OCR Text |
Show UINTAH BASIN RECORD hflRo Keeping Up h. j r.i cience JC Is Science Service. WNU Atlantic Theres Plenty of Coal, hut Oils Running Short New York. Unless new methods of obtaining and processing petroleum are developed, America may begin to feel the cramping hand of an oncoming oil shortage in from 10 to 20 years. This is the verdict of Dr. Arno C. Fieldner, chief of the technologic division of the United States Bureau of Mines. Now Accessible fo Travelers .SbrjMany Centuries of Oblivion !i'i Petra ment supervision for the last part of the journey. of raC the How to Reach the Ruins. IRA, silent city Thus the Bedouins have kept Sgotten past, halfway llea the Dead Sea and modern transportation from actu-aU- y n infringing on the silence of exerts a rest 3ulf of Aqaba, long ago and preserved for Petra a minds the spoil upon measure of its isolation. fortunate enough to l However you travel to Petra, Its single and weird whether by railroad from DamasL'oach, through a deep cus, a method almost disused; or by car from Jerusalem, the most efa: cleft more than a mile practical way; or by air, the latrner its temples, numbering est innovation, all routes d cut into on Maan, a thriving abodeconverge iy a thousand, village walled gardens of fjvjng rock of stupendousn, girdled with and palms, figs, vegetables, and V and showing Babyloni-Egyptia- surrounded chalky white Greek and desert. Thereby isflat, an English school its high here, and visitors are often amazed gn influence; ba-an- d i fc to find that many of the Arab youths js, courts, libation understand and speak English. the where altars From Maan you drive northwest e amaz-its jets worshiped; by car, passing the spring of Ain sf jolor, the work of Nature Musa, to EljL Here a happy crowd r fcr and all of Bedouins, with emaciated riding 4, with ocher fes of red all these are horses and pack mules, await your L wLlon.l e Geographic Society. 1 t 4 4 lerious, ngj arrival. enthralling. city, half as old as has a history that began long ious histories were written. Near e been fond worked flints of ippec $3,0Mte (Mean period, millenni-as- ; Wore recorded dates. first written history is fond jliiM Bible; for the land about it Mount Seir of old (now Esh pMr coin p, home of the Horites, cave whose progenitor was Hori, sty', frs of Seir. These Horites yle at the time of thi fit mentioned with the is Eam in connection of the land by Chedor- ling rose-re- K , i ; coKpof een centuries I 1 n , to e' sas a network of caravan passed the prod-g- ; of Arabia, and India ! T?!'y oI 1110 Nile bcia, ond the Euphrates-Tigri- s whicl1 f mT Africa, rbar at Petra was a rich aa city, a veritable crossroads 1 ancient world. The Arabian j of dcsi Patine, r I "ben Borne Fell. brought to Petra for and for in pdirection. So important was the Romans built two r? I to tap its wealth. When Rome powever, its doom was sealed, j d ho' wl were 'eak. es trans-shipme- 1 strs self ash. ttU-- t of a. None i save for a few desert lived miserably In anV. pes, as some of them still live, lady passed from the notice of the that fc world, remaining in oblivion ,agrkrc ti an a thousand years. e of men who 1812 he Swiss traveler. John Bruckhardt, disguised as a to sheik, reached it and re-ir- n to h J ,ell of its mysteries. It moit mb become sacred ground to nd danger Guff menaced TeyisE any I whs approached it. ,rtan tie oentury after Burckhardt vi ahtolortrs attempted to visit stoce Mead, until after the World onge' toi accessible to any save inLw'repid; and even now vis-b.eanoot enter it save under guards. With a iKe(Campf0r accommoda- Pc'ra atTnf .the SUmmer ze h; it D l ut f fanned waitWrs Peat0 se rP from Jerusalem to Petra re( about a arduous caravan travel wintry ConuctiS oflaw the Damascus to ? f dC tT r tey!rom d han-- ah W;l0fMedawasafir;t HoA hiAmnS the country. from Jerusa :A io a smooth tel) : siffl Irauh' ,tlant a cm ,ldil; h b.' cred was In I? the i. I dirt Descending first by slippery trails over limestone rock, you follow the bed of Wadi Musa to a mighty barrier, the eastern range of the red sandstone mountains that enclose Petra. Wadi Musa deepens. It seems that you are entering a but here Nature has rent the range asunder, cutting a narrow opening. For this long slit the Arabs have coined the name Es Siq (a cleft). Through it the fountain and flood waters flow in winter, and after traversing the precincts of Petra city, find their way into Wadi el Araba by another greater gorge, the Wadi es Siyagh. Through Bab es Siq. Approaching the gateway, Bab es Siq, you pass through a small suburb of Petra, without the precincts of the fortified city. This was a city of the dead, as was most of what is left of Petra. Objects of interest are tombs of the pylon type, cut from the solid rock, but, unlike the facade monuments of Petra proper, blocked out to stand apart as buildings. Here, too, are scattered white sandstone hummocks, rock domes into which large numbers of small chambers have been cut without faces. Many of like character are found on the less accessible mountain tops. They are believed to be the troglodyte homes of ancient people who lived on Mont Seir before the descendants of Esau made Edom of it. The Siq is 6,000 feet long as the crow flies and considerably longer as it winds. Once it was all paved, and channels were cut into its precipitous sides to lead the spring water into the city. It is 20 feet wide in its narrowest parts and expands to not more than two or three times this dimension. Its sides are stupendous, making men mere ants by comparison. In no place may you see far ahead, crooks and corners prevent ing. A streak of blue sky like a twisted ribbon is all that is visible of the heavens. Your horses slip over the great boulders that choke this ancient av enue, your Bedouins chanting their weary and melancholy notes. After 20 minutes of this bewitching seclusion, you strain your eyes for a first glimpse of the vision you know awaits you. Even though you watch, it bursts upon you as a surprise. The Siq ends abruptly in a cross gorge. From the face of the clifl opposite the Siq mouth El Khazna has been cameoed out, a temple to an unknown deity. It peeps at you at first, you see a little more, and then it bursts upon you in all its beauty. has been called This the Outer Siq. The name Lower walls Siq may fit it better. Its are equally precipitous. To the south its valley floor rises abruptly to the mountain top on which the loGreat High Place of Sacrifice is no at cut been cated. Steps have little expenditure of energy to make To easy the ascent of the worshiper. the north the Outer Siq expands, opening into the Petrs basin. c, cross-canyo- n Dr. Fieldner outlined the present resources of the nation's fuels. Of coal America has plenty, said Dr. Fieldner. Enough to last hundreds and perhaps a thousand or more years. But natural gas and oil obtained by present methods may be exhausted in less than a century, he warned. Trend Favors Coal. Here is the significant forecast of Dr. Fieldner on America's future fuels: Coal will continue to be the chief fuel for the generation of public-utilit- y and major industrial power. While improved burning of coal might tend to decrease consumption and the further development of water power may be expected to increase, Dr. Fieldner sees an demand for total energy needed by the country so that coals relative position should be favorable. Moreover, after 10 or 15 years oil resources will become more difficult to exploit, so that the trend will be the increased consumption of coaL Tomorrows power and central heating plants will burn any kind of coal completely and efficiently," said Dr. Fieldner. There will be no smoke, no dust, and no sulphurous gases emitted to the atmosphere. Heating Costs Remain Steady. No substitute for metallurgical coke has appeared, continued Dr. Fieldner. The industry should expand. Regulations prohibiting the waste of natural gas and the urge for additional markets will lead to the construction of more e pipe lines which alTexas to Chicago and from go ready to Detroit. Gas will find industrial and domestic use and will displace oil as well as coal tor fuel in some places. As natural gas approaches exhaustion gas from coal will take its place. Dr. Fieldner sees a further use of automatic coal and gas heating of homes and believes improved insulation will permit heating at about the present costs, despite the inevitable advances in the price of the fuel coke-ove- n long-distanc- Diesel engines on While railroads may be expected to increase, Dr. Fieldner foresees coal retaining its predominance as the fuel for freight traffic throughout the age of oil and natural gas. Three-fourth- s of the worlds shipping is now powered by oil fuel. Oil in fact, has energized marine trans oil-fu- Special Police Bar Women, Wolves from Holy Community Capital Called Karyes, Meaning "Nuts to You" in English Halliburton Explores It City.'With a nick- and a piece of glass you can make a simple test that will tell you whether your favorite toothpaste will scratch el the enamel of your teeth. The test is one that the United States government requires for all toothpaste purchased and it was described at the meeting of the American Dental association here by Drs. Wilmer Soudwr, physicist, and Irl C. Schoonover, chemist, of the national bureau of standards. Uncle Sam buys large quantities of toothpaste. When an order for some 14,000 dozen tubes was contemplated, a committee was appointed to write specifications for a safe and effective cleanser for the teeth. These specifications, now adopted for use, were reported here. Must Not Contain Poison! Safety for the tissues of the mouth and the teeth was the first consideration of these men when they met to decide what must be contained in Uncle Sams toothpaste. Next came the question of efficiency in removing foreign materials from the matter of flavor or perfume. A toothpaste must not be excessively either alkaline or acid, it was decided. It must not be caustic. It must not contain arsenic or other poisons. It must have a preservative that will insure that it keeps In good condition until used. Twenty-fiv- e popular brands of toothpaste were tested against the specifications as adopted for use in government purchasing. More than half failed to meet the requirements, Drs. Souder and Schoonover said. Hardening, separation of ingredients, and fermentation or spoiling were the most common faults. Some showed signs of chemical attack upon the tube container, and that was considered undesirable. How to Make Test. Ten toothpastes among those tested failed on the test for scratching. This test, as developed at the national bureau of standards, can be used by anyone who wants to be sure his dentifrice is not scratching the enamel of his teeth. A piece of glass and a piece of alloy metal of the size and hardness of a five-cepiece are all that are needed for the experiment First test the glass for hardness by rubbing the edge of the metal piece over it to be sure that the metal alone does not scratch the glass. Human enamel and glass both vary in hardness. Place some of the toothpaste to be tested on the glass and rub again with the coin. If scratches result, then you may expect scratches on your teeth. This test is sensitive enough to detect one part of emery in one thousand parts of paste. nt Cattle Tick Fever Nearly Wiped Out in United States . The areas Washington. under federal quarantine against cattle tick fever in the South have just reduced by 23,150 square miles, eliminating all remaining quarantined parishes in Louisiana and leaving under the ban three small blocks in Florida and two groups of counties on the eastern and southwestern boundaries of Texas. Total wiping out of the disease in the United States is in sight. larger port. On the crucial question of gasoline supplies for automobiles Dr. Fieldner regards present pessimistic fears of a shortage by 1945 as he Such warnings, unjustified. points out, have been issued regularly since the automobile came into Cattle tick fever is a classic In use. Scientific research, both in annals of bacteriology and medithe cracking heavy oils to yield more cine because It was the first disreverse procgasoline and the ease proved to be carried by an ess of polynerization where gaso- insect or more strictly, in this of gasout lighter line is created particular case, a tick; for ticks eous vapors, should hold the proare not insects. It was the eighteen-nduction to levels of demand, states ineties that the late Dr. scientific Dr. Fieldner. Improved then of the United Theobald Smith, of peof Agriculture prospecting for new reserves States Department troleum and the drilling of deeper followed a blind hunch supplied to tap wells by Texas stockmen and proved scisources should be a further aid for entifically that ticks are the car. the next two decades. riers of this disease. Later, it was found that insects as well as other Would Drouths species of ticks are responsible for Worse the spread of many diseases afflicting both humans and animals. Empty Fertile Regions Dipping and Quarantine. Denver. With climatic changes The United States Department of that brought the larger than those Agriculture, with the strong of the states concerned, undrouths and windstorms of the past a few years, there would be migra-of dertook to Eradicate this costly of cattle. Two principal tion of man from the fertile parts Dr. malady are means employed; dipping the the nation where he now lives, of the Illinois baths and in M. M. Leighton, chief cattle to f Jrbidding shipment of animals that state geological survey, predicted of the American the meeting here Advancement of might be harboring ticks into diseathe for areas. se-free Association this campaign has effective How a' more immediate problem a glance at the Detold been by return of the tick of Agricultures than a possible of the partment period is the preventing Even map." On July 1. 1906, when the soils. fertile work was first taken in hand, the Midwestern farmers must conserve area included pracnatural cattle tick fever and protect their greatest storms tically the whole South, plus the resource, he warned. Dust climate southern half of California a total In a moist of 723,505 square miles. The areas take place even areas are exposed to Ine left under quarantine now add up balthe win'd. In more arid regions not to only 33,571 square miles, ance between erosion and vegetamore than the single State of much critical lha man lon i South Caroluia. nature. actively aid tick-kiilin- fiM-ci- OF MEN ONLY ATHOS-LA- ND Uncle Sam Tests 25 Brands in Placing Order Service. How Long Will Our Fuel Supply Last? Heres the Answer Petra Is Oil the Beaten Path. Here's How to Find Out if Dentifrice Hurts Your Teeth Some of the monasteries are as big as small villages. This one is a third of a mile around the walls. Life is lived there exactly as it was a thousand years sgo. shores of this peninsula, placed four have had their souls slain by the five miles apart, are twenty Infidelity and inconstancy of some lonely and Isolated communities. woman. With broken hearts, seekEach is enclosed within a huge me- ing refuge In religion and solitude, exists today in dieval stone building, walled and they come to Athos. They are Europe a battlemented, and built around a through with women and never want court. These communities are mon- to see one again. little country, washed by the asteries. Several of them were One who broke Aegean sea, so fantastically founded between the years 900 and the law diabolical demon to the story be (so happened coun1000. different from all other Several more In the 1 100's. goes) a famous European queen writin The monasteries are giants In (the late Queen Elizabeth of tries in the world that measures nearly who died In 1910), whose ing about it I am aware I shall size.d The oflargest a mile around its walls. country had contributed so generof be straining the credulity Another Is ten stories high. Fortto the support of the monks my readers to the utmost. So resses, castle, college, church, all ously she was given a special permit that let me assure you at the out- in one, they were all built in beauty to approach the front door of one of set that every word of this and In grandeur by the outpourings the biggest monasteries a favor of riches from the emperors of old unique in history. story is strictly true, and can Byzantium. All went well, up to a certain be authenticated in any referIs in these vast religious refuges point. It The queen gazed for ence book on the subject. that the entirely masculine populaseveral moments into the forbidden This country Is almost a thousand tion of Athos lives. . . four thousand area where for one thousand years years old, and has a government monks. And it has been their ab- no woman had ever set foot. Then, functioned has which interruptedly bots who have passed the unique to the horror of the assembled over a longer span of time than laws forbidding any creature of the monks, she suddenly walked resoany other government on earth. But female sex from profaning the holi- lutely and quickiy on through the Intronever has it time in all this ness of this heaven. doorway just because she wanted duced a single new idea in politics, to and into the courtyard. . . . Noted for Size, Splendor. education, or science. The four straight toward the entrance of the now in octhe Istanbul it who Inhabit Byzantium thousand people church Itself the church where the 900 was most the zealously cupy the same venerable buildings, year The unspeakably holy relics lay pieces read the same parchment books, Christian city ever known. of the True Cross, girdle of the Vir0 dominat-eOrthodox Eastern church lead wear the same style clothes, Mary, foot of a saint that lived it But for numbers gin completely. the same kind of lives, to the mion top a column for fifty years. nutest detail, as their countrys of citizens in this excessively religThe monks were almost paralyzed. founders in the Tenth century. In ious metropolis, Byzantium was not They couldnt seize the woman bodhalf pious enough. These fanatics, the midst of progress and evolution, ily she was a queen and their beneit has remained a medieval world. protected and supported by the factress. But every step she took retreated to the wild and unWhen we examine it we And, to state, further wrecked the accumulated inhabited beautiand dramatically our astonishment, that every inhabi- ful holiness of the centuries. The monof Athos. as Here, peninsula tant is a male has always been a would be cheapened and monks, they turned their zeal into astery male since the beginning. in the eyes of all the other the construction of monasteries. monasteries. While the poor ab-- , one woman Its in soil only Upon In the center of each monastic bot, in was wondering what all its long history has ever set foot court tlie despair, monks built a church In to do, the queen, having seen all she And she remained just fifteen min- the form of a Greek cross. Into cared to see, utes. calmly left. these churches were poured the gold child ever has been born within No or Female? Male , and silver and jewels which Byzanthis countrys boundaries. Baby boys then mistress of the western The tium, most female Inmay have been brought here and world, had wrested from a hundred trusion of alldisconcerting one recent happened have grown up here, but never once subject nations. Not pounds, but summer. a baby girL tons of gold were spread across the In June, two young Danes, acThis country Is located entirely on ikons and the altars. Huge gold a narrow peninsula. At the point chandeliers hung from the domes; companied by a third young person where the peninsula joins the main- huge gold candelabra, higher than wearing a mans attire and proclaiming to be a male, came with proper land the Inhabitants have placed a man, lit the holy treasuries. to the peninsula to make passports sole whose to is special police duty Once these churches were fin- a tour of the monasteries. At the keep wolves and women from cross- ished, the monks held gorgeous first nights stop the monks looked ing the frontier. services, conforming rigidly to tine scrutlnlzingly and suspiciously at Rams But No Ewes. ritual fixed by the Patriarch. the third member of the party. Was Not only are all females of the That was in the year 090. And It really a boy or a girl In mana human race rigorously barred fe- what remains today of all this gloryl clothes? As the suspected visitor males of any other sort are barred walked about, into the church and Everything! as well. There are large flocks of fleck of gold, every Jewel, library and every sacred corner, the Ever roosters In the country, but not one every ikon, every slightest detail In monks .alarm grew. Most of them single hen plenty of rams but no the services, exist in 1935 exactly had not seen a woman In five enty ewes herds of steers and bulls but as 1,000 years, and couldn't be sura ago. years not a cow can be found. There are The first generations of Athonian whether this was one or not The thousands and thousands of cats monks rendered an incalculable boy had short hair, but it was all tom; Innumerable dogs, all service to for they pos- strangely soft and fine. His voice humanity, male. Only female birds and fe- sessed cultural as well as spiritual was like a girl's, and there was no male Insects have been able to fly Into their monasteries sign of a beard. . . and yet the figure strength. or crawl to the states great anthey brought all the previously writ- was a boyi figure. noyance across the border. ten books they could lay their hands The puzzled monks did not All the four thousand inhabitants on. Sixth, Fifth, even Fourth cen- wish topoor humiliate their visitor if he wear long black beards and long tury manuscripts, collected from were a boy by expelling him for beg Is now alblack robes. Egypt and Arabia, Syria and the ing a girL But neither did they lowed. Instead, hair Is gathered In- East, found their way to Mount wish to be made fools of, or to have to a knot at the back of the neck Athos. lose caste, by sheltheir monastery and secured with hairpins. BaldAnd what has happened to these tering what seemed to be a female. ness is unknown. thousands of scholarly books? Have They tried every possible ruse, evThe people drink quantities of liq- they been saved? ery trick, that might reveal the sex uor, but singing is strictly prohibitNearly every one! rf their guest They even set spies ed. But the monks themselves who to watch the most Intimate manThe capital is called Karyes, have preserved all these ancient ners of the troublesome visitor. But which, when translated Into Engtreasures what sort of people are the visitor was on the alert relish, gives it the lovely and mellif- they after thirty generations with- mained as enigmatic as ever, and luous name of Nuts. out women and without children? left before the disthe monastery This community is the Holy Comtracted monks could come to any They're Done With Women. munity of Mount Athos. On maps To answer that question we must decision. it is included in Greek territory, The excitement continued from but actually it is as independent as first understand what sort of men come here and why they come, one night's lodging to the next It the moon. East of Salonika the map of They come mostly because the even began to precede the arrival Greece show three long narrow Eastern Orthodox church In Greece, of the three Danes. The boy-gimountainous peninsulas extending Russia, Serbia and Bulgaria, has became the scandal, the sensation, like three Infuriated sausages into so emphasized the literal bliss of a the consternation of the entire penthe Aegean sea. Of these Athos Is physical heaven and literal tor- insula. The battle over the sex of l the the easternmost thirty miles long ments of a physical hell, that raged up and down the and five wide. Its base, however, Is minded youths slopes of the peak of Athos. The so flat and narrow that King Xerxes (particularly in times past) have monasteries where the disturbing of Persia, bringing his fleet to Athfled to Athos believing tht only by visitor hod set foot. In self defense swore it was a boy. The monasens for a conquest of Greece, easily a life of abstinence and u can they hope to escape teries not so honored. In a cut a canal across the isthmus to mood, swore It was a girl save his ships having to round the from eternal frying in tire fires of p.ormy point. Rising above the hclL With a lot of women around, in disguise. would be much point is an abrupt and spectacular To tills day nobody knows the peak 6,000 feet high, of pure white harder. truth, but Mount Athos still smokes marble. There are other monks, with with the controversy. s And on the rugged and antically-inclined C Dell Syndicate. WNU Servlet. natures, who By RICHARD HALLIBURTON Author of "The Royal Road to Romance, etc. or THERE Rou-manl- a, one-thir- d ten-tw- Hair-cuttin- rl boy-gir- holier-than-tho- rom- |