Show DRY ARM principles reparation preparation of seed oed bed proper many advantages H hal culture alture outlined to favor batem stem 0 lon ion of cf soil boll moisture Mol aturo co cogaer amsel apted to regions of an enda cited rainfall A M TEN EYCK by PROF western estern kansas experiment t eident station climate mate the proper pre para in a dry seed bed has baa several im tion of th an antares the cultivation a cd after harvest tends to con of the lane fail boisture oi sture already stored in ser serve ve the the furrowed land to la in the soli boll ion to catch and store the go good od condi io 4 later cultivation clears cleara rain and t eeds and volunteer wheat the land 0 of a mellow soil eoll mul mulch ch to and to leaves aye i moisture sture wh which ich has been conser conserve arvo 0 t tl i subsoil the early and stored in t tl titivation of the soil far a coata continued ailed ion 0 of I 1 the bacate bacteria ria iua and the e vors vora the he a ad of aval available lable plant food de vo a ing n 9 thas method the farm p 1 rate to a larger area early in e er rma my y c cult u I 1 hen the soil is in good the heason c cultivate v when it if it had cond condition lilon t to y to plow the whole area been ne cess land might become too some of tb the well veil likewise the later dry to plow s the soil too lose and plowing IP d bed condition not it in goods good 5 laud land tor for corn or other in prepare pro Vs ps the listing may be Inter tilled c cr ie e fall or during therill the win done eatean late in pring the usual alari ter or barly the he ridges with thelister being to salli aspli ring pring when the corn la Is later in the corn or kaffir corn may mair planted or t tl ngin ng in ln the same fur be planted bj isable to harrow barrow the tha cowf or ta or twice before plant lilt hated il rl at sods or prevent stevent soil boll in ing to 0 alto 09 preserve a mellow soil dr drifting ting the water which has haa mulch to I 1 in the subsoil aub Boll jn in ben bean ocoee corn the early listing has log land to to early plowing and su proved equal 17 y disking as shown by perlor to ear to at the kansas sta the exper imer tion portions of the great in the the annual rainfall plains t to produce a crop not lele be necomes confes necessary to every avear it m of summer fallowing following fal lowing practice a cyst fourth season or in al every third or i localities of least rain ternate years store moisture and ded fall in ord era and thus insure the celop plant fo profitable crop each production product io P of deither year either in the tall fall 0 or r deep plo w jaent bent surface cult lva spring iring arloof arid fj iA alcove above Is the method tion as d ate nh haa given of a at the e montana west the best r ad western kansas ex orn erl ment shafta itaho ethod where the soil soll another good hv w Is to list the ground Is inclined to bl bi the fall leveling th the into furrows I 1 IE he Q spring and plowing ridges early in ot of june giving about the first during the balance of dent cleat destroy the weeds and the season to lo seed bed prepare a goo i better adapted for bar the weeder nd other small grains rowing wheat n harrow but the hard than the corn coan ed when the ground Is row may be u sr r questions whether it firm the advisable as a rule to Is necessary 0 f due precautions have harrow wheat re paring the seed bed been taken in in conditions where under cert a and puddle the soil it heavy rains fl ar ble leto to harrow but very may be adale ly be injured by harrow young grain in the wheat covers the ing and atte it the ground h harro aro wheat heat ht t regular inter harrowing of cansas abbas nebraska ind and vats vals at the ament stations has baa not montana ex eap exp bly ably without question resulted favo faaoi ipar para atlon flon of the seed bed the proper p pr e important factor in the Is a much m me all grains than the culta growing or of sy si ceding at after t or r i a disputed point among while it I 1 Is authorities whether it pays to harrow wheat and other cowed crops there ll it no difference of opinion regarding tho necessity or value of 0 frequent cultivation of corn and ad of all other crops ally planted in rows the main pur pup pose being as described here to keep kee down the weeds and maintain a mellow soil mulch as aa far BB abill during the growing season of the crop there is some disagreement regarding the depth and frequency of cultivation desirable the writer favors rather deep cultivation in our drier hotter climate and after every hard bard rain it possible or at least sufficient to keep the weeds incheck in check it Is IB not necessary or practicable to attempt to cultivate after every rain and there to la no virtue in the admani admonition keep ahr cultivator going in a dry time it if the soil has been well stirred and the mulch Is of sufficient depth to cultivate again would bo be a loss loea of time and might do actual harm barm by drying out the deeper portion of the soil mulch and also causing i a too fine and dusty condition of the surface soil unfavorable to the absorption of moisture when the rain cornea comes and favorable to the blowing or drifting dritt ing ot of the soil winds such a system of culture oo as out lined here la Is intended to favor the conservation of soil moisture and to la thus especially adapted to regions where a limited or irregular rainfall makes the most careful methods of soil culture necessary in order to store and conserve the water in the soil and got get the most use uee from it in the production of crops the principles stated above have been known and practiced more mor or less for a long time in fact dry farming Is simply good tillage and tb orough cultivation of t the b e eoll boll at the right time in the right way and ad in a systematic manner scientific farming pays everywhere loie ie writer believes in the practicability of thorough tillage and good cultivation on every farm and the increase In creasa in crops by such farming will more than pay for the extra labor but the great problem in western agriculture today Is not how to got get larger cr crops op out of the soli soil for a few years but rather how bow to produce paying crops every year and agthe at the same time main tain the fertility and productiveness n of the land simple tillage will not maintain so soil fertility it becomes ne cesary finally to replace the plant food exhausted by the continuous growing of crops with tue tile application of manure or chemical fertilizers and by green and the rotation of crops in which the legume crops such as alfalfa or clover or aleid id peas or vetch are introduced in order to restore again the nitrogen and organic matter the supply of which has become more rapidly reduced by intensive cultivation the supply of organic matter may bo be in part maintained by plowing under t ci j i stubble and by carefully saving the straw and manure and returning it again to the soil doll f A regular and systematic rotation of erdei alak ha not yet come into general practice in the western plains coun try flax Is extensively grown irl in the northern states the sorghums sorg hums are an important crop in kansas and the states further south alfalfa la is gr grown own successfully in the eastern edge of the dry ary farming belt and in the more favorable locations fa farther west but wheat Is the great western crop the great plains region Is particularly adapted for growing hard red wheat of excellent quality tho the best beat bread making wheat in the world and it must continue to be as it is today the great wheat producing area of our country any general system of crop rotation therefore adapted to the west must include wheat as the great crop |