Show SURRENDER TO FORCE PROTESTED BY HUGHES Declares Claim That Tha t A Adamson damson Act Limits Hours of Work ork Favors Hour Eight Day S N N. J J. Oct Ot 0 Charles 9 D E. E Hughes Hughe opened tho third trip of his 1 NE presidential campaign with wih an au address addres from the band stand in Military park ark in he he vigorously assailed d the administration for tho the enactment of f the Adamson law lav- Mr tamson Hughes quoted Senator r Underwood Underwo Democrat to uphold his contention con con- 11 that aft the he law was not properly an hour eight law but was a wage tenton measure instead Mr Hughes Hughes' follows S SI On Un tho the I am not opposed to tho the principle of an nn hour eight-hour work day contrary I favor or fu it it it The general principle hour eight-hour work lay day is ia is health happiness and efficiency that hat limiting labor to eight ht hours hour promotes It Its not Ilot only frees from c excessive o sl strain min but gives opportunity for education I Tho The whole of leisure and profitable resources for for the pleasant point is the limitation of hours of labor that a man mait mal shall work eight hours hour that It is is a a. mere mero pre- pre pretense and no longer The Adamson Alamson bill hi does docs not pro provide ito I n longcr It does not limit hours it regulates pay tense tene y ense to say sav that n it does docs hour py It i is 15 a n wage waco o 11 inn 1111 Let us look lok at the text of the tho act act It t provides pro that eight hours shall In I contracts for labor and service ser be bo deemed a days day's work and the measure or standard of a n days day's work for tor tho the purpose of at reckoning the compensation ton mon mon- for or services of ot tho the employees That Is the only onto purpose the purpose the I purpose toned of oC reckoning compensation work There Is no limit to hours of ot Then again It Is provided that pending pend- pend Ing i E tho the report of oC tho the commission and andor for or thirty days thereafter the compon- compon atlon of railway employees subject to this his act for a standard el hour eight hour ht-hour work workday a reduced below the lay day shall not be be re 3 present standard days day's wn wage e. e and for all necessary time In excess of sight hours jours such HUGH fuch employees shall be paid at ata a rate not less les than a n rata pro rata pro rate for tor R There Theres such standard hour eight-hour day I is s no fixing of at hours of ot work there Is no prohibition of worl nS' nS more than cl eight ht hours The reference to eight hours Is so solely ch to fix the wage scale AH As Senator Underwood said In the tho course courso of or the tho debate In the tho Senate replying ln to another senator If jf the senator would go o and con- con suIt I with an any of oC the tho gentlemen who ful represent the employees and who have been con contending here In this Inter matter the hev would tell tall tel him candidly as the they told old me me that tho the question IB la a question of oC wage waSe that they are not contending for or an hour eight da day that a n man shall work anI only eight hours thc they do not vant want thai thaL th Only Wage Plainly whether hether there thore should bo ho boat boat hoat at this time an hour eight-hour work day In Ina a particular employment depends on the he conditions of that employment Some employments are readily adjusted to o It and antl others are not not Railroads are arc not like ordinary Industries It I was not ot suggested that It was practicable to put In a true cl hour eight hour ht-hour da day on rail rall- rai- rai roads oads Indeed the contrary was conce con- con ce ceded eded ed Railroad runs are made to division points Men Ien select elect their homes omes accordingly Tho The time of or actual servIce ma may be more or less than eight hours This has not been boen changed It I was vas not Intended that It should be he changed hanged The change Is In the wage waJo scale cale not In the tho hours of labor naH flail road oad wage schedules were wore based on hours hourn and miles i that Is Is ten hours and 00 miles If I n a man made his miles In less tha ten hours that Is In four hours he got a days day's pa pay If I It took him t twelve hours hour for example he got fot a days day's pa pay and two hours over- over time Imo Now ow tho the chan change e was not to limit or alter Ier the hours of labor but to pay pa on the basis of eight hours Instead of ofte often often te ten hours hour It I Is IR a n mere Increase of ot wages by fixing a different basis bass for calculation of ot wages Service ocrel over o cr el eight elgh hours Is not prohibited I It ht Is If not penalized No Xo penalty Is provided pro for permitting anyone to work a longer time On the contrary such uch work is e evidently contemplated The railroad runs must he be completed In n an any case and under this bill bil all al service over eight hours Is simply to tobe tobe toe be e paid for pro rata The bill bl says that for tor all necessary time in excess t of ofel el eight ht hours such employees shall be paid at a 3 rate not less than the h pro rata rate to for such fuch standard el hour eight hour ht-hour workdays There Is no Increased ed rate for or additional hours I It I Is therefore wholly misleading to o refer to this bill bell as an el eight hour ht bill biL Let the bUt bill bl be bo called caned by its IM II right h name What Is fair and right can atford at af afford afford af- af ford to be described correctly and can stand on Its merits Principle Abandoned d. d What Is the purpose of oC this attempt to make the tho public believe that hat this bill hil fixes an hour eight workday Manifestly Mani f st in order to end endeavor avor to Justify this extraordinary Cr action acton O of the tho ad administration administration ad- ad ministration in its Is abject and Ing ng surrender of oC principle In demandIng demanding demand- demand ing ng and securing this legislation without without with with- wih- wih out an any proper Inquiry as the tho price of peace E Evidently It I. I Is felt that a wage wae could not be justified In this manner So It Is 11 sought sought to give the impression that what was done don was to fx fix an el hour eight hour h-hour workday and that tha this was already approved by b the ho judgment judg judg- ment of society A shameless perversion penH sion slon Even ven as an eight hour workday ork a the Judgment of society has never h been noen en passed on its application to railroads with their road divisions dl and tOU of ot dut duty The Tho railroad employees s themselves themselves themselves them them- selves would desire to io o be bo heard card on this point If I there wore ore fn any such Ul judgment judg ment of ot society why did the administration adminis adminis- limit the application of the tho bill bm to these theRe particular employees Is 18 not not tho the hour eight workday quite as Im Important irn- irn for 80 per cent as for 20 per percent percent ter cent cent What becomes of at the suggestion that the hour eight workday was granted not because e it was demanded but because It I was right On Or this thi as assumption assumption as- as why not grant It to all al railroad railroad ralI rail rail- ral- ral I road employees 1 Is I there an any special of Ct society for tho the 20 o per percent percent percent cent the more highly paid Why does the bill bi except electric railways and those railways which arc are less than miles mies in length If I the administration was wa giving effect to the judgment of at society why did it not pass pas the tho measure at the beginning of or the tho administration Tho The President President President or or certainly a a. a year ago dent says that tho the matter mutter was agitated for Cor over a year Ve We 0 might at least ex expect ex- ex poet the tho called so-called so-caled so Judgment of society discovered by the administration to appear In the Democratic platform The Tho answer Is that we are not dealing with any ny Judgment of society or with an hour eight-hour workday but with an In Increase Increase In- In crease of wages as a to the justice of ot which neither society nor nor the administration administration admin admin- has an any information I ma may add that hasty legislation Is 11 likely to carr carry with wIh It I unwelcome sur sur- If I el eight ht hours Is 15 tp p be a measure or standard of ot a days day's work for Or the purpose of ot reckoning the U com com- to be paid how ar are those men left Jet who complete the tho prescribed number of miles In less than eight hours hourn Havo Have th they any assurance If the they are arc to be paid under this bill bi on ona ona a a. basis of ot hours that the they will wil be bo paid on a n basis of miles when the they work workless lest less than eight ight hours hours And how will willa wil wila a rigid hour eight-hour basis of pay affect present guarantees There i la Is much food for thought thou In this legislation not only on the tho part of at those for whom It does docs not provide but on the part of those thoo to whom It expressly refers lour ht-lour le Tho The Republican party has not been opposed to the She principle of oC an nn eight eight- hour da day an Many years ago aso a a. n Republican lican Ican Congress provided that eight t thour hours hour should constitute a a. days day's work for laborers laborers workmen and mechanics employed b by the United States In 1892 It was vaa provided that all al laborers and mechanics employed by tho the United States by the District of ot Columbia or orby b by any contractor or sub contractor upon any an of the public works of tho the United States or 01 within the DI District 1 of ot Columbia should be bo limited to eight hours hours' hour work a day and employment for was punishable b by fine a n longer lonser period I or Imprisonment or both In 1901 Congress Congress Congress Con Con- gress directed that In lii all al irrigation I construction work eight hours should constitute a a. days day's s work In 1912 provision provision provision pro pro- vision was made mado that letter loter carriers In the city delivery service Fer and clerks cl del er should not In second class clans be required to work moro more than eight of oC ex- ex except In cases hours a n da day CIS hitherto the American Federation of S Labor has nan not favored legislation limiting hours or fixing wages ages for tor adult labor lobar In other than governmental go adul employment In November o 1914 I Understand un understand un- un that the tho federation adopted tho the following resolution Resolved cd that tho ho American Federation Fede Fade ration of Labor as In the past declares raton that tho the regulation of ot wages and hours of ot labor should bo be undertaken through trades union act lt activity and not by legislation leg leg- leg leg- legislation except In so 0 far as ns tho employment em om- of at women and children health and morals and the tho employees of or the tho national state and municipal governments are affected This was wa approved ed a again aln b by the federation federation fed fed- In November ember o 1915 Not ot at the outlet did tho the brotherhood seek to at attain nt- nt tam tain t their ends h by legislation It was through the action ot of tho administration Ion tion that the Adamson bill bl was demanded de do- ton The administration threw throw up tip of oC abandoned the tho principle its ts hands arbitration Is abandoned the tho principle of action acton ac ftC- fair Inquiry before tho the legislative o ion tion and In a panic of at fear Cear rushed to Congress ton to get this bill bil passed as the tho price of peace Tho The bill bl thus came canto to embody the terms of or a hu humiliating hu- hu surrender to duress Surrender to Force oret This encouragement ement of oC force this of at the nIe administration is capitulation tho the worst thing that has happened In Inthis Inthis inthis this country thinG In many a n da day What hat aCtion acion action ac aC- ac- ac tion ion will wil the government refuse e it IC force demand it So The Tho administration has hns indeed certain proposals which It said were to provide against n recurrence recur recta cur cur- rence of oC such a situation In the iho future but aut these proposals were opposed cd and consequently were not adopted What hat I Is left lct of oC them thorn Why h should they ever er e bo be adopted if the tho same me pressure is exercised exer exer- bi t cl deed d to defeat them What hut a fatuous thing It t Is to surrender principle to force and to tope hope to stand for principle later When hen principle Is Involved ed stand firm now Do not run away and dream that you Ou will wil have more courage cour cour- ago age In a future day This bill bil Is a n serious blow to labor It undermines what labor has baa sought to I maintain maintain It I substitutes legislation for tor collective bargaining I do not speak of o the Validity of or the b bill I am speaking speak speak- steak steak- In ing of Its policy lc from Crom the labor standpoInt stand stand- point Is labor jabor prepared to give up collective bargaining bargaininG and to have wages s fixed b by law If I wages can Cn be wa Increased by law the they can be decreased Tho Tue principle of oC arbitration ha has been betrayed Labor has lias worked for Cor this principle It I has won Important victories and public opinion has hns developed de do- in Us Its s favor But what becomes of oC this principle If 11 arbitration Is scouted scouted scout scout- ed and force is recognized us victor The essence of ot arbitration is a n fair prompt and Impartial hearing It I Is la laIdle Idle to say that such a hearing could not riot be had That Is simply to Insl insist t th that we provide for foi justice n this country countr Such a doctrine is revolutionary revo revo- r luton Of Ot courso course we can provide for prompt candid and thorough In- In and antl determination If Ir we In InIst Insist In- In upon it We e shall never do It if we substitute force or yield to force Obviously Ou rth unworthy Is the excuse that the question of or an hour eight-hour day dayIs da Is not nol Wo We 0 have hae no such question here her as ns I have hae shown but It Itis itis is 18 plain that If It were werl proposed there would bo be many matters maters that would have hae to he considered cred before an eight eight- hour work o k day could be applied to rail rall- rl- rl ron s. s Else Lise wh why was It I not fixed now For all al roads and all al men El EI Eighteen ht en years ago Congress expressed the national na- na tunal policy In providing for tor mediation media media- tion and antl arbitration of ot controversies ton tn 1 contro 1 I U Ln ecu t IL ruin dU turn men employees relating to both wn wages es and hours hours hours' of or labor This administration Itself approved an act In July 1913 which continued this policy making provision for arbitration with respect to both wages s and hours of oC labor The prEMont present controversy as we have havo seen was a wn wae e controversy and It Is manifest man man- that from fron hoI over every point of at view the question queston was wa I 1 b believe lc In tho ho principle of ot arbitration arbi arbi- of labor disputes and In tho the Interest in interest interest In- In terest of labor I deplore the surrender Inquiry Sought In Vain oln But ut It is said that we Wo were caught unawares Congress was told that matters matters mat mat- had come to a sudden crisis crIsis' in inthis inthis this particular dispute Wh What hat t. t was this sudden crisis And nd In wh what circumstances circumstances circum circum- stances did It arise Was it I unforeseen unforeseen seen Was as I Inquiry before action Impossible Impossible impossible Im Im- im- im possible Instead of being Impossible it appears that Inquiry had been urgently urgently ur Ur- ur- ur gently demanded for |