results In an In Increase increase In- In crease of vigor In the stock with consequent consequent con con- sequent heavier production and de decrease decrease do- do crease crease in tho the amount of ot sickness and ond I There Thoro arc are certain Tory vory definite re requirements requirements ro- ro to which modern poultry houses must conform So long IonS as they do such matters as size shape and materials materIals ma ma- used In construction n do not greatly affect the results secured The welfare of ot tho the fowls demands that the house shall shaH be dr dry light ht and sunny well wen ventilated and free from draughts droughts For the benefit of ot the poultry man It should bo be convenient and economical These These- points should be carefully considered considered considered con con- when planning planning- new buildings or making makIng- alterations In existing tures Models Model of houses Doue An excellent type of laying house Is illustrated herewith This particular building was designed by D. D J. J Lambert Lam Lain bert and erected on his poultry Lam Lam-I farm farmIn In Rhode Island where It has been giving giving I ing satisfactory service for several sea sea- I sons The dimensions given are aro those thosa of ot the original Inal house but they aro are not arbitrary and can bo be changed ed to suit particular cases A neighbor of ot Mr Lambert adopted this style of ot house after ob observing ervinS' ervinS tho the results secured from tho the old one but as he desired to keep smaller flocks locks ho made mado tho the pen ten feet teet square Instead of ot fourteen as asIn asIn asin In tho the original In some fome cases a single Io pen one halt the tho house has hos been built In tho form torm of ot a to loan against us some somo other farm faim building I Iother This type of hou house c In It Its various sizes is adaptable to the needs of or both tho the poultry and th the yard back-yard poultry man It Is simple Inexpensive and In large measure meets the re requirements ro- ro outlined above c The house Is eight twenty feet teet lon long and tour fourteen teen feet wide A solid board partition from floor to peak peal divides It Into two to pens each fourteen feet I square Each Pen I Is designed ned to accommodate ac ac- ac- ac fifty hens but this number ma may be bo safely Increased somewhat If It necessary Yards may be provided at atthe tho the sides and back arranged In such sucha a manner as to give access to the entire entire en- en tire tiro front of or the house without tho the necessity of ot passing through them Material to 10 DC no Used The Tho material used In tho the original house is as follows follows- Sills x S Inches studding studding- Inches rafters ratters Inches boards hoards 16 feet teet long Iong- The roof root and north wall are arc covered cred with roofIng roofing rootIng roof roof- Ing Ing- paper Tho The floor loor is th of earth carth filled tilled In iii to A sufficient height above the ground round level to Insure dryness When constructing constructIng- the house the sills are first put in place and leveled up Corners should bo be made mado perfectly square The sills may rest on a rough wall or on posts or stone stono piers In Incase case caso posts or piers are aro used the they should bo be sufficiently close together ether to properly support the structure The Tho ho studding studding- IB Is next placed In position as Indicated on the tho plan and tho the portion fc ok pf th tho elevation showing sho the framing It t will be no noted d that little studding Is used In the tho side walls and aDd back This la Is duo due to the fact tact that the tho boarding Is nailed on perpendicularly thus affording affording afford afford- ing the necessary strength If It horizontal horIzontal hori lion boarding Is preferred additional studs must bo be provided The studding to support the ridge pole and ami central partition Is next In order and finally the rafters Tho The lat lat latr aro arc spaced two feet apart It will be noted that the rafters ratters arc are quite heavy hea This Is duo duoto duoto duoto to the tho fact that thit the tho span Is long and there arc are no supports excepting at I I and plate plato After the frame Is 18 completed the boarding may be bo quickly nailed In place The Tho sixteen foot boards cut to advantage o for use on tho the sides since the tho latter ar are are four feet high They are used for roof root boards without cutting running parallel with the ridge e and projecting a foot Coot beyond the front andrear and rear walls walla The Tho addition of the roofIng roofing rootIng roof roof- Ing Ing- paper on roof root and rear walls makes the structure weather and wind Ind proof on these exposed portions Tho The dropping boards and roosts roasts are placed no next ct to tho the central contral partition which bunches tho the boards at night This arrangement Is decidedly convenient convenient con con- and tends to I keep cep the birds bird comfortable Light Upon In tho the front of ot each pen provision Is J JI made for tor a door 2 foot 6 Inches wide wido I and 5 foot 7 1 Inch Inches high a n. single sash window wInd two wire-covered wire openings s. ono one 1 7 feet teet 2 Inches wide and 3 i foot 0 inches high and the tho other othor 2 feet teet 3 1 Inches wide Ide and 1 foot 4 Inches hl high h. h The window wIndo it Is designed to throw Plenty Plent of oC light lIS-ht upon the roosts and affords additional ventilation during the warm months This Jt lR placed above the droppings board The small opening open ing lug Is 18 below the tho droppings 8 board hoard and andI andIs I Is i intended for or ventilation It Is never ne' closed win winter tor or summer The larger lars opening Is provided with a cloth cov ered cred frame which may be bc closed durIn during turing dur tur- In ing very stormy or extremely cold weather This frame Is hinged to the thc side wall and aud when not use uso Is swung ba back k a against the tho wn wall l entirely out of ot the way A single sash window i H placed In both of ot tho the side sido walls These admit the tho sun during durIng- tho the morning and afternoon afternoon after after- noon and also serve servo to lI light hl tho the back backof oC of the pens Thc They are arc especially valuable alu alua a abl able lo for this purpose when the weather Is such as as to necessitate the closing of ot the front openings Further they af afford atford at- at ford tord means of oC cross ventilating tho pens during hot weather Tho The practical will quickly quick quick- ly Iy note the man many advantages ad combined combine In this structure Economy of ot construction construction con con- convenience of ot operation and the tho health and comfort of or the tho fowls are all provided for or The house hoise has hils been tested for years cars by practical poultry- poultry men merl and It has made good Any Anyone one contemplating tho the ere erection of a a. poultry poultry poul poul- try house may maj safely adopt this plan ph It If It H meets with tho the requirements of his particular case caso The yards If It such buch aro are used should l bo be erected be before oro freezing weather In order to have them rend read ready for use when required If Ie tho tim ground selected Is la not heavily It should be bo plowed and seeded down don to rye or some other ether crop which will not bo be killed out during the tho winter This plan possesses tho the double advantage ad of ot purifying tho the soil boll ana supplying the tho birds with growing green feed reed J i I J i. i Ir IlIr Il 4 I ii r r I f J f j jI I r rI I I I I tc IiI I 4 it e c P I Ic t I kJ k c J 4 1 SILVER GRAY DORKINGS This is one ono of the large breeds and md is popular in England It is supposed to have bave been introduced into England England England Eng Eng- land by the Romans and has reached its highest state of development in that country It has b been en recognized a athe as the standard table f fowl wl of Great Britain and the English compare comparo all other varieties favorably fa or unfavorably with the Dorking The hens produce a a. fair number of large white eggs and they are arc good sitters and mothers It is r a strikingly handsome fowl The male malc is glossy greenish and silvery sil white surmounted mounted by largo large bright red comb and wattles and the tho female is a soft even modest gray They are noted for haying having five toes on each foot instead of or four This feature is characteristic of only a n few other breeds s of poultry The llio males weigh from seven to eight pounds and the fem female lo from five and a half to six sit and a n half balf pounds although individual specimens sped sped- mens often e exceed these weights |