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Show UINTAH BASIN RECORD Keeping Up Wife cienee iervfce , Science Service. WNU Service. Agriculture May and Antigens Told by Immunologist Old Stone Age? Chicago. A glimpse into of molecules the ultra-worl- d where the antigens of invading disease germs are fought by antibodies, police of physiologys realm, was given here by Dr. Sanford B. Hooker of Boston in the presidential address before the American Association of Immunologists. The defensive mechanism of the body is a complex of invisible physical and chemical forces and Dr. Hooker, reviewing current researches in a difficult field, gave his fellow medical scientists a picture of the Important antibody or germ fighter. It is considered to be a kind of protein molecule formed by certain body cells when influenced by the antigen evil stuff created by germs such as the toxin or poison of the diphtheria bacillus. This protein molecule, called antibody globulin, is different from other globulin molecules. It has, probably at the surface of each molecule, specific combining The antigen molecule, groups. formed by the bacteria, also has combining groups at its surface. The union of these two is important in producing immunity or resistance to disease. Patterns of Binding Points. Antigen molecules have many combining groups, not necessarily of the same kind. Antibody molecules, formed by the bodys cells, have each only one or a relatively few combining groups. The combining groups are thought of as more or less complex patterns of binding points. Those on the antibody molecule are distributed in a pattern that is the mirror image of the binding point pattern of antigens. And the antibody binding charges points have electrical which are the opposite of those carried by the antigen binding points. One kind of combining group, it is assumed, must contain at least three properly adapted points which differ from those of another kind of combining group in atomic nature, spacing and sign and strength of electric charge. Master-Ke- y Antibody Molecules. A single kind of antigen combining group, if sufficiently complex, may call forth somewhat different kinds of antibody. The perfect master-keantibody would be those which most faithfully and s completely reflect the physical which determine the specificity of the antigen. Such antibody would have binding molecules points which could unite effectively with the antigen binding points and neutralize the evil power of the antigen. The same antiserum, Dr. Hooker said, "may contain grades of more imperfect and dissociable antibodies extending to the poorest kind whose pattern is so incomplete as to have the least affinity permissive of any recognizable association with antigen. e anThe more of these tibodies in an antiserum, the more effective will be the serum in protecting against disease. y char-8vnr- high-grad- Waste Products of Farm Used to Make Better Roads A new Mo. with which durable Columbia, method roads can be built by simply adding to the soil a cheap chemical mixture of resini-fyin- g materials such as furfural and its derivatives, has been developed by Dr. Hans Winterkorn of the Missouri ,.r Glenn L. Martin and British Imperial Ainva). Are Building Planes to Begin Commercial Service. n, S Prof. Oswald Menghin of the Uniof Vienna thinks it possible. If he is correct in his conjecture, farming becomes a vastly older way of life than has usually been supposed. There is no doubt, of course, that agriculture was widespread and well developed in the New Stone age, whose beginnings were something like 20,000 years ago. Abundant archaeological evidence shows that men grew grain and kept herds in the Neolithic of Egypt, of Mesopotamia, of India, of China. We do not know the age in years of the agriculture in America, but there can be no question that it also arose in a Neolithic culture stage. Theory Based on Stone Blade. The common assumption has gone beyond this, and credited the Neolithic peoples with the actual invention of agriculture. To the Paleolithic, or Old Stone age, peoples is assigned merely the role of huntof wilder, fisher, and grubber-u- p growing roots. Prof. Menghin points out that in the Old Stone age, which almost certainly runs back 200,000 years and possibly much more, the distribution of one particular type of stone blade, well adapted for turning the soil, coincides with the genof plants with eral distribution-zon- e thick, edible roots and tubers. Could Be Used As a Hoe. This kind of blade is usually but it was called a hand-ax- , adapted to other uses than chopping wood. It could also be held in both hands as kind of a crude hoe or trowel, and so serve well as a grub- Jfr Havne OUrb X 1 1 XTOR shall private lic use, without Xwvoa W S000'LE3- .ew Comparative Distance in the Two Proposed :j) - Routes Are Shown In the Map Above. Trans-Atlant- ic TTTTFV by WILLIAM L. flying on regular schedule across the COMMERCIAL to Europe is expected to become a fact summer or early fall. Five years of rein the search, experiment and study have convinced the three the prospective operators of the two proposed routes that Pawide the time is at hand. Repeated success in flying cific and the blue Caribbean with the giant clipper ships has with the experience needed for flythe operators equipped ing the most important oceanic course of them all. S trans-Atlanti- trans-Atlant- ic miles an hour and cruising speed 164; this compares with 192 and 157 for the S42. of the new 42B is Two Trans-Atlanti- 201 Routes. c On many occasions the Supreme court, acting as our National Umpire, has been called upon to protect citizens under the clause. Sometimes it has saved citizens from losing their homes without being adequately compensated. The most notable instance involved Arlington, the home of Mrs. Robert E. Lee, wife of the Confederate general. Today it is the famous national cemetery across the Potomac from Washington, where rest our soldier dead. The new clipper is standing ready for the China run, which completes an air mail route circling more than half the world. Airline distance from New York to Hong Kong is about 11,600 miles, while the distance around the globe in that latitude is some 21,000 miles. The planes beat the fastest between surface transportation Hong Kong is about 11,600 miles, days, making the trip in 6 days. On the flight, two routes will be used, the southern route taking preference over the northern in bad weather. They were described by Louis Ludlow, congressman from Indiana who conducted hearings concerning the establishment of trans - Atlantic air mail rates: The distance by the Northern route from New York to London via Shediac, Nova Scotia, and Ireland, he explained, is 3,418 miles. The step-oi- l from Newfoundland to Ireland is a sheer distance of more than 2,000 miles over water, without any landing places. By the Southern route the distance from New York to London is about 5,000 miles, but the hazard of flight is trans-Atlant- termlnii and to 8et there' 8S intermediate landing points are con- trolled by the British. This is true as to Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Ireland on the northern route, and Bermuda and the Azores on the southern route. The Azores are Portuguese territory, but conceded to be under the British sphere of influence. The Post Office department visu- alizes immediate success for the service and a complete fulfillment of expectations in a big way, LudWhether or not low continued. its optimism is well founded remains to be seen, but certainly all of the factors of success seem to be in the equation. The air mail c postage rate proposed for mail is 25 cents per letter of f ounce and 25 cents additional for each half ounce or fraction thereof. This compares with the existing foreign mail rate of 5 cents an ounce and 3 cents for each additional half ounce. The service contemplates the use of air mail all the way from point of origin to point of destination, Based on close calculation of the prospective volume of mail, the department predicts that at the rate, the revenues would pay the contractual obligations at $2 per mile and the service would be from the start, which would differentiate it very markedly from the air service to China, which, although it has been in operation since November 22, 1935, still registers a big annual deficit Air Mail $2 a Mile. The picture of the air mail that is in the minds of the Post Office department officials visualizes London as the funnel through which air mail from all over Europe will be gathered and sent to America. On the other hand, New York is trans-Atlanti- one-hal- nt trans-Atlant- Ifloat. airways already has two Berlin. Gold in them thar Imperial giant flying ships, the Cavalier and hills? Certainly. There is the Caledonia, engaged, in experiin every hill, in the dirt mental flights in preparation for the gold service. Two other under your feet in fact, gold C of trans-Atlant- on earth. Not only gold, but radium, platinum, common iron and lead, and every one of the whole list of 92 elements known to chemistry. There may be so little that they can't be measured by even the most delicate of commonly used chemical methods of analysis, but they are all present just the same. This doctrine of the "omnipresence of all elements is put forth by Drs. Walter and Ida Noddack, German chemists famous for their discovery of the two exceedingly rare elements, rhenium and masurium. .The Noddacks are masters of some of the most sensitive methods of analysis ever devised, so that they are entitled to speak with authority. Mixed in Fluid Form. This complete mixing of all the earths ingredients, they hold, took place back near the beginning of geologic history, when the earth was still in fluid form, and boiling actively. The practical significance of the idea of elemental omnipresence is, that chemists should always state to how many decimal places they have carried any given analysis. They are not entitled to say of any or conelement, not present, centration zero, but only, not found in the concentration examined. This point of view, the Noddacks believe, has real significance for chemical analysis as used in industry, medicine, and many other daily-lif- e applications. The fundamental Idea is very sim pie: hydrogen and hydrogen compounds are present In the airships lifting gas; the air contains plenty of oxygen to combine with them and form water. Thus instead of valving gas and thereby losing valuable lift, Herr Schirmer's invention will .ransform it into ballast, thus making a double gravitational gain. It is the reverse of lifting oneself by the bootstraps. of of our federal Constitution. Boston type, have this, the seen in experimental service over for several be Mediterranean months; one of them not long ago established a record of 13 hours and 35 minutes for the 2,000 miles !rom Southampton to Alexandria. more type C ships Twenty-fou- r lave been ordered. The total cost if the fleet will approximate t ' ' ) They are a type of trans-oonew to the British. They are 5 comparable ki many ways to the 2.V, v of Jkorsky clippers . small-arilthough they are somewhat One of tlie Giant China Clippers of They carry a gross weight of Ships of This Type Will Probably Be i6,000 pounds as against 42,000 for 88 the Sikorsky. They are feet long, relieved by numerous landing J4 feet high and have a wing span The various legs of this places. if 114 feet. Their four Pegasus flight are as follows: New York to engines are capable Bermuda, 773 miles; Bermuda to if a top speed of 210 miles an hour Azores, 2,067 miles; Azores to Lisand a cruising speed of ICO to 170 bon, 1,050 miles; Lisbon to Gironde, miles an hour. 609 miles; Gironde to London, 500 The plan is to use these planes miles; total, 4,999 miles. for passengers only on flights beThe northern route, it will be tween New York and Hamilton, Beris the shorter of the two routes muda; on such flights they will seen,more than 1,500 miles, but the by 18 to in crew. addition the ;arry factors are on the side of They will be used for air mail only, safety m the hop across the Atlantic to the southern route, and will be until more experience has been acEurope, carrying only first and sec-m- d in combating storms and ice quired pilots, ship's clerk, radio op- in the high northern latitudes. Unerator and steward. til such time, therefore, it is exUnbroken Safety Record, pected that most of the flying will Claims to be ready be by the southern route, which c to begin flying at a is safe at all seasons of the year. moments notice. It has available The scheduled time for making the many crews enriched by the experiflight by the northern route will be ence of five years of flying over the between 24 and 30 hours and by Caribbean sea. The route from Mi- the southern route between 36 and ami to Panama was for years the 40 hours. When we recall that the hop on any of fastest steamships longest over-watthe Queen the world's commercial airlines. Mary and the Normandie consume Since the first flight was made 4 days and 20 hours making the over this route on December 2, 1930, trip from port to port, the line has made two regularly we have an idea of the extent to scheduled round trip flights a week. which the new air service will In a total of 2,400 crossings there quicken mail, passenger and exhas never been an accident of any press transportation. kind, and only a few hops were War Department Approves. canceled because of hurricanes. Two departments of the governhas also flown dozens of successful flights from San ment the Post Office department Franciscq to Manila. With the early and th4 State department are difficulties ironed cut it is now pos- deeply interested in the establishsible to extend the flights all the ment of this air servthe Indiana legislator told ice, way to China. members of the house. A new addition to the Martin clipIt also is has in cordially approved by the War depers which service on its Pacific route is a partment, which secs nothing objecSikorsky 42B, larger than any of the tionable to it from a national deten Sikorsky clippers now being fense standpoint. As an argument flown to the West Indies and Panagainst delay it is contended that it ama. It is larger and improved would be in the interest of America over the earlier which pioneered to close the matter at once while it the Pacific route, its gross weight has British acquiescence. It is pointed out that the United being 42.000 pounds as compared with 38,000 pounds for the earlier States has no way to send air mail The wing span is 118 feet to Europe now, or at any time in Type. against the old 114 feet. Top speed the future, unless Britaui allows it ships v trans-Atlanti- trans-Atlanti- c trans-Atlanti- c Union Takes Arlington. Here Is the story from tie records of the court: During the war between the states. Union forces took possession of Arlington, and the wife of the famed southern leader was forced to retire behind the Confederate lines. In 1862, Congress passed a bill entitled, An Act for the Collection of Direct Taxes in the Insurrectionary Districts within the United States. Under this measure commissioners were appointed to levy and collect taxes and, in default of payment, to sell the property against which they were charged. Various rules were drafted by the appointed commissioners. One provided that property taxes in the district including Arlington had to be paid by the owner in person. On January 11, 1864, taxes to the sum of $92.07 were due on the Lee estate. Since she was behind the Confederate lines, Mrs. Lee was unable to appear personally to pay them. She sent an agent to make the payment for her, but, because of the arbitrary rule, the money was refused. Then the estate was sold to pay the taxes. The United States gov' ernment bid it in. Confirms Lower Court. Mrs. Robert E. Lee died in 1872, and her son inherited the right to reclaim the estate. Asserting that the government claim to his boyhood home was unjust, he petitioned congress to return it to him. When that effort failed he instituted suit against the officers in charge. The lower court decided that the tax sale was invalid, and, therefore, the United States had no rightful title to the property. But the department of justice appealed. The case vent to the Supreme court of the United States for a decision. It affirmed the lower court. Referring in its opinion to the 5th Amendment of our Constitution the Amendment which provides that: be deprived No person shall of life, liberty, or property without due process of law nor shall private property be taken for public use the without just compensation, Supreme court said: If this Constitutional provision is a sufficient authority for the court to interfere to rescue a prisoner from the hands of those holding him under the asserted authority of the government, what reason is there that the same courts shall not give remedy to the citizen whose property has been seized without due process of law, and devoted to public use without just compensation? Lee Sells Home to U. S. ... rt Ready to Take Off. Used on the Trans-AtlantRoute. ic visualized as the funnel through which mail coming from the Orient, all countries in the Western Hemisphere north of Brazil, and all of the United States will pass on the wa $ to London and points in Europe. From Hong Kong to San Francisco is six days by the China Clipper service; from San Francisco to New York is one day by fast plane, and from New York to London will be 30 hours, so that mail from Hong Kong crossing North America will reach London in eight c or ninq days by airtrans-Atlanti- mail. While the contract for carrying c the air mail at a maximum cost of $2 a mile will be awarded on the basis of competitive bids, it is believed there is only one company in America capable of executing such a huge contract, and that is the which carries the mail to South America, Alaska and China. In England a like situation prevails, where Imperial airways, a government-subsidizeconcern, is the outstanding aviation company. It is probable that the service would start with trans-Atlanti- d e the clippers that pioneered the Pacific, but testimony before our subcommittee described plans for constructing enormous new ships for this service, one of 60 tons and one of 125 tons. The China Clipper ships now in operation are about 25 or 28 tons, with a wing spread of 130 feet. The new ships will be immensely larger. It will be written Into the contract that all airships used in this American postal service must be built in America and that the contractor shall employ only Americans. The Post Office department and State department believe after exhaustive investigations that air mail will be very profitable and desirable from the standpoint of America. four-engin- tsans-Atlant- trans-Atlanti- Western Newspaper Union. c Chicken Salad. quart cold chicken pint finely cut celerv 3 hard-boileeggs 2 cupfuls mayonnaise Small bottle of olives Salt to taste Paprika just compen- Thats from the Bill Rights, an important part s. Found in Every Part of Earth prop-- sation. airways and Impe-rial airways (of Great Britain) have long been making preparations for joint operation which would involve four round trip crossings per week. Recently a third party, Glenn L. Martin, announced plans of comc service. peting in the Martin was the builder of most of the great clippers now flying the Pacific and of many of the armys most successful bombardment planes over a span of 18 years. For his service Martin has designed the largest transport flying boat ever built. For construction of ships of this type his Baltimore plant, which was taxed to the limit in the building of the Pacific clippers, is being enlarged. The type of ship he is building for bing tool. service will carry 40 pasConjectures on the Neolithic ori- sengers, 5,000 pounds of mail and gin of agriculture usually picture fuel enough for 5,000 miles of nonmen of the New Stone age as gath- stop flying at a cruising speed of ering wild grains and other food 175 miles an hour. .plants, and then discovering acciBritish Have Two Ships. dentally that they could be sown. At such a rate of speed it would Professor Menghin carries the same mode of reasoning back to his be possible to make the crossing from west to east to continental If Old Stone age could spill barley grains Europe in 18 hours, and to make the and see them grow, why should not return trip, against prevailing Paleolithiker lose a few parsnips winds, in 21 hours. This is about equal to the time required by limand later find them sprouting? ited railroad trains between Chicago and New York. It is faster by four full days than the Atlantic crossings of the Queen Mary and the Normandie, the two fastest liners particle Recipe a.,: 1N erty be taken for pub- ii iwotf versity in every mineral AND HOW IT WORKS ARLINGTON and the Bill of Rights THONE Tsmtu ;y COURT By ROBERT MERRILL College of Agriculture. The chemicals are obtained primarily from waste agricul- Airships to Make Own tural products products Ballast While Aloft grown in the average cropBerlin. Zeppelins of the fuping system of a midwestern farmer. ture will be able to take off The process will make it poswithout ballast, and once In sible to build satisfactory surfaces the air will manufacture in many places where gravel crushed rock, and other aggregates water, with a new reaction are not readily available. The meth- chamber invented by Ludwig od also Is expected to be used exSchirmer of this city. the base tensively in establishing for concrete and other types of highway surfacing. The surface created by the method has remarkable tensile strength and water resistance. Its tensile strength has bern tested and in dry condition amounts to some 200 pounds per square inch. The material has been left In water 38 days without noticeable disintegration taking place. Pan-America- agriculture have its beginnings In the DID SUPREME . Theory Set Forth by Menghin of Vienna Ey DE. FRANK The -- Have Had Beginning in Old Stone Age War of Antibodies Defensive Mechanism of the Body is Complex MAP TRANS ATLANTIC AIR ROUTE Thus the Supreme court had upheld the Lee title but while the government was in possession, it had converted part of the estate into the cemetery and buried thousands of soldiers and sailors there. Another part had been made into a military post. Lee, therefore, agreed to sell Arlington to the United States and the government acquired title after just compensation. That was an outstanding case, but in other cases, too, the Supreme court has assured similar protection to men and women who appealed to it for justice. On one occasion a citizens property was taken by government officers under the impression that the ground had been ceded to the United States in an Indian treaty. An appeal carried up to the Supreme court resulted in its restoration the owner, even though the government had erected a garrison and other buildings on It Joint the dressed chicken boil until tender. Allow t j it then cut into small pieces I required amount is obtain J on y the whitest celery, with coarse strings. Cut 1 the eggs, not too fine. J en. celery, eggs and seJJ A11?w ihfL mature J1 to stand a little French dressing for hour or more in a cool To serve, the mayonnaise nj mixed with the chicken or tad ideen isive accorfcc ,i obsi at a ca Serve on fresh lettuce Garnish with slices of the Kt egg and stuffed olives. paprika. Copyright. that , I reS'n taste orla 1 a, Sti e awe .an 1 at a WNU Service. then for a Foreign Words and Phrases ir ben ;ht V ais h ideeir Toute medaille a son re (F.) Everything has its good i its bad side. Chacun pour soi et Dieu p tous. (F.) Everybody for hr s and God for all of us. Je suis, (F.) I am. Ad nauseam. (L.) To the p of disgust. Argumentum ad absurdum, ' An argument intended to the absurdity of an opponent i gument. Pater patriae. (L.) The fc of his country. it of 'Barrel a sand she Ma Mage scandaieuse. er slie Entracte. rd ( am rs ja a and whei r Mage i and s kes nice i (F nfathe refu s a dy Magda rdy b richesse. (F.) scof a re nas of material. Oversupply na er scandalous story. Bon marche. (F.) A bargair Empressement. (F.) Eager:; Embarras de a it p Chronique te. a eil nu nth Li Between acts. Laissez ces vains scrupi (F.) Discard or lay aside t vain scruples. While Eu o i hotel cmri Bont IVhcn Gas Presses flee? s was aarrov redden Jinny, 'erdys If you want to really GET RID J GAS and terrible bloating, dont tr to do it by Just doctoring yourstorl kets with harsh, irritating alkalies and ir tablets. Most GAS la lodged ard stomach and upper intestine in due to old poisonous matter constipated bowels that are bacteria. with If your constipation is of long stn of Ing, enormous quantitiesThen your accumulate. often gestion is upset. GAS life iwpri heart and lungs, making Your You cant eat or sleep. sches. Your back aches. Young plexion Is sallow and pimply, breath Is foul. You are a sick, gror wretched unhappy person, 6YSTEM IS POISONED. have tout Thousands of sufferers Adlerika the quick. harmful ba. rid their systems ofof 9a and' Adlerika rids y foul poisons out of BOTH upper bo lower bowels. Give your REAL cleansing with Adlerika. not rid of GAS. Adlerika does At all te IS not habit forming. Druggists. a you 3 tt Do, ayly. Bi to lo ably I abou are And pr sent-i- r is five her as b; lyir h we ramg, ten th Ida te ler happe fte're yonr We want a capable wnmin inoaofoM to reprcsentnamthedulnUiit rato It al ly perfected lin-- of Coernet dmir mores and discnminaiina la t P thia modern creation f i distinctive qtt.it it ms - At and Bkin , bkln Oily ltry M iwue.tortimm'v , of Transparent ream and Velvet Tissue I ( aiiffimat y Retail value IS i 00. l I , merits Rossi hi 76 ea for Investment, ti for demontfiationc -" affair, other n' possesa Bales a hi lit y. WI,e-Kassoe ML 4530 DEE LABORATORIES, Mi ne, WAXTED W03IE3T ab oke you that was the sign day i ; es. a When wont admit n "d Mans Way man is won ge it, he always pla ar.den iewn he gry, Ilaliburton. a bu i the ci eadily .ble w e To Get Rid of cf. androisonousU- Your kidney y5ur from the functionally rcm0ve excess imPb of poisoning d .stress. body-wid- t M'" IjmIp lyi( disorder by mat asked, fog. it d May sow, ,9 e d ' You may peraiatent headache, fll yetting up 'h1 under the eyw-l- " pl in bucd medicine that hu serial m C fwi ,bly known. tuda . of (rratclul r, lens.. Ak ' 'the ei S.ol eak, arrow pf urse! te cor mg couiik it to fi'j l( Wa even j !y Ar Jt with Western Newspaper Union. Find Oil, Coal, Salt in Arctio Oil, coal and salt deposits were discovered in the Russian Arctic by expeditions which returned to Moscow. Salt layers at a depth of 1,000 feet were discovered in numerous places. Salt domes were uncovered on the Taimyr coast of Khatanga bay and near Kozhevnikov bay. Coal deposits several yards deep were found along the Khatanga and Ana-brivers by two expeditions which covered more than 1,500 miles by boat, and on foot. Combustible bituminous slates, which can be used as fuel, are along the upper reaches of the Anabar river. These layers seem to be connected with the strata recently found on the Olcnek river. ar vakone I love the soft 01 W chrt' fPf I love the son 'was i rking fiiiec hdion. door i I aXo5t h.tBJ: 'ft c rd. to sleep miss And that vy. ,;rp is, j ered 'W S' ar snn ft It r fr fore her X t She v only ,nt;as v |