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Show THE INDEPENDENT. wwiam i'. Gibson, - - Editor. E. N. Jordan, Business Manager. 1 Entered at the Post Office at SpringrlUe. Utah, matter" n thrjU8tl tb second-class Issued Every Thursday Morning. TERMS OF SIBSCRIPTION. One Year m Six Months T m Three Months "' "'.'VMW'.'YM'.W 50 ASK FOR ADVERTISING RATES. LEGEND OF DON SUAN. Where Byron Got the Theme for His Most Famous Poem. ""he simplest form of the story, according ac-cording to M. Antoine Latour, who hunted this "belle legende" to its source in 1855, seems to be that Don Juan Tenorio killed the Comendador Ulloa, whose daughter he had stolen "away. The Comendador was buried in the chapel of the Franciscan Convert, into which, it was rumored, Don Juan forced his way for the purpose of insulting in-sulting the tomb of his victim, whereupon where-upon the effigy, descending Torn its niche, seized upon the offender and bore him body and soul to the ir.f mal regions; the most probable explanation being, however, that the monl in order or-der to check the atrocious c.reer of Don Juan, enticed him within their walls whence he never came forth. The idea of the "talking statue" was first utilized by Lope de Vega, who lived near to the time of Don Juan; next, AirF; de Molina gives the complete com-plete legend in his play entitled "El Burlador de Sevilla; or. El Convidado de Pedra" (The Mocker of Seville; or, the Marble Guest). A century later Antonio Zamora uses it again in a p'ay translated "All Debts Must be Paid;" Moliere presents it in "Le Festin de Pierre," laying the scene in Sicily.how-ever, Sicily.how-ever, and improving the character of Don Juan so little that his audiences were shocked and- his play prohibited and forgotten. His Don Juan was more a citizen of the world than a Spaniard, and the legend had become familiarly known all over Europe and flourished as a favorite theme for puppet shows and pantomimes. It had appeared in England in Shadwell's play, called 'The Libertine," and at a later day Byron took possession of the name, saying: "I'll therefore take our ancient friend Don Juan, We all have seen him in the pantomime panto-mime Sent to the devil somewhat ere his time " But his hero is by no means a resurrection res-urrection of him of the Spanish legend; leg-end; he is only a peg on which to hang another and no better story. Finally Mozart and his libretist, the Abbe Da Ponte, took it up, eliminated some of its mo.-l repugnant features, and gave us the opera of "Don Giovanni." Gio-vanni." Poet Lore. THE WINDOW OYSTER. ifueer Shell That Servon as Substitute for a4 In Manila. In Manila, where '.here is an interesting inter-esting field open to the naturalist, the natives have a queer substitute for glass. It is a bivalve shell of about nine inches of surface, sc transparent that print can readily be seen through it, and admitting a mellow lignt in a room where it is used as window glass. The shell is an attractive object, ob-ject, perfectly straight, and in appearance appear-ance resembles isinglass. One could almost imagine that it was some skilful invention of the natives, could not the growth rings be readily observed. ob-served. The outer side of the shell is perceptibly rough, while the interior is perfectly glared over, and in the light has the pearly luster found in many of the thin-shelled oyster-like mol-lusks mol-lusks of the tropics. The shell Is the placuna placentia of science, and is. well kt own in China, the common name being the Chinese window oyster. oys-ter. It is employed there also for windows, win-dows, and used in lanterns. The Chinese Chi-nese griDd up the shell and make from it the silver paint so common in their water collows. The bivalve is very common in the Philippines, and forms a very good and cheap substitute substi-tute for glass; one that is extremely mzfiiiuus auu tuggrsme ui me value of shells. THE MOONSHINER EXPLAINED. A Georgia revenue man had a novel experience recently with a moonshiner In a suspected district. Early one morning he discovered an old man standing near a grave in the mountain region. But the trouble about this grave was that the revenue man had observed ob-served smoke issuing from the place where the headboard should have been. He surprised the old man, who immediately im-mediately feigned great sorrow, explaining ex-plaining his presence there by the statement that his brother was buried there. At the mention of his brother he feigned great grief and said he "never would get over it it wuz sich a hard dispensation of Providence." "Bui isn't it peculiar," said the revenue rev-enue man, "that I see a stovepipe at the head of his grave, and smoke issuing is-suing therefrom?" "Stranger." replied the weeping moonshintr. "he died in 1113 sins, an" hit's my opinion they're a-roastin' of him down below." Atlanta Constitution. Constitu-tion. Density In Phllllplnes. Americans can hardly realize how densely some of the Philippine possessions posses-sions are peopled. Malolos is less than thirty miles from Manila, yet day after day the American columns advanced through towns and cities from 1,000 to 10,000 population. The fact is, as shown by the latest census, that the population of tht whole island of Luzon Lu-zon averages more to the square mile than many narU of the United States. By the census of 18SC, Illlaois had sixty-fight persons to the square mile of territory, and Indiana had sixty-one. sixty-one. Luzon, by the census of 1889, had seventy-r'.ne. There are parts of Luzon Lu-zon which are mountainous and almost al-most uninhabited. The population is concentrated largely in the richer portions. por-tions. In many provinces the population popula-tion exceeds 200 to the square mile, which-Is greater in density than is found in any state of this country except ex-cept Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Luzon is not nearly the most densely populated island of the Philippines. The entire Island of Cebu averages 210 people to the square mile, while Bohol has 188 and Panay has 156. St. Louis Globe-Democrat. Many a man win spend five times the amount in a day for drinks and cigars who thinks 50 cents for new asparagus an extravagance. I FR0M THE SOUTH SEAS CAPT. DE GERLACHE SAW THE WONDERS OF NATURE. On Dli Way Home Again to Brussels Will Hake an Extended Report of His Discoveries to Ills Own Government Region of Iceberg. Several members of the Belgian expedition ex-pedition to the south pole have arrived ar-rived at Montevideo. They are returning return-ing to Europe with a mass of valuable valua-ble data for science. The men are Raol Amundsen, officer of the steamer steam-er Belgica, which carried the expedition; expedi-tion; M. Dobropolski of the meteorological meteoro-logical service, and Henry Artowski, naturalist. These gentlemen do not desire to tell much about the results of the expedition. ex-pedition. However, it is said that the expedition got as far Eouth as 71 degrees de-grees 36 minutes latitude, and that land not. known previously was discovered dis-covered by Captain Adrien de Ger-lache, Ger-lache, commander of the enterprise. This new land, it is learned. was was called "Danco" by its discoverer. Captain Gerlache is still in Punta Arenas. It is his purpose to sail to Buenos Ayres to repair his ship, the Belgica. and he will then sail for Europe. Eu-rope. The new land was probably named in henor of Lieutenant Danco, who was in charge of the magnetic observation, ob-servation, and" who died in June last year. This Gerlache or Belgian expedition sailed from Antwerp on Aug. 16. 1897. The Belgica was well stocked and had on board a hardy crew and a nuiaber of scientific men. The crew counted twenty, and there were provisions stored away in the hold of the ship sufficient to last two years. The ship itself was formerly a whaling vessel and was especially reconstructed for this expedition. It has a displacement of 400 tons and thirty horse power engines, en-gines, which can develop a ten-knot speed if necessary. Captain Gerlache wa ably fitted for the work he had in hand and which he seems to have well performed. He studied engineering engineer-ing at the University of Brussels. He has followed the sea since 1885 and rose to the grade of captain in 1894. The government of Belgium appropriated appropri-ated 60,000 francs for the expedition and the city of Antwerp added to this the sum of $5,000. Although it discovered unknown land, the Gerlache expedition did not reach the farthest point south. This was done by Ross in 1811, when he CAPTAIN DE went south to 78 degrees and 10 minutes min-utes of latitude. That is the present record. SYNTHESIS ALMOST CREATIVE Geerets of the ' Living Laboratories In Animal ami Vegetable Cell. The news that Wonler had obtained in 1828 out of Inorganic stuffs a certain cer-tain substance, urea, which occurs in nature as a distinct product of vital activity ac-tivity in animals, upset cisrent ideas, says Prince Kropotkin in the Nineteenth Nine-teenth Century. Then, later on, Liebig in Germany and Franklin in this eoun-try eoun-try made several important syntheses, and in 1860 Berthelot published his epoch-making work, "Organic Chemistry, Chemis-try, Based Upon Synthesis," in which he proved that the synthesis of organic bodies must be pursued and may be achieved in a quite systematic way, going go-ing step by step over the whole series of organic compounds. At the present pres-ent time about 180 different acids, aromatic aro-matic oils, fats, coloring matters and so on, which are only found in nature as products of vital activity, have already al-ready been prepared in our laboratories out of inorganic matter. Some of them are already fabricated in this way for trade. Every year brings some new achievement in the same direction; so that the main interest now lies not so much in adding a new product to the already long list of chemically prepared pre-pared organic substances as in catching catch-ing the secrets of the tiny living laboratories in the vegetable and animal ani-mal cells. AN ANCIENT DWELLING. Said to Be the Oldest Stone Boose In New EngUnt. The ancient dwelling house In the town of Guilford, known as the "Old Stone House," is the oldest house In this state, and it is also said to be the oldest stone house in New England. A bill is pending in the legislature providing pro-viding for the purchase of the house by the state from its present owner, Mrs. Sarah B. Cone of Stockbridge, Mass., a lineal descendant of Rev. Henry Whitfield, the builder and original orig-inal owner. It is proposed to preserve the old landmark and convert it into a historical museum. The following description of the house is taken from Smith's "History of Guilford": "This house was erected by Rev. Henry Whitfield, both for the accommodation accom-modation of his family and as a fortification forti-fication against Indians. It is the oldest old-est stone dwelling house now standing in New England. This house was kept in its original form until 1863, when it underwent such a renovation as to change to some extent' its interior in-terior arrangement.although the north wall and large stone chimney are substantially sub-stantially the same as they have been for over two centuries. . It is said that the first Guilford marriage was celebrated cele-brated In it, the wedding table being garnished with pork and pease. According Ac-cording to tradition, the stone of which this house was built was brought by the Indians on handbar- rows across .the swamp from Griswold rock, a ledge about 80 rods east of the house. It consisted of two stories and an attic. At the southeast corner of the second floor there was a singular singu-lar embrasure commanding the approach ap-proach from the south and west, and evidently made for defensive purposes. In the attic were two recesses, evidently evi-dently intended as places of concealment." conceal-ment." Hartford Courant. KIPLING'S POPULARITY. A Magazine Author Who Seeti to Analyse Ana-lyse Its Cause. It has been generally suggested that the workingman's enthusiasm for Kipling Kip-ling is due to the omniscience of this writer of 34 years; that the soldier reveres re-veres him for his knowledge of a soldier's sol-dier's work, pleasures and woes; that the railroad man swears by him because be-cause he understands so well how an engine is built; that the sailor and fisherman, the public school boy, the city clerk, the mechanic, find the fascination fas-cination in his perfect acquaintance with their life. No doubt this clinches the charm, but certainly a broader principle underlies the popularity which the poet and fictionist has won with the masses. This is that he appeals ap-peals to the emotional side of his readers as well as to the intellectual. A man like Matthew Arnold, be he never so great, finds himself, perhaps with some approval, cut off from all but those readers in whom there is some unusual degree of intellectual training and ' refinement, observes a writer in the Review of Reviews. Kipling Kip-ling masters such readers, too, with his magnificent certainty of phrase and healthful vigr.r, and with his soul-stirring dramatic faculty proceeds to capture cap-ture the ret, of the world that knows better how to feel than to think. Doubtless, too, his brilliant early success suc-cess as a popular author is due very largely to his choice of subjects: to the vigorous launching of his geniu3 Into the topic, of the hour, the present problem of the nation. Thus as good a poem as "The . hite Man's Burden" might easily have been unnoticed by the world at large had it none of the tremendous public interest which has brought that noble utterance into the mouths of millions of Americans. Here Mr. Kipling has in his poetic work an advantage and a danger analogous to those which are before the lesser singers sing-ers of stag.? topical songs. A palpable hit is certain to fetch the whole house; on the other hand, the populace is expecting ex-pecting a hit every time, and few performers can invariably meet its de- GERLACHE. mand. Mr. Kipling seems to be such an inevitable sort of fellow that one is surprised even to hear that he ever writes things over twice before giving them to us. But he assures the rare and ' happy interviewer that most of what he writes goes into the waste-basket. waste-basket. AMBASSADOR FROM MEXICO. Snubbed and insulted because he performed a military duty thirty-two years ago, Senor Manuel Aspiroz, ambassador am-bassador to the United States from Mexico, is having an experience the parallel of which is vot to be found in diplomatic history, r'e is ostracised by European representatives accredited SENOR ASPIROZ. to the United States because he was the prosecutor of Maximilian of Mexico. Mex-ico. The representative of one republic repub-lic at the capital of a sister republic. Ambassador Aspiroz finds himself flouted because the representatives of royalty disapprove of an act performed by the ambassador as a patriot and a soldier. One of the saddest and most romantic tragedies of the century is thus recalled by a social sensation in these modern days. Graceful Gift. The wit . of . Jenny Lind was as charming in its way as her voice. On the occasion of her second rehearsal at the Paris Opera House, Lablache, the famous singer, was entranced with her voice. Hurrying up to her, he said enthusiastically, en-thusiastically, "Give me your hand, mademoiselle! Every note in your voice is a pearl!" 'Give me your hat," replied Jenny Lind. with a playful smile. Lablache handed the hat to her. Putting it to her mouth, she gave one of her matchless trills and bird--like snatches of song. "Here, she said, smiling at the delighted Lablache, La-blache, as she returned his property,' Vis a hatful of pearls for you, monsieur." mon-sieur." riy In the Ointment. Jimson,who had just won the capital cap-ital prize of J15.0C0 in a foreign lottery." lot-tery." on being notified the same day of a raise in salary of 530 a month, said: "Ye jrcds. how I could have en-Joyed en-Joyed this if I hadn't made that strike in the lottery!'? . F0S WOMAN AND HOME ITEMS OF INTEREST FOR MAIDS AND MATRONS." Why Men Do Hot Marry Women Are Becoming Too Extravagant and Much Laziness PrevnUs Fashions of the Day Matchmaking In Japan. Since Molly Went Away. Don't seem jest like it used to seem Since Molly went away; The dark has lost the rosy dream. The sunshine left the day. The birds don't sing as sweet as when They saw the roses stir An' look, an' listen in the glen To hear the step of her. It jest seems Ilka for bird an' brook There's never no more May; An' that when Molly went she took The world an' all away! I Jest set here when day's begun . An' feel the lonely place, . . The sunflowers folleiin' the sua An' dreamin' of her face. An' wonder why in shrub an' tree The sweetest birds are dumb. While all the roses look at me, An' whisper: "Will she come?" t I didn't think It would seem so strange That any heart would break;. But how this world o' God's can change For jest one woman's sake! One little woman ''Will she comer1 The roses, day by day; 1 answer not. my heart is dumb; Since Molly went away! Frank L. Stanton. Why Men Do Not Marry. The extravxagant theory of the young people as to the necessity for keeping up a certain style is the reason rea-son why so many of them put off marriage mar-riage year after year, and finally drift into the irremediable stage of celibacy. Girls without fortunes are supported in idleness and luxury by over-indulgent parents, and expected to be thus cared for after marriage. The annual cost of such a girl's maintenance is more than the Income of a young man, unless he be exceptionally fortunate. The fault lies with parents. Unless they are prepared to give a fortune with a daughter when she marries, they have no moral right to m.ike her unfit for the position of wife in the home of a young man who has his fortune for-tune to make. And this is not a trivial mistake, for It is a great and increasing increas-ing source of personal unhappiness, and it inevitably promotes immorality. Instead of thousands of bachelors and spinsters in boarding houses in Baltimore Balti-more Washington and other cities, there should be thousands of modest homes, in which young married couples would be helping each other to realize the dreams of their youth. The old-fashioned virtue, thrift, domestic do-mestic economy, saving up for a rainy day, needs a revival, not especially in the homes of the very poor, but in those who have fair Incomes and whose ambition to make a show prompts them to adopt the habits and ape the ways of the very rich. Wash ington Post. New Colors. As a matter of fact, there are no new colors. But this is begging the question, ques-tion, for there are many new shades and tints. Unfortunately, many of the names given to the new variations in color each season are arbitrary distinctions, dis-tinctions, meaningless in themselves, and It is not easily possible for any one to learn and remember them all, inasmuch as in silks alone there are more than 150 distinct tones; in wools Just as many, and so on. Since, however, many fashion advices ad-vices refer to the new shades by name without further description, it is useful use-ful to know some of the more popular Bhades and tints by name. Safre, for instance, Is a gray-blue; Seville, deep cardinal red! myosotis, turquoise blue; Ninon de l'Enclos, an azure blue; Ch. Lebrun, tan; Corneille, purple; Pompon Pom-pon and Matador, two reds; Paille, a pale yellow; Azalee, reddish purple; Hycine. pinkish mauve; de Sevlgne, gray; Pampas, Corall and Lotus are new pinks; Pavot, Coquelicot, Reine and Rol are new reds, and so on one might continue. But, after all, these names are much more for the benefit of dealers than for the Individual shopper, and one can be attractively gowned on an exquisite ex-quisite shade of mauve organdie without with-out knowing or caring whether it is called by the manufacturer Velantine, Clematite, Iris or Valubilis, or something some-thing else. Matchmaking In Japan. "There exists in Japan, among some of the classes, a certain custom of hiring hir-ing a mid woman, nakado, or professional profes-sional matchmaker, in order to make an engagement between a couple," writes Onoto Watanna in the Ladies Home Journal. "It often happens that a family will desire an alliance with another family with whom they are not intimately acquainted. Then are the services of the professional matchmaker match-maker invaluable. To be successful in such a profession one must never be known as such to the family she desires de-sires to court. Very often nakados and mldwomen follow this profession for years and yet are not known as such save to those who have employed them. Most of the matchmakers are very honest, and it is their duty to discover all the good and bad points of the couple and point them out to the parents; they give good advice and do everything possible to promote the happiness of the pair. They travel back and forth to the homes of the young people, who are entirely ignorant ig-norant of their motive, carrying compliments com-pliments and presents and trying in a delicate manner to work on their sen-timent.'" sen-timent.'" Fine Trimmings. Embroideries upon cloth, applications applica-tions of velvet upon cloth, galloons and incrustations e more than ever the order of the day, having had great success during the entire season and showing no symptoms of a decline in favor. Applications of cloth, cut In elaborate designs on satin of a lighter shade, compose- rich ornamentations for the edge of skirts and tunics and for yokes, plastrons and revers.- Very elegant also are the incrustations of velvet on cloth orsilk, and a costume may be thus decorated without the exorbitant ex-orbitant expense, since the velvet motifs mo-tifs may be purchased separately ami applied with embroidery stitches or sewed down under a narrow - cord. Guipure motifs may be used the same way and also heavy designs in worn lace, where the connecting .mesh haa become broken and the lace as lace la qseleee. The chief difficulty ; in making mak-ing these trimmings at home Ja the time' necessary ", to their proper 'construction, 'con-struction, but they may take the place of ordinary fancy -work, and andor deft fingers the process is mM rtrj long. T riraraltes. The fierce crusade ajratnst tobanr cigarettes In London has developed th tea cigarette, which 'Js; particularly j A MORNING GOWN. patronized by women. Undoubtedly some of them will soon find their way to feminine Anglo-maniacs in New York, says the New York Herald. Tea cigarettes are made of a coarse grade of green tea. which has but little dust and is composed of unbroken leaf. This is dampered so that the leaves may be stuffed in the paper cylinders, but not sufficient to affect the paper. The taste is said to be disagreeable at first, the effect on beginners being a sense of oppressiveness in the head and a desire to take hold of something. After a few cigarettes have been smoked the depressed feeling is succeeded suc-ceeded by one of intense exhilaration. Physicians say the effect on the nerves of continuously smoking tea cigarettes is as deleterious as drinking absinthe. The first step toward a cure is a cup of strong tea. Costume for a Tonng Minn. For young girls whose figures are yet undeveloped and to whom tight-fitting tight-fitting waists are not specially b3com-ing b3com-ing there is nothing as serviceable as the ever-popular blouse, which can be developed in the new basket cloth, cotton cot-ton cheviot and English homespun with much effect. Cotton cheviot does not come in solid colors, but on the other hand it is found In the most delightful combinations combina-tions of the new shades. A skirt of brown and green cheviot was made plain and trimmed around the foot with fancy brown braid. The braid was arranged up and down the front in oversklrt effect and the rows were put on a few Inches apart. , The waist had a vest and lapels of brown silky material and the front was trimmed with the braid put on In military fashion. The belt and streamers were of heavy brown silk ribbon. Frills of Fashion. Alpaca in the shades of dark blue, brown and gra'y. is a popular material for traveling dresses, i Louis XVI. muslins with bouquets of, flowers '-between -stripes of lace in sertion are the daintiest fabrics im aginable." i They are trimmed with lace and made up with overdresses and flchus much as they were fifty years arc. . Evening gowns in thin materials are lavishly 1 trimmed with wreaths r and vines of flowers made of quilled net or chiffon and mixed -with lace applique. Turbans made of glossy lace-like straw and trimmed with violets and roses - are one variety f headgear, while still another Is a low-crowned' broad-brimmed bat trimmed with spring flowers and plaited lace. White gloves are going out of fashion, fash-ion, and in their place we have the delicate-tinted shades of tan, cream, pink and tea color in suede. Dark tan suede gloves are worn for shopping.- Tunic Costumes. In contrast to the long lines which have prevailed lately by reason of the flowing cut of sheath skirts and princess prin-cess gowns the tunic skirt appears as a pleasurable change and promises to be a marked success. Its approach was insidious, seeming to be a natural result of that freedom which fashions permitted in allowing the body of the skirt to be different from the circular flounce which was mounted upon it. The flounce gradually assumed different differ-ent forms, rising at the back and diminishing dim-inishing in front or designing festoons, and so at last it has detached itself from the upper part and appears as a separate long skirt, the other remaining remain-ing shorter. The tunic, once freed from its union with the flounce, takes all sorts of fantastic shapes. It is open or closed, pointed, slashed, shorter short-er in front or at the sides or at the back, crossed or in redingote style. The tunic is a little more ample than the lower skirt, and the seams where the breadths are joined are concealed as much as possible. It is not lined, as a lining would increase its ' weight, and is quite unnecessary- The lower skirt is always lined, and no further reinforcement is required. Sugar as a Food. In a paper recently published on the value of sugar as a food as compared with fat, M. Auguste Chauveau maintains main-tains that its nu:ritive value is considerably con-siderably higher than that deduced from its heat of combustion, and that the calculation that 0.756 pound of the former is equal to one pound of the latter is in many cases exceeded. The increase in relative nutritive value is due largely to the fact that sugar promotes pro-motes assimilation, and the value of a food must necessarily depend not only upon the energy it is capable Qf supplying, but also on the indirect influence in-fluence that it is capable of exerting in the renewal and formation of animal ani-mal tissue. From whatever point of view the matter is regarded, the superiority supe-riority of sugar over fat as a food, whether for men at rest or at work, is very distinct. Girls Mannish Gloves. The latest masculine wrinkle which the girls affect, according to the Chicago Chi-cago Chronicle, is masculine gloves, not gloves made in a mannish style and fitting the feminine hand, but gloves that are cut on masculine lines, designed for masculine wearing and buttoned with the single button that holds together the abbreviated kid wrist. The gloves are short and square, are made of heavy dogskin and stitched markedly in white. The fingers fin-gers are big and clumsy and the entire glove is almost twice the size which the girl ordinarily affects. The bigger the glove the more stylish the result The masculine glove is entirely in keeping with the stubby, ugly masculine mascu-line shoe. Trimming for Uoder lothlng. A change is coming over the feminine femi-nine taste in the matter of underlinen. It is now no longer one mass of lace and frills. In fact, frills even on the hem of the garments are distinctly out of vogue, and now the whole attention is given up to cut. A simple real Valenciennes trimming round the neck, with a tiny baby ribbon and the Initial embroidered on the left shoulder, ia the latest smart thing to wear. But the cut, that Is the difficulty, for all the beauty of these delicate undergarments undergar-ments depends entirely on the fit Combinations are dying out, except for bicycling and active sports. A Charming A very beautiful black and white dress consisted of white chiffon flounces scalloped like the petals of a flower and edged with the lightest' make of black lace; this had a ' very short tunic in three or fout large scallops, scal-lops, Just covering the hips, .fitting them closely, made in white glace and embroidered with black lace and black silk. Chines are certainly going to be worn, and a bodice with blaek stripes divided . by chine roses on a white ground opened in the fashionable style back and front It was Intended to be worn over a white lace dress,-with a sash of the same. FARW AND GARDEN. MATTERS OF INTEREST TO AGRICULTURISTS. Some Cp-to-Date Bints About Cultivation Cul-tivation . of the Soil - and Yields Thereof Horticulture, Viticulture and Floriculture. Peach Growing in Georgia. (Condensed from the Farmers' Review dtenor-aphic Report of Illinois State Horticultural convention.) A. M. Augustine read a paper in which he said in part: It was my fortune for-tune and pleasure to spend some time last summer visiting the commercial peach orchards of Georgia during their busiest shipping season. I shall speak principally of Mr. Hale's orchard in Georgia, for it Is conducted on thorough thor-ough business and horticultural methods. meth-ods. I arrived In Ft Valley the morning morn-ing of the 18th of July, and I can ner forget the beautiful appearance of the great Elberta peach orchards extending extend-ing along miles of drive, with the trses on either hand bending to the ground with the most beautiful fruit grown. In point of value and productiveness the Elberta is to Qeorgia what th Ben Davis is to the western apple growers, except that it stands much higher on the list in quality. First we will visit the pickers In the field. To handle the crop of these 70,000 Elberta trees requires about 100 pickers. These are composed principally princi-pally of negroes and are divided into four gangs. I wish to say right here that the South certainly has the advantage ad-vantage of the North in fruit growing in this one respect at least, to say nothing of the cheap lands. There is no better laborer under the 6un than the Southern negro if he is handled properly. When properly trained he can do more than a white laborer and do it more cheerfully. Each picker carries a sack of tags with his Individual numbers on each, and every basket that goes to the packing house carries one of the tags. Thus it is easy to locate any laborer loing bad work. The trees have been headed very low, so that now in their eighth year, although they have made an excellent growth, nearly all the fruit can be gathered by the picker while standing on the ground. Each peach is picked and laid in the basket. The trees are gone over a number of times during the season. When the fruit is picked it is carried on large spring wagons to a most commodious com-modious packing house, w hich is open on both sides and ends. This packing house has two benches running from end to end, and on the outer side of both benches stand the graders. The wagons unload their fruit by the side of the gradeis. In the middle of this bench there Is a canvas trough running from end to end. Each peach is examined ex-amined separately, and, if over-ripe, too green or specked in any manner It is put with the culls, and the perfect fruit is made into two grades. The packers stand on the inside of these long benches and pack the fruit from the canvas troughs I have just mentioned. men-tioned. The grader removes the tag from the basket where the picker has placed it and turns in these tags. The number of tags shows how many caskets cas-kets they have graded during the day. Each packer is supplied with numbered number-ed tags, one of which is attached to every crate he packs. This tag is removed re-moved by the inspector, and if the fruit be properly packed, the tag is turned in to the credit of the packer; if the fruit Is not properly packed it Is returned to be repacked. In this way it is possible each morning to ( tell exactly how much work every ?- son has performed, and, although they are paia Dy me uay, iue amuu..i oi work performed and the manner in which it is done is what determines the wages. The Hale orchard this year put in an evaporating plant which has been quite a source of revenue. Very often much of the very finest fruit will be a trifle Bpecked or over-ripe. About 600 bushels of this is evaporated in 24 hours, and 'X is worth on the market about 9 or 10 cents per pound, and is equal if not preferable to the best grade of California evaporated peaches. Probably 90 per cent of the peaches planted in Georgia have been Elber-tas. Elber-tas. The Elberta is pre-eminently the Georgia peach. Variation In Cow Weights. From , Farmers' Review: At the beginning of each month for the past two months .the dairy herd of the Kansas State Agricultural College has been weighed for three consecutive days, and the weight of each animal determined by averaging the results of the three days' weighing. During the first weigh period the herd did not have access to water until after they were weighed, but during the second period they were allowed to run to the watering trough in the yard before weighing. To one unaccustomed to fluctuations in animal weights the following fol-lowing results may appear astonishing: astonish-ing: Cows Giving Milk: The average weight of thirteen head was 1,048 and 1,065 pounds, respectively, for the first and second weigh periods. During the first period the minimum variation or any one individual was 4 pounds, and the maximum variation 65 pounds, with an average for the lot of 12 pounds. During the second period, where the herd had access to water, the minimum variation was 5 pounds ani the maximum 90 pounds; but during dur-ing this period certain individuals gained 'at the same time that others lost, so that the average variation for the lot was only 5 pounds, the same as the minimum variation of any one individual. In both periods the greatest great-est variation took place with animals that weighed 900 to 950 pounds. Dry Cows The average weight or twelve head was 1,113 and 1,125 pounds, respectively, for the first and second weigh periods. During the first period the minimum variation of any single individual was 7 pounds, and the maximum' max-imum' variation 32 pounds, with an average variation of 7 pounds. Dur ing the second period the minimum variation was 4 pounds and the maximum maxi-mum 40 pounds, with an average for ' the lot of 5 pounds. In the first period th greatest variation was with a 960-pound 960-pound cow, and in the second period with a 1,300-pound cow. Young Stock Thi3 lot consisted of five head, whose weights ranged from 400 to 600 pounds. During the first weigh period the minimum variation varia-tion was 7 and the maximum 39 pounds,, with an average for the lot of 23 pounds- During me second penou the minimum variation among the Individuals In-dividuals so balanced each other, that the average variation for the lot was .only 2 pounds., 1 Calves In four calves weighing from 85 to 165 pounds the variation , was Ifrom 2 to. 6- pounds, the average 'for the lot for both periods beln; about 2 pounds.- , The greatest variation, however, was with the smallest, calf. Bull This pure-blood Guernsey had an average weight In the first period of 1,242 pounds, with a difference between be-tween his highest-and lowest weight of i pounds. In the second weigh period his average weight was : 1,355 pounds, with a variation of 19 pound3. The above notes show that a eon-siderabla eon-siderabla variation may take place Tat consecutive daily weights of the same animal without any apparent cause. When a person is particular about getting get-ting an accurate weight of an animal it should be done by averaging at least three daily weighings. Selection of Seed Corn bv Cross Breeding It will pay the farmers of Kansas to test the value of the following methods of selecting seed corn: Two or three rows are planted In the middle mid-dle of the field, using seed of a different differ-ent variety from that used in the remainder re-mainder of the field. The tassels of the corn in these rows are pulled out and before they develop pollen, so that the ears will be fertilized with pollen from the remainder of the field. The seed from these rows is selected for next year's planting, and it is claimed that the yield has been increased in-creased Uj ;t least ten bushels per acre. Colonei' Dudley of Topeka has done a great deal In this line, and reports re-ports excellent result. If the yield of the Kansas corn crop could be Increased In-creased ten bushels per acre it would mean several million dollars added to the value of the crop, and obtained by only a very little increase of labor expended. About fifteen farmers in the vicinity of Manhattan have agreed to co-operate with the Kansas Experiment Experi-ment Station in testing the methods this year, but why should not five hundred hun-dred or a thousand farmers all over Kansas join in the work? It will require re-quire very little labor. Any farmer can find a different variety of corn from his own by going three miles, or less, away from his home; and the work of pulling out the tassels will be little more than the work necessary to cut the weeds out of the same number num-ber of rows. Farmers, give this matter mat-ter your careful attention, and then plan to take up the work. The members mem-bers of the station council will gladly correspond with you in regard to any further information you may need. R. W. Clothier, Kansas State Agricultural Agri-cultural College. Too Well-Ilppt Fowl. The following appears in Farm Poultry: A correspondent writes: "My old and young fow.s became very lousy, and I ordered them wiped with the kerosene and naphthaline solution. It was done too thoroughly and carelessly. careless-ly. Result six breeders, two cocks, twenty-seven pullets and cockerels all dead next day. The remaining one hundred and forty were blistered, and some unable to walk for a week; but not a louse can be found. Combs of flock shriveled up. Survivors are coming com-ing out all right." This is the first case that has come to our notice where birds were given a bath in the naphthaline and kerosene kero-sene solution. It was the lamentable result of carelessness and ignorance. An experience like the above will perhaps per-haps teach the owner not to trust another an-other job of lice killing to the hired man, until he has made sure that the man has sufficient intelligence to use the lice liquid according to directions. Plain kerosene would have produced a like result, used in such a manner. One experience of this sort, though costly, is liable to leave a lasting impression. We think this member will personally oversee the lice killing business next time. Fertilizer Ingredients In Acre. Nitro- Crops. gen. Apples 39 lbs Barley 57 lbs Beans 75 lbs Buckwheat 56 lbs Cabbage 200 lbs Clover, green ..130 lb3 Clover, dry 82 lbs Corn 83 lbs Grapes 32 lbs Hops 84 lbs Mixed bay 70 lbs Oats 55 lbs Onions 72 lbs Pears 32 lbs Peas 108 lbs Plums 30 lbs Potatoes 46 lbs Rye 51 ,DS Sugar beets 69 lbs Timothy hay .. 89 lbs Tobacco 76 lbs Tomatoes 32 ,DS Turnips 80 lbs Wheat 59 lbs Crops from One Potash. Pot-ash. 60 lbs 51 lbs 53 lbs 40 lbs 270 lbs 140 lbs 88 lbs 55 lbs 39 lbs 53 lbs 77 lbs 62 lbs 72 ibs 26 ltM 52 lbs 40 lbs 74 ibs 45 lbs 143 lbs 94 lbs 200 lbs 54 lbs 181 lbs 31 lbs Phos. acid. 30 lbs 30 lbs 30 lbs 14 lbs 70 lbs 40 lbs 18 lbs 48 Ibs 11 lbs 23 18 lbs 13 22 lbs 37 lbs 10 lbs 33 lbs 4 lbs 21 lbs 26 lbs 32 lbs 23 lbs 16 lbs 20 lbs 52 lbs 24 lbs The above table may safely be used In computing the probable draught on the soil for each of the crops mentioned. men-tioned. It must be understood, however, how-ever, that for fruits, the demand for fertilizer for the annual wood growth and for the leaves and pruned twigs Is not included. Plant Food. Why One Farmer Failed. in a down-east village store, the wise-acres Bat in council on the nail kegs and tool boxes. "I'll tell you just what kind of a man Tom Jones was, said the chief critic, a sharp-eyed, but not unkindly, son of the soil. "He's dead now, and we can't hurt him by what we say, and might as well speak out plain. He never got on in the world, and there was a mighty good reason for it Fact is, he never did anything so 'twould stay done. He was a good worker: he lived on the next farm to me a dozen years, and I can testify that he wasn't lazy. He would mow, for Instance, and was careful to pick up every stone in front of his scythe. He'd pick it up and carefully lay it out of the way behind be-hind him. Next year, wtien he came to mow that field, he'd pick up the same stones again and lay them behind be-hind him, and that way he picked those stones over and over year after year. That way of doing things gave him a good chance to work hail and die poor, and that was all what ailed him all through life." Ex. Too Many Males. The farmer is inclined in-clined to keep too many males with his tree range flock of poultry. There was once a theory that one must use so many males with so many females. This has long been exploded. The average farmer should no longer think that he must proportion his stock to from six to ten hens to one male. There is scarcely a farmer who does not keep from twice to five times as many males every year as is good for bis stock or even necessary. What the average farmer wants is fewer and better bet-ter males. Ex. ' Fattening a Sow. A two-year-old Jersey Duroc sow at the Oklahoma Experiment Station made gain of 135 lb. In six weeks, .an average of 3.2 lb. daily. During this time she was fed 708 lb. Kafir meal, making gain of one pound for each 5.24 lb. fed. In $1 days following, she made gala of 60 lb. peaching weight of 550 lb. Rolled oats or. plnhead oatmeal Is an excellent food to start chicks on. After the first; week, change . gradually t cracked . wheat ' |