OCR Text |
Show tiEil be desired G AUDEN. AND UTTERS bav -- eat Jo INTEREST TO AGRICULTURISTS. and Jiningf OP Mwe Hints A boat at. of the K Cultlv-la- a Soil aad IM4i Thereof YlUcaltara aad ilort- - tHafttnlun, feBUare. 1. rrcltipa. AN you giva me any details ot testa? N. Wa N. do not know that webare at hand extensive details, but we can give the from following So long Etorer: ago aa 1796-9- 8 the chemist, English three a cylinder sunk Dalton, In inches feet ten and deep diameter into the soil, filled It with earth, made it level a 1th the aurface of the land, and after the first year Krew grass upon It By collecting the water at the bottom of this cylinder he found that 25 per cent of the yearly rainfall had percolated through the earth Into 1L The difference he attributed to evaporation. Simultaneously with Dalton, Maurice, at Geneva, using an Iron cylinder filled with earth, found that the percolation was equal to 19 per cent of a rainfall amounting to 26 lushes per annum. Gasparin, In the noted 20 south ojf France in 1820-2per cent f percolation from a rainfall of 28 inches. Dickinson, In England, In 1836-4- 3, at a locality where the average rainfall was 26.6 Inches, used a Dalton rain gauge three feet deep and 12 Inches wide, filled with gravelly loam and grass-grow- n at the surface. He found as the average ot eight observations that 11.3 Inches years percolated in a year, or about 42.5 per cent of the rainfall, while 67.6 per cent either evaporated or remained In the of soil. In round numbers two-fiftthe rainfall would pass out of the land through the drains, though very considerable variations were noticed, rang-linfrom 83 to 57 per cent, in the Klsler, In I course of the experiments. by gauging Switzerland (1867-68- ), drains that had been laid four feet deep in a compact impervious soil, which bore, crops at the time of the experiment, found that 30 per cent of the average rainfall of 41 Qches percolated, while 70 per cent ot it evaporated. Ffaff, In Erlangen, and Salsburg and at Vienna, found that only ot the yearly rainfall percolated through two feet ot bare soil when the evaporation was greater than the rainfall; that almost one-thipercolated when evaporation was equal to rainfall, and that rather more than one-ha- lf percolated when the evaporation was somewhat less than the rainfall. Woldrich found lnvarla bly that less water percolated two feet i soil upon which grass was growing than In a bare soil Very light rains Vera wholly lost by evaporation from the grass leaves, because the drops dung tof the leaves until they evaporated. pir-colati- - ' a 2, hs Wold-fich.v- at one-four- th rd - rw DAIRY AND POULTRY. INTERESTING .CHAPTERS FOR OUR RURAL READERS. Bew 4 h th-Sp- pos-fslb- le The Bilk Felt. One of the greatest causes of milk rotation In the common farm dairy the milk pail. Only the most advanced dairymen pay sufficient attention to this utensil. Wooden backets and even paper palls are need for the purpose of receiving milk at milking time.-- - Both of these easily become saturated with the adds formed from the milk, and In short time, though they may appear clean, are absolutely worthless. If it ot "tin Vara Blot m Ita aad Pualtry. - ' Fowls Fanned rp. FARMER' In the current number of the Land Magazine gives the results ot poultry keeping on S' somewhat considerable scale. He has found that bens shut up in ample pens give the minimum of trouble, and lay His of eggs. the maximum plan Is to erect "houses" according to his requirements, and to enclose, with ordinary wire netting, fixed to upright poles in the ground, spaces around each, ranging from ninety-eight to 277 square yards. The ground set apart for the runs was the rough patches generally found near to the homestead and outbuildings. At the outset he selected fowls that were good layers, such as a cross between light and brown Leghorn cocks and the dark Brahma hens. They were, ot course, most prolific in March, April, May, June and July, but March and April pullets began laying on October I, so that he had a good supply of eggs kll the year round. The food in the morning consisted of good soft meal, with a sprinkling of meat crlssel In summer, and, in the very cold weather, Indian meal, which Is a heat producer, tn the evening, wheat, buckwheat, darl, or heavy oats were given, separately, not mixed. No maize was thrown and lesdown, as it Is sens the laying capacity of the hens. There was no limit to the supply of water and green stuffs. The results were highly satisfactory. The egg year ends on September 30, and from October 1, 1895, to September 30, 1896, our poultry farmer had an average of 150 fowls, and collected during the year 18,963 eggs. In addition rearing 154 broods of chickens and ducklings. October and November were the only two j months when the eggs were below 1,000 a month. The best results were from two pens. Jointly covering 603 square tn cold weather; bring the feed to her. 1 Winter pastures are the delight of the horse raiser and the steer farmer, but a delusion to the winter dairyman. Be not deceived. The weather in winter Is not suited to milk production and the cow must be sheltered from the rain, snow and wind. No matter how much green grass you have out in the winter pasture, the cow giving milk is not the animal to turn out there to eat it She will do well at it for a time, but soon will adjust herself to the climate and fatten instead ot continuing to fill the pall until sprtngr The place where creameries have to shut down in winter because of lack ot milk Is where winter pastures are the most ot a success, and the places where winter dairying is most successful are those where no reliance Is placed on winter pasture for cow teed. This does not prove that succulent food like silage and roots is deleterious in winter. Far from It But succulent food should be fed in a warm barn, not out in the open field. This is a hard thing to impress Upon those who are lovers ot the steer. The more rich feed a steer has the less he cares for shelter. He will often sleep In the snow from The heifer fed like a steer choice. will be much like one, and as unlike what she should be for milk as possible. Be careful not to put her on a starchy diet and expose her to cold winds, nor even keep a cow in milk on pasture in cold weather. Shelter her, make her comfortable without forcing her to use her food as fuel to keep her warm. Exposure is a fatal mistake no matter how seductive may be the temptation. , Thrift lbd HeslihT Keeping animals thrifty Is one' of the best ways of keeping them healthy. Bulletin 65 of the South Dakota Experiment Station says: "In September, 1896, when the experiment lambs were fed growing rape, their droppings contained segments of Monlesa expansa, R. Bl., ths broad tapeworm of sheep, Indicating that a previous weakening of the lambs digestive system bad permitted the lodgement and Increase of these parasites. Inquiry revealed the fact thatOhe lambs had suffered from lack of water, and grass on their summer range. As these conditions also favor the growth of the more harmful Thysanosoma actlnlo-Ide- s, Diet., the fringed eestode of sheep, the dropping were carefully examined, but not n trace ot the fringed segments could be found. In February, 1897, two of tha sheep died and many fringed cee--1 first and (forwards ctnadate the shaep. Ths liver fluke is s smooth, bag-liwhile a magnifying glass shows the fringed eestode to be n Jointed tapeworm, with fringe covering tha segments. Under liquid these fringes may be seen by the unaided eye, and are diagnostic, The viscera ot the thirty-on sheep slaughtered in Brookings, during April, 1897, were examined. Sixteen sheep which hjtd been summer fed on closely pastured prairie, and ponds, watered from nearly dried-u- p were found Infested with ths fringe ps had ee8toderThe other 'fifteen-sheeaccess had on abundant grass, grazed to a plentiful supply of pure water and were entirely free from Internal parasites. Thus the region near Oakwood Lakes was remarkable for Its exemption The facta alfrom sheep parasites. In Investigation ascertained this ready Indicate that If the young lambs are fed untainted food In troughs, or on clean pastures, and given an abundance ot clean water, with a liberal supply ot alt, there is little danger ot their bee. coming infested with the fringed As It la generally believed that more prairie aheep die during their first winter from the effects ot the fringed eestode than from any other cause, this line ot Investigation will be continued. ke fist-wor- Apples for Cold tiring Then With Van. artificer ef his own happiness. Let him beware how he complains ot the disposition of circumstances, tor It Is hie own disposition he blames. It tbla Is sour, or that rough, or tbs other steep, let him think If It be uot his work. If his looks curdle all hearts, let him not complain of a sour reception; It he hobbles In his gait, let him not grumble at the roughFore. Mil.- ness of th way; If be is weak tn the What Is known as the fore-mil- k knees, let him Bot call the hill steep. usually contains many bacteria, whlH This a si the pith ot the Inscription on the strippings are nearly or quite tree the walls of a Swedish Inn: You will from them. Bacteria can enter tn find at Trochat excellent bread, meat canal of the teat and grow In the small auJ wine, provided your bring them quantity of milk left In It at each milk with you." Ififnieoce they are oftefi wished out Froepeeters Map of Utah. in great numbers by the first few The Passenger Dejiartment of the Ri aa found have I drawn, high spoonfuls as 480,000 per cable centimeter in Grande railway has just Issued an map showing all mining districts ot and In most freshly- - drawn fore-mil- k, together with a outline sketch ot of Us experiments 1 have made the record, older districts, end calling special atthe fora-mllkept a shorter tention to several samples of partially developed retime than the samples drawn later. In gions which recently have shown import-an- t fore-milk some cases, however, the unooveringt ot gold and copper, now kept sweet several days (In one case attracting notice of prospectors, Investors twelve days). Indicating that the baa and others. terla that produced change in milk For copies of this valuable map address were very few In number In It My ex F. A. Waoliiob, G. P. A., Salt Lake City pertinents would indicate that cowe Sometimes it Is a little hard at this di differ considerably as to Us number ot bacteria- - that gain entrance to the lance to tell what ths English are fighting testa; and, ot course, the condition in ibout In India, but that they light like which the body of be cow Is allowed oldlef and heroes there can be no qua-- i to remain, and the character of the ton. Sun Francisco Call. place tn which the lies down, would A great commotion seems to have taken Influence In a marked degree the num among railway elrclea, owing to a place her ot bacteria In the fore-mil- k. Prot sontemplated through car service between Cratchl. tbe Pacific coast and Chicago which is to sperste one day each week. This Is not a new departure by any means, ss the Grande Railroad company and its connection have been operating through car service between tbe Paclfta tnd Atlantic coast, via Salt Lake, Puoblo, Denver, Kansas ,City aad Chicago for years, and three day each week, vU: every Wednesday, Thursday and Friday evening. The car for this th tough service ere of the latest Pullman design, and ere supplied with new clean linon and bed-lithroughout. A Pullman porter is assigned to each car. These cars are under -- Cultivate Cabbage. There Is nothing better tban frequent cultivation of cabbage to make It grow. Every time the soli la stirred, and especially In such warm, wet weather as the whole country has lately had, there is liberation of plant food In as large amounts as even n gross feeding crop of cabbage can require. It Is In such seasons as this that care must be taken to upset late cabbages and loosen some of thelt roots so as to check growth. Without this the largest cabbage will split open and will soon spoil. Ex. Wild Horses In Arizona, It It said that wild horses have Infested ths northern part of Arizona to auch an extent that it has been asked of the authorities that they may be legally That vicinity has been slaughtered. overrun with several large band, hundreds In number, unbranded by anyone. They have rapidly Increased la umber, and have become wild and fierce. Th matter has been referred te the live atock board. Ex. - Man is th ces-tod- J k io ng the personal supervision of a special excursion agent, whose duty it is to see that passengers are given every comfort end attention. For further Information, apply to any agent, or to B. fJovluit, general agent, srtoH. M. Cushing, traveling passenger I pent, D. A R. G. railroad, M West Second South street, Salt Lake City, Utah. Stong. Craig of the Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada, takes a hopeful ylew of the matter of keeping apples In cold storage, says an exchange. It may be questionable whether Prof. Craig is wholly right in his optimistic views, but hers is what he says: "Before long you will see a revolution In the apple trade. Winter apples will not be a necessity. Cold storage will solve the difficulty. Probably before two years are over, you will see In every fruit growing district cold storage houses on the plan, based on the cold storage "buildings at the Worlds Fair. Fall apples put into cold storage buildings where the temperature is 84 degrees may be kept an indefinite length of time. Thus winter apples will not be necessary. When 1 was at the Worlds Fair, in the middle of the hot season, I saw tn good condition Dnchess of Oldenburg apples which had been ripened early the previous summer and kept in cold storage. While In Montreal recently I noticed in the new cold storage building beautiful California pears. Kind of Wool Wanted. Constant attention to selection might counterbalance the tendency to produce a coarse fiber under high" feeding, but certainly ns English methods of feeding are adopted In this country the tendency will be toward the production of a fleece. Just now that is coarse-flbere- d not to be deplored. With the exception of n very limited demand, the fineness of the fiber is little considered. t Is uniformity of fiber throughout ths .fleece, uniform strength throughout tbs length of the fiber, and freedom from foreign matter, that makes a fleece valuable. Ex. s Prof. Per tn TnMftrnlif of Rllf loate j Religion baa Its own enlargement, tnd aa enlargement not of tumult, but of peace. It Is often remarked of uneducated persons who have hitherto thought of the unseen world, that, on turning to God, looking Into themselves regulating their hearts, reforming their conduct and med1 tart leg on death and judgment, heaven and hell,. they seem to become in point of Intellect, different beings from what they were. Before, they took things aa they cams, sad theught no more of one thing than another. But now every event has a "" meaning; they have their own estimate of whatever happens to them; they are mindful of time and seasons, and compart th present with the past; and the world no longer dull, monotonous, unprofitable, and hopeless, is a various and complicated drams, with parts and an object, and gn awful-mor- al, John Henry Newman. close-grain- ' 1 Operate TUIa A p Few Core o( Uve Stock' IumhW Fimm l)ptrtnol So Medicines (or Blight. The idea of introducing medlelnei of some sort Into the cap, of the tree to kill the germ of pear blight is not new," says E. C. Powell in National Stockman.. Every once in a while it springs uf somewhere through an advocate who thinks he has discovered it. Just now it is having its innings In the Rural the original invesNew Yorkey-througtigations of an Illinois trait grower. He had some pear trees which were blighted badly, and undertook to cur them by introducing medicines through the roots. A hole was dug near th tree and a root secured as large a ones finger. This was cut oil and Introduced into a large bottle containing tha desired remedy, the neck of th( bottle stuffed with putty, and the wholo thing put under ground again. Onea tree was killed by using too strong substance, and another was supposed to be helped by using a weak solution of corrosive sublimate. But this tree which blighted badly last year wai Saved by the vlgoroue use of the saw and knife. Undoubtedly all the blight was cut out, and the use of the corrosive sublimate proves nothing. It Is not along this line that any remedy may be hoped for. The use of a strong spray of Bordeaux mixture in early spring to kill the blight germs will prove of much more help. A careful and thorough pruning out ot nil affected parts and burning the game at once is the only way to prevent the spread ot the blight Feeding the tree with an abundance of potash and pbosphorio acid and not too great an amount ot nitrogen, to develop a hard, wood growth, where the cells are strong and hardy, will also be ot advantage." Flowing In the Foil. While the character of the soil must n a measure at least be considered in determining whether or not land intended to be planted to crops In should be plowed In the fall, Writes N. J. Shepherd in Nebraska Farmer., We have been trying the plan for several years and with our soil and ,nnder the conditions that our farming la done, find It quite an advantage. With all crepe In the spring we find we 'are able tn get the ground Into good 1 condition for the reception of the seed I with considerable lees work than If the ! powlng wae deferred. Then it la in nearly all daaes to get the planting done -earlier, and thia here Is I quite an item. Here with nearly every crop it la the early planting that give f the best growth and yield and we find It profitable to take every advantage to get the seed In early. If the ground Is plowed jjeep and" thorough and good drainage la provided In the fall the ground will dry out easier and warms up qulcked than if left undisturbed. This year both with oats and corn those who were able to get the seeding done early raised good crops of both, while the late seeding of both crops were nearly a failure. Wet find It an, advantage In getting the most out of the manure to plow more or less la the fall. During the summer a good part of the atock are kept in the pasture and there is not a very large quantity of manure that can be secured to apply on the cultivated fields. It is during tha fall and winter that the greatest amount can be secured. Our plan an through the winter Is as far as possible to haul out and apply all of the manure ns fast as made and I am satisfied that better results In every way can be secured by applying on plowed land. Load Into the wagon direct from the tables sheds or feeding lots, haul to the fields when it is wanted and scatter from the wagon. This saves time and labor and gives good results. The work necessary to put the soil in a proper condition for the reception of the seed will work the manure sufficiently in with the soil Our land lays so that It does not wash and this with the advantage of making the most ont of tha manure the quickest and the ability to get the seeding done so much earlier induces us to plow in the fall. I In a proper state. The voodn pall can be washed and scalded, but the wood pores retain that which will not be Uoeened by ordinary hot water. But In many cases even no extraordinary attempts are With the made for their cleansing. Those paper pall it Is even worse. palls are stiffened by rosin and It they be subject to very hot water they will become soft and easily fall to pieces. We have seen more than one of these palls ruined by carrying boiling water in them. So when they are -- used on the farm and In the milking stable they are only treated with tepid watef. This In a cannot cleanse them properly. short time, also. If they are washed much the paint tomes from the Inside and the bare rosin walls are laid bare, which tend to impart to the milk a very disagreeable flavor. That they should be abandoned there is no question. Tin pails, if properly kept, are alone suitable for this work. A white iron pall Is preferable, aa such pails can be got that have no creases In the bottoms, the whole pail being run in a single mould. There are also no creases In the sides. The only crease Is at the top where the pail Is rolled around the wire that runs around the top. There fore, the whole pail can be kept clean easily. If it costs more than the others, the cost is soon offset by a saving in work of cleansing, to say nothing about the better condition in which the milk Is kept A proper attention to the milk paU will pay welL i i to keen the milk n THE YORKSHIRE COACH HORSE, PRINCE OF WALES, THE SIRE OF MANY NOTED ENGLAND AND A GOOD TYPE Of THE BREED, yards, and containing fifty birds In th two. which yielded 7,727, or an average, roughly, of 154 eggs each In the year. For the present year 177 of these fowls have given the grand total of 22,270 eggs. The record la as follows: October (1896), 968; November, 1,1041 December, 1,608; January (1897), 1.805; February, 1,751; March, 3,547; April. 3.941; May, 2,427; June. 2,395; July. 2,328; Au- gust (to the 19th Inclusive), 1,396. The balance of receipts over expenditure, taking into account the stock in hand, leaves n very substantial Interest upon the capital Invested. The sale book for 1896 shows that 19.900 eggs, 444 hens and 261 ducklings were sold. The eggs foy 1895-- 6 realized a fraction over a penny n piece, while the 19,900 were a trifle under. Poultry keeper ought not To sell March and April pullets, as many farmers do, for they lay In win ter, when eggs are very scarce, and, Consequently fetch high price. Penning up fowls J strongly recommended, because they cannot stray and lay away from home, the egg ro always fresh and quickly gathered, broods art eot hatched at the wrong time, and it Is easy to see if anything is amiss with th birds. t Taw Comfort. One of the hardest things to Impress apon farmers Is ths valns of comfort io the cow, write E. C. Bennett In New York Produce Review. No matter how well and wisely w feed. If ths cow Is not comfortable she will not vllmlnate n full mess of milk. .When tbe cow is wet and chilled the use the food for warming herself, and what la used In this way does not appear In tha milk palL It is fon. radiated to the wild prairie winds; lost forever. A cold rain causes her to shrink in milk. A raw wind dries her op. Foraging In tbs stalk field in winter will do more harm than good. She must be where the temperature approximates summer temperature If b U to make milk as he will la summer weather. Dont vend the cow to the field for her feed PRIZE-WINNER- S Y0U3 N LAST I CUBE i FOR A CHANCE I IN todee were found In the small late tin ear ths entrance of the comaon bite " Iipwlant Station and Foaltry. Within the past three years the expeduct, and also In the smaller bn duet." riment etatloni have given much attenfar up into the Jobes of the fir. t this time the eestode were from one-ha- lf tion to poultry, and the wise professors who had exhausted th field of cattle Inch to three Inches long d the were surprised at the amount feeding segments were not nature of work on their hands ftt the poultry enough to be breaking away from the line. They found that there wer a worms. As some ot the aheep w not thousand and one little details they responding properly to their ld, It had never anticipated, and Instead of was predicted that ell were Infested and th flock was Isolated. Neither si this winding up tbe experiments in n fen Ume nor at later autopsies were any month they hare been compelled to go on with their work for several years of ths broad tapeworms found th before they can glv results. Tbs conIntestines, and it la probable tbit the is that s great interest Is bepurging caused by the rape bad ex- sequence created in poultry, and those who ing In . ut them pelled September. Through the month of April, thirteen of these supposed that there was little or nothto learn have discovered that they sheep were slaughtered, tbe viscera ex- ing knew less about tbe management of Inamined, and every sheep was found poultry than of larger stock. The stafested with fringed cestodes. Tb tions have given much valuable Inforthe were most numerous is parasites mation on methods of feeding, and the enlarged bile duct of th liver, sod in disease of poultry have received spethe small Intestine near the orifice sf cial attention. Considering that the the bile duct, which was usually so interests are valuable, and tha; larged aa to easily admit an ordinary poultry lead pencil. A tew ot tbe gall eyett millions of dollars are made on the contained one or two of the ceetodes, farms every year from poultry, the at, tlon work will result in incalculable In six sheep the pancreas was also benefit Ex. I the fringed cestodes being found far up In "the pancreatic ducts, three Carrots for Horses, Of all root with Inches from the small Intestine. Tbe which horses are tempted, the condition of the sheep did not vary with as a rule. Is ths favorite, and carrot, the relative number of these Internal the most beneficial It is saidperhaps to be parasites, aome of th largest tnd fat- somewhat diuretic in its effects, and tn test sheep containing as many fringed txercls a salubrious Influence on th cestodes as the lighter weight sheep. skin. Certain it is that n sick borst All of the sheep were so carefully fed ay be coaxed into eating carrots whea aa to be thrifty and well nourished disinclined to partake of other nourish throughout the experiment This care, sent, and the greatest benefit results with thsir rapid fall fattening, caused For ths ailing horse carrots art mote their mutton to be of the best quality, rtlusble ss sn article of diet, and n few and by far th best obtainable In By be given with advantage even b Brookings this year. At later stages of l horse In healthy condition. Th tha trouble the eheep would have lost prince Edward Island Agriculturist. flesh and the emaciated would bare gome men never think of studying thus been mad unfit for eating. There Is no proof that th fringed eestode In- tbs frescoing on a church ceiling unti , plats Is paused around. fests human beings. The fringed eet-toresembles a liver fluke both 1b ap' . a LTO counterfeit pearance and effects. Both fatte si egg-beari- 1 It-- , DR. G, W. SHORES, (Strictly Reliable.) The Creates! Specialist In th World i in the Cur of Disease of Men. Thousands ot cured canes all over the United (states many In foreign countries. Th doctor a practice has grown so Urge ewinr to his marvellous cure that In a few months It will be imrioealble to enter The Grand Offer epon any new casee to men, "NOT A Nt KD BS W1I.L PS PAID UNTIL Cl'RFD. WITHDRAWN AFTER DECEMBER tt. 197, TAKE DUB NOTICE, if you ffeed tn doctor's services rut this out. as tt will not appear again after thst dat t. Tlie Old Doctor give every ease hfg peroonal attention and guarantees bo-lut- e privacy, strict confidence and a permanent cura. U you suffer from LOST MAN HOOD Weakness. Varicocele, Hydrocele, Syphlllia, Gonorrhoea, Stricture, small r shrunk premature old age or any other orgvis, whether private disease, caused by ignorance, excess or contagion, no matter how severe DR. C. W. SHORES, Lock Bos 1585, Salt lake City, Utah. CONSULTATION AM ADVICE FREE. WRITE COSE YtHJRSEtFI I h btg O for &nstBr! In Q Am tuAt irrtUatiuDB of MUemkUeao t to aoova feMOibraufo. iimEvMlCrtCtftCM Oo. 1 IoinloM, on4 oot r POMO&OM. T oM hj OHt I ftatl olrio wropo?t br oxproM, tog or hotfao, JK 74. li w Cinmlof ort oo j |