| Show RECORD OF 1926 THE WORLD OVER more noteworthy events or past twelvemonth in this country and other lands U S MOST prosperous republican reverses in elections germany admitted to the league of nations spain and brazil with drawing fascist state in italy aerial con quest of the north pole by EDWARD W PICKARD unprecedented 3 of industries in the united states germany s admission readmission re to the family of great powers mussolini g establishment of the complete fascist state in italy in augur atlon of the contest between the mexican government and the roman catholic church in that republic the areat headway made by the cantonese armies in their effort to control all of china the double conquest of the north pole by air and the severe reverses sustained by the republican party of this country in the fall elections such may be considered th outstanding features of the ear other events of considerable tance were the coup by which marsh il made himself the master of poland the disastrous attempt of british organized abor to aid the striking miners by a general strike the negotiations of arland and mann to restore friendly relations be tween france and germany threats of a rupture of diplomatic relations between the united states and mexico over the mexican land and oil laws the decision of the imperial conference that the british dominions shall here after be autonomous and equal corn inanities within the empire the break down of the efforts to settle the tac ca arica dispute between peru and chile by a plebiscite and the devising of a more hopeful plan the tornado that swept across southern florida and the tour of queen marle of rumania through the united states and canada international AFFAIRS germanas germanys Germ anys admission to member chip in the league of nations at the september session permanent seat hi the council generally lecog as a necessity in the lion of europe was not without bitter wrangling and resulted in the loss to the league of spain and brazil those nations and poland had demanded that the council be enlarged and that chev too be given perma nent seats this great britain would not permit but poland wa fled by the device of creating deml per seats one of which was given her spain and brazil both gave for mal notice of their withdraw il from the league leigue in the election of mem hers of the council there were some surprises poland chile and rumania were given the three year seats and poland was declared re eligible col embla holland and clile were elect ed for two years and single year ehen to czechoslovakia belgium and salvador uruguay bad been conald cred a certain choice but six central states combined against her and her candidacy wai withdrawn ahe application of 1 arkey for mem in the league was received but action was postponed for a beir A special meeting of the league was held in march for the purpose of receiving germany s but alie fight over the constitution of the aoun ell was so determined eliat the whole matter was postponed until alie regu lar meeting after it had been settled as related above foreign ministers arland and emann slipped awn to the village of tholey and began am negotiations for the reston alon of full amity between france and arland 8 peace policy vm later attacked in the I 1 rench chamber but he had a majority behind him and carried it forward with good proa 1 acts of success ai this time mann was pressing for an early and complete evacuation of the rhineland by the allies and he also deni that the allied commission for til control of german armament turn over duties to the 1 eague of nations on 27 the united enate voted for american adherence to the orld but with five res llie forty nations members of 1 c court were r and during the seven of the smallest accept rd the reservations but a con api once of the members was called to meet in aneva september I 1 the united states to participate and strong opposition developed to tills fifth res A committee studied the question and recommended that all lie reservations be accepted but put upon the fifth an that 1 resident cooledge declared did not meet the requirement of the seann among the treaties signed those between germany and russia giuly and spain france and rumania and an agreement between great brit eln and turkey ending their dysput over the oil region by comeri com bilge despite these pacts and the efforts of arland bidann and others the prospects for the complete restoration of amity among the nations of europe vere nono too bright when the council of he league of nations assembled or its december meeting france was salu insisting on security against ger man aggression on her and her allies to the east as a condition for alon of the and the der of allied control of german arma ments and germany was equally in that since she had been ad matted to the league of nations she must be given full confidence and in dependence A compromise was reached whereby the control of german armaments wilt be transferred to a league of notions committee on february I 1 refunding agreements with all our debtors were completed except with france M berenger sent to wash ington as amba ador to negotiate a settlement succeeded so tar as thi united states was concerned but fie french government was halted in every effort to have the very liberal terms accepted by the parliament meanwhile france arranged a settle of her debt to great britain throughout the ear there was an in creasing though demand in france that the united states cancel the french debt abd el irim the leader of the lilt flans continued his warfare against the french and spanish in morocco until near the end of may when ha headquarters at having been captured he surrendered to the french by whom he was later sent into exile maj gen W lellam lassater Lass lter took over n january the ungrateful alon of president of tacna araca commission and was no more successful than his predecessor gen eral pershing in settling the old con troverse tro versy between peru and chile so in june the whole plebiscite plan was abandoned secretary of state kel logg late in november offered adoth er scheme that seemed more promising tills was for chile and peru to cede the disputed provinces to bolivia for certain monetary considerations and with the condition that they be maintained forever as a demilitarized zone with the city of araca a free port relations between washington and mexico city were not very friendly during the bear owing to our govern ment s repeated protests against the retroactive features of the mexican land and oil laws which were due to go into effect on january 1 1927 president calles go eminent was in its refusal to modify the laws and secretary kellogg Iel logg warned it on october SO that diplomatic relations would be severed if american properties be confiscated the aeronautical conquest of the north pole should be classed as an international event on may 7 the italian built dirigible norge reached ready f caro captain amundsen and his expedition over the pole but two days later before it started I 1 teu tenant commander rich ard C byrd C S N and hoyd ben nett hopped off from spitsbergen in an airplane and flew to the top of the world ahey located the pole but finding no landing place circled about it thrice and returned on kiy 11 the norge started next day it passed over the pole and on may 13 it land ed safely at leller alaska alth Aiu were 1 lincoln ellsworth of the united states who helped nuance the expedition and cot nalle of italy pilot of the dirigible alie nobel peace prize for 19 G was V ice president charles 0 dawes and sir austen chamber lain that for ioja was divided between arland nud gustav foreign AFFAIRS progress toward economic normally norm allt in great britain was sadly interrupted by the general t of organized labor undertaken in behalf of the striking coul miners who had quit work on may 1 rather than accept reduced wages at midnight mav three million skilled work obeyed the order to strike abely the eminent put opera alon the elaborate it had prepared for the to carry on the services essential to the life and health of the people and to preserve the pence prime minister baldwin declared lie cimeral strike was 0 challenge to the constitutional rights and freedom of alie nation and he would consider no compromise thousands of volunteers assisted in ane distribution of food and fuel in in atles which were most affected a ij troops and were 11 critical fol of course i general wan panned but the people carrad on and the labur bcd aro boon realized alint aliey were beaten on may 12 the arnde union council lie general binke with the problems of the coal industry Indu as far as eier from solution not only did the strike coit the nation hue sums but hie new trade that follow cd its collapse were on the whole advantageous to the employers una II 11 was that even if a general strike were not as was contended by eral nent authorities it wis i futile and even dangerous weapon for the unions to use though no of alie miners strike was reached of ilie inca unable longer to endure the employment returned to the pits under separate wage agreements an ancillary effee of the great was the crisis in the I 1 party with the exchange of bitter by those old rivals clovd george and lord oxford and asquith ihla led to the resignation of asquith the of the ariy which lie had held t lm v luja the ninth imperial conference opened in london on october IS and lasted six weeks was epochal in its deliberations and decisions especially in its declaration that hence forth the dominions are in theory as well as in fact autonomous units ol 01 the empire equal in all respects als of national revealed that the dominions while ready to do their part in the matter of land forces were hot willing to share the expenses of the navy and in they de to help pay for the creation 0 tho great naval base planned tor sin dapore the dominions hereafter will make their own treaties foreign nations aad those that desire it will have aneli own diplomatic re presenta tires abroad canada aheady ah eady jias named vincent massey its minister to mackenzie king s liberal government in canada resigned in june because governor general byng would not dis solve parliament and arthur conservative headed the mw cabinet I 1 he parliament was then dissolved and on september 14 general elec tlona were held which resulted in a crushing defeat for the liberals and he return of mr king to power baron ding was succeeded by lord willingdon as governor general on december I 1 the province of on tario voted overwhelmingly in favor of abandoning its prohibition law and substituting a of liquor sales under government control I 1 his left ew hova and irinco edward island the only dr canadian provinces france bad her usual succession of governments during the year each try ing to settle the country s financial and economic problems and most of them being the victims of political scheming brian d tried several times berrlot once and finally raymon coln caare was made premier in july and formed a cabinet containing six ex premiers and with strong tary backing ue put through alon for raising funds by additional taxes and the sale of government monopolies and parliament sitting as a national assembly passed amendments embodying his project for a sinking fund to redeem the floating debt he also inaugurated national economic measures beginning with food restrictions late in the year france named as her ambassador to washington her most distinguished living man of let paul louis charles claudel who also Is an accomplished diplomat germany made considerable progress in climbing back to her old economic position but was disturbed continual ly by political disputes the royalists being troublesome dr bans luther who was re appointed chan ellor in january resigned in may because he was censured by the belch stag on a minor issue dr welhelm mars succeeded him and carried on his policies on december 17 the cabinet being unable to main tain its majority in the resigned but continued to function tern pora rily the military and catholic parties of lithuania overthrew the socialist government on december 17 and two days later antona was sworn in as president premier mussolini tor another year kept himself and italy largely in the public eve and the strongest opponents of his theories and policies could not deny that the was prospering under his at least for tha time being he completed the suppression of the malla in sicily he put through a law strikes and giving the I 1 libor unions a monopoly he decreed a nine hour working day and prohibited luxuries he abol the election of municipal officials and anally on may 19 lie proclaimed the inauguration of the complete fascist form of government for italy lie quarreled with germany over tt s tirol with trance because antl I plot tera did their plotting there und stopped other balkan na alons from helping revolutionists in albania by signing a treaty with achmed augus and bissu ing a hands off eu times the duce was attacked several limes by ass assumma usma but suffered no in jury save a wound in the tahi ugh the republic of poland wis huking nuking economic r premier he iv as toned to lo 10 M ly because tie tu leduce the tat and ahe p roand on the mate railways allo became premier but no change of policies rin burthal Mur thal tin aai of put af the tirui staged a LOUR and occupied and ehg after a three day liatas became acting president aud but the was aliu actual was president soon after in sp the parliament cut down the budget ko the cabinet stepped out and took flip gen T 11 Pang ulos proclaimed ddn belt dictator of greece on january 3 and was president three months later but in august the lib brals under the leadership of ove threw hani in septem her 11 revolt against the con alls regime was suppressed after a sanguinary battle after the elections in Jove rober alexander was appointed premier dictator de alvera and the royal dynasty of spain sur alved several plots for their detrio alon the most serious of which was planned also fur the establishment of an independent state and was exposed by tho french police portugal had hir share of attempted revolts too commander Cabe cudas look rul in amny president machado on june 17 gin gomes da w costa declared himself head of the government and on july 5 te was supplanted by general carmona ahu assumed the presidency late a novell rumania was a the sev eral times in the year karay in jan uary the four year old prince michae was proclaimed heir apparent in place of his father prince carol the latter having abandoned his wife renounced his rights and gone to paris with an other woman A regency was to serve in th event of king 1 erdl bands death the whole incident was replete with romance and sensa centering on carols love at fairs and political quarrels wh pre aler lano october queen marle made an extended our through states aind canada bring ing prince nicolis and princes alcana wild her reports of the unga serious illness reaching her she hurried home to forestall a rumored plot to put carol on the throne the Bt ruggle between state and church iff mexico which has been go ing on since the middle of the last cen tuo reached a critical biage with the determination of president calles to put into full effect alie clauses of the constitution relating to priests and property held by the catholic church the former were required to register and the latter nominally the property of toe state was taken over by civil officials all foreign clergymen were required to ceabe their ministration and all discussion of the controversy in print and criticism of the funda mental law were forbidden there were many arrests some deportations and occasional riots bur in general the church deplored any violence on the part of its supporters catholics the world over from the pope down joined in denouncing calles policy but he continued unmoved the |
