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Show 1 . ...... . " ' Thursday, October 11, 1928 THW BINGHAM mTTJ.WTTN.mNn AM CANV '' ' By ELMO SCOTT WATSON Drawing by Ray Walters. , --Wv TWSI iff I "T WAS John Adums, second Qs-- rt y i X 1 'TT President of the United :I J States, whose vision of the ""'-"- " """" -- Z iV" potentialities of America led cSkfrIx mmmm him to predict that the pop-- of the United States Uncle Sam's Family I Crown in 140 Year J Popnlntlnn 3.92H.2I4 T 6JWS.4NS t IHbw 7.2S0JWI t B.as.4rs T 12.MIII.020 T 17.IHIB.4M T 2H.1BI.SV6 T si.44S.sst T 8S,MS.87I J BO.I.W.TNS T HJ 84T.714 t 7ii.M.s7 f 9IO H1.H72.2UH T 4 t20 10.1.710.(12(1 T i U:to (Kutlmotrd t 132.0()(.0lt0 J 'l,,l''l',l''l''l''T,,l',T''H,'f,l' the state of manufacturing and the quintenulc: investigation of agricul-ture. At the same time the bureau will continue its annual routine of collecting statistics on births and deaths, Industrial and business condi-tions, financial facts relating to the cities a .d states and records of mar-riages and divorces. The preliminary work of mapping out the territory for the 1930 census Is being carried on now under he super-vision of William M. Steuart, director of the census. The first Job Is to get a description of all the political sub-divisions, some 100,000, In the United States and to obtain accurate maps for use In designating the enumera-tion districts. The count will be made not only of the millions who live with-in the boundaries of the 48 states but also In Alaska, Bawali, Porto Rico. The governors of Guam, Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Philippines and the Panama Canal Zone will be directed to take a census In the same year, according to plans to be approved by the director. The aitunl count of Uncle Sam's children vlll begin on May 1. 1030. and it is expected that the statistics on the total number will be available by December of thut year. Then will begin the enormous task of classifying and compiling the facts obtained In the enumeration and this will be han-dled by a small army of census bu-reau employees and a battery of self feeding tabulating machines, verifica-tion machines and automatic sorting machli.es. sometime exceed 200, Mulatlcn at a time when such seemed little than a wild flight of mJ Imagination and utterly ridic-ulous. Writing from London In 1780. while he was minister to the court of St James, Adams suld : "It has ever been my bobby horse to see rising In America an empire of liberty, and a prospect of 200,0(X),0()0 or 800,000,000 of freemen without one noble or king among them." It was John Tyler, tenth President of the United States, blessed with a similar vision, who mude a similar prophecy, though not so extravagant as Adams' but at the same time doubt-ful of fulfillment, and missed bis guess by only a few years and a relatively small number of miUlons of popula-tion. In a letter addressed to Col. Sam-uel Gardiner of Shelter Island, whose son married Tyler's daughter, and dated from the'ex-Presldent'- s country seat Sherwood Forest, Va November 28, 1SS0. Tyler said : "In a little more than half a century, a people who were regarded as little better than a host of murderers or sojourners among sav-age tribes have attained position among the first civilized powers. "With a spirit of adventure here-tofore unequuled by anything which bus occurred on the map of the world, there Is nnlted a deep plodding sagac-ity which crowns the most during en-terprises with success. Such a peo-ple, even had they attained that which Is denominated a stationary condition In regard to population, would not fail, to attract great and absorbing atten-tion. But when the reverse Is the fact when our poulatlon Is known to double In every period of twenty-fiv- e years, when having now a population of 25,000.000 that number, before the child now In the nurse's arms attains maturity, Is destined to reach nearly 50,000,000, and before that same child shall have passed the boundaries of middle age, to 100,000,000." Now that Uncle Sum Is preparing again to count hU children, for prep-arations for taking the decennial cen sus in 1930 are already under way in Wastiln-ton- , It is Interesting to check up on the predictions of these two Presidents and see Just how nearly right they were. Although Tyler's prophecy was a bit too optimistic, be was not far wrong. At the time bis letter was written the population of the country was 23,200,038. He pre dieted that it would double In the next 25 years and although there are no figures available for 1875 by 1880 It had reached 50,202,382, It had not reached the 100,000,000 mark by 1000, as bis prediction suggested, for Uncle Sam's children then numbered 76,129,-408- , and It was not until 20 years lat er that It reached the murk of Even though the "doubling" process which he prophesied did not continue consistently, there did take place the amazing growth In the na-tion of 50,000,000 people In half a century, or an Increase In population of 200 per cent. So Tyler's prophecy was not so ex-travagant as It must have seemed at the time. And when there is taken Into consideration th steady Increase during the 142 years since John Adums made known his vision, even his proph-ecy docs not now seem so funtustic. The census bureau estimates thut there were 120,013,000 people living under the Stars and Stripes on July 1, 1928 and that the census of 1930 will show a population of approximately 132,000,000. So John Adams' vision of "200,000.000 or 300,000.000 of freemen," though still in the future, does not now look so lmprobuble. Although Uncle Sum's decennial count of his childreu is not due to begin for two years yet, the inuchinery for accomplishing this huge task Is already in operation. Before congress adjourned lust May the house passed the census bill and it will be tuken up promptly by the senate when con gress convenes again In December. As It passed the house, the bill Included a new feature In census enumeration, that of accounting for retail and whole-sale distribution of commodities. For many years the government has col-lected statistics In regard to the pro-duction of commodities but none on distribution. The Inclusion of this feature In the 1930 census bill was suggested by Herbert Hoover, then secretary of commerce, and if the sen-ate passes the bill without eliminating this innovation, It Is believed that the facts thus obtained will form the foundation for a marked advance In the efficiency of our marketing sys-tem. The census will also assemble data on the subjects of Irrigation, drainage and mines as well as including the census bureau's biennial Inquiry Into tlJINtnilwmiimim'" ,, --fffi""""""""" i 'fnnnninnpiiip LITTLE BAND-WAGO- N JOURNEYS JiHUUIUUIJjJby l T. MERMIiLiiilPU,llll"ra,S!n The Divided Democracy in 1860 till 1924 did the Democratic NOT In any national convention take so uiany ballots on a nomination for President as In Its fateful con-vention of 1800 that was destined to break op the party and destroy Its strength for the next two decades as well as having a direct effect In hastening the "Irrepressible conflict" and dividing the nation in a bloody civil war. The show-dow- n on the Issue ot slavery In the last prewar Demo-cratic convention probably was In evltable. Stephen A. Douglas, the "IH tie glnnt" of Illinois who had been senator from his state In 1858 following his memorable series of Joint debates with Abrnhnro Lin-coln, represented the point of view of the northern wing of the Demo-cratic party, with a demand for "pop-ular sovereignty" on the question ot slavery In tha territories. The southern wing of the party stood etonchly to defense of slavery and against any measures taken to curb Its asserted rights of extension They succeeded for the first time In having the convention of the party held In the heart of the South, at Charleston, S. C surrounded by the strongest of proslavery influences. Even in a stronghold of slavery South Carolina Journals professed to fear that a Douglas claque would be Imported In sufficient numbers to In fluence the convention unduly. Charles-ton papers sold they hoped that northern partisans who were not actually delegates would stay away from the gathering, and In the enter-prise of keeping them away, ihe Charleston hotel and Inn keepers bv rolsins their rates to al Lincoln's First Nomination LINCOLN'S debate ABRAHAM A. Douglas m the slavery question In 1858 made him the logical man for the West to put for ward for Republican Presidential hon-ors In 186a After the success of his speech at Cooper Institute In New York and the enthusiastic reception he received in New England early In the election year, Lincoln himself be-came a receptive and active aspirant for the nomlnatloa The Republican convention of 1800 at Chicago was more neurly like the present-da- y national nominating gath-erings than any previous convention had been. The huge Wigwam, a build-ing erected especially for the occasion, with a. seating capacity of 10,(100 en-abled larger crowds than had ever attended a national convention to gather In the auditorium and for the first time by their cheering to take a large part In Influencing the proceed-ings of a nominating gathering. The niunngers on neither side were slow to try to use to good advantage psycho-logical effects of crowd support, but In the technique of mass demonstra-tions Lincoln's managers had rather the better of the show compared with the Impressarlos of any other con-tender. William H. Seward of New York, leading aspirant from the East, came to the convention with a contingent of several thousand supporters and a colorfully uniformed brass band. Bis myrmidons held a grand parade through Chicago streets and basked overlong In the acclaim of admiring crowds. This gave the Lincoln managers op-portunity to put Into effect a clever piece of strategy. They packed the convention galleries with Lincoln Bhouters and when the Seward pared- - ers finished their marching they found the siiace for spectators Jammed al-most to capacity. So hundreds of the Seward contingent, other than dele-gates, cooled their heels outside, while "Old Abe's" adherents, who filled the Wigwam, made the best of their oppor tunltles to whoop up enthusiasm for the Illinois rail-splitt- candidate. The Seward supporters bad been overconfident The night previous to placing the favorites' names in nomination they gave a big cham-pagne supper and went about sere nadlng the city with their band. But while they were imbibing liquid refreshment and marching, the Lin-coln leaders were swinging large num-bers of delegates to the Lincoln standard by the argument that Seward could not be elected If nomi-nated because of bis more radical ut-terances on the question of slavery than Lincoln had generally been ac-credited with making. The Sewardites had a stunning sur-prise coming to them the next day. They managed to make a great dem-onstration when their favorite was put In nomination, with a prizefighter of the time acting as cheer-leade- r. most prohibitory figures for those days. The newspapers exulted when It was noted that fewer than l.IiOO outsiders had come to the convention under these circumstances and gave ungrudging credit to the patriotic bonlfaces. Enough Douglas supporters were present however, to muke a deomn stratlon. But when Yankee delegates tried to march through the streets ot the convention city headed by a Np York military band, they were for bidden to do so by the authorities, who asserted such a demonstniiion would be contrary to the munlipu law which forbade band playlnp nft er ten o'clock at night lest the dnimn be mistaken for the dread alarm si nal of a slave uprising. Signs of an ominous cleavage alone sectional lines, already evident befort the convention met, were fully verified from the first In Its sessions For ten days the convention wrangled over nearly every subject that arose. Threats of bolting were Hung about by the southerners early In the pro ceedings. These threats actunlly ner carried out when the northern wing of the party refused to approve a platform plank upholding the prin-ciple of the Supreme court's famous Pred Scott decision favorable to slave-holders. At tills a large bloc of delegates from Alabama, Mississippi, Florida Texas. Louisiana. South Carolina. Georgia and a few from Arkansas Delaware and North Carolina stalked out of the convention, not to return The fact that the remaining dele gates Insisted upon a nomination be-ing made by a two-thir- vote of the original number. In accordance with the traditional rule of the party, augmented difficulties of trying to after the bolt-ers agree on a nominotion had left. Through 57 ballots, a record num ber up to that time, the convention buttled, with Douglas always In the lead, but with his greatest strength on any ballot only 1.12. while 20? were necessary for a choice. Finally, on the tenth day, despairing of any possibility of making a nominotion the convention voted to adjourn and meet two months later at Raltlmore. When the Baltimore convention as senibled, a temporary flooring In the parquet of the theater where the ses sions were held collapsed at the cen ter. rolling the delegates down Into scrambling mass. The opposition press commented upon this Incident a an ominous portent of the forthcora ing dropping out of the bottom of the party nor was such prophecy Idle. Convention dissensions of 1800 hope "Hundreds of persons stopped their ears In pain," testified Murat Hal-stea- Cincinnati editor, who declared the "shouting was absolutely frantic, shrill and wild," and of an 'Infernal Intensity" never equaled by any. Co-manche. But the Lincoln managers also had hired a couple of cheer-leader- s with stentorian voices. One of them the historian, Rhodes, declares had shout-ing power with which he could make himself heard above the howling of the loudest storms on Lake Michigan. The same authority says the other leather-lunge- d worthy was a Demo crat, engaged solely for bis recog-nized ability to organize a claque. The puir of them were put in charge of the Lincoln cheering section. The resulting uproar In the Lincoln nstration - was put down by the Cincinnati eXIItor as "beyond de-scription." "1 thought the Seward yell could not be surpassed," be wrote, "but the Lincoln boys were clearly ahead, and, feeling their victory, as there was a lull In the storm, took deep breaths all around, and gave a concentrated shriek that was positively awful, and accompanied It with stamping that made every plank and pillar In the building quiver." When the victory for Lincoln came, such a deafening tumult burst forth Ogata that a cannon which was being fired on the roof of fne Wigwam to signalize the result could not be heard Inside the building. When the roll call of the third bal-lot was taken, Lincoln was found to lessly split the party, resulted in twa Democratic tickets being put Into the field, and contributed to the fli-s- t Re publican victory that put Ab-uha- m Lincoln Into the White House and led to the secession of the South. be Just one and a half votes short of a victory. Then Ohio switched four votes to the Lincoln column, and some other states changed their votes tip the rall-sptltt- bad a total of 854. or 21 more than a majority, when the nomination wa made unanimous by acclamation. John Tyjer shed tars when Henry Clay, his favorite for the Whig noml-nation- , was defeated by Thurlov Weed's doctrine of availability In the Whig convention of 1839. Now it was the turn of Weed, a former law part-ner of Seward, to see bis own doc-trine used with deadly effect against the New York favorite son, and at Seward's defeat he was "completely , unnerved" and "even shed teara. IlikctodrivewlthChan FHonSparkPIugsbecause with engine trouble due to faulty spark plugs. Champion is the better spark plug became It hat an exclusive sllli snanite insulator spe dally treated to with 'jEE. stand the much higher t temperature! ot the fc modern hlgh-conipr- wtiwJ alon engine. Also anew rii ff ' patented solid copper BTfa V 1J absolutely gas-tig-ht I WJfL 1 under high compres- - WMf 1 ion. Special analysis Tjrrf V electrodes whlchassure jgf J a fixed spark-ga- p under igitf all driving conditions. CHAMPION SparJCPlugs Toledo. Oilo 884 Dependable for Every Engint l P f monoSram 111 1'' j on the top ofevery 11 I I Cunningham tube ut 11 M v'"e Proof f "zX ilt integrity tei andquality. What Will When ijour Children Cry for It There Is hardly a household thai hasn't heard of Castorla I At least five million homes are never without It If there are children In your family, there's almost dally need of its com-fort And any night may find you very thankful there's a bottle in the housa Tust a few drops, and that colic or constipation is relieved; or diarrhea :hecke& A vegetable product ; a baby remedy meant for young folks. Castorla s about the only thing you have ever leard doctors advise giving to Infants. Stronger medicines are dangerous to a dny baby, however harmless they may M to grown-up- s. Good old Castorla I Remember the name, and remember to buy it It may spare you a sleep-es- s, anxious night It is always ready, always safe to use ; In emergencies, or for everyday ailments. Any hour of the jay or night that Baby becomes fret-fu- l, or restless. Castorla was never nore popular with mothers than It Is oday. Every druggist has It The Count Lemuel Bolles, former national com-mander of the American Legion, told a Nw York reporter a story of his return from Paris. "A surgeon," he said, "was giving us some of his war reminiscences at a Paris banquet Be bad cut off a soldier's arm, lie said, and afterwards he certified that the man was unfit for any more fighting. Back came the question from headquarters why was the man unfitT The surgeon replied that It was because he had only one arm. Back came the answer again : "'Bow do you know he only has one arm?" "The surgeon replied : " T counted If " It Is vain to trust In wrong. The Cigar Store Indiana We are asked what has become of the wooden Indians that used to stand out In front of the cigar stores In the cities. We suppose they have Joined the movies nfld are used In the west-erns that thrill the. very small boys of today. We'll never forget the first wooden Indian In full wa. paint that brandished his tomahawk at us when we went to St. Louis to take In the fair. We swung onto the Indian as we came around the corner on Market street near the old Union market and our Adam's apple will never come nearer leaving us than It did when we saw tte uplifted tomahawk and the set face of that wooden terror. Cen-tralis (Mo.) Fireside Guard. Cost of a Census The first census cost about $44,000. The 1910 census cost nearly $10,000,-000- . In 1930 it will probably cost $35,-000,0- fo 'the government to collect all the Information that It will re-quire. Reduced to a per capita basis, however, this is under 30 cents a per-son. New York Herald-Tribun- Pocket Sundial A pocket sundial is ifmong the many curios In the collection at Old Court bouse, Hampton court, England, where Christopher Wren lived. It bad a hinged style with a mov-able pointer. At the top end is a compass and on the back are the names of several towns In various countries, each Indicated by a number. To tell the time at any particular place, the number of the town is ascer-tained from the list at the back, and the style adjusted so that the pointer corresponds to the number of the town. The dial is then turned so that it faces north, and the time Is given oa the dlaL 1790, and the law gave nine months for the completion of the work. Double this time elapsed, however, before all the returns were in. Com-munication then was slow and uncer-tal- a The Americans of t:at day, par-ticularly in the rural districts, re-garded the census enumerators with some suspicion, and there were those who thought these agents of the fed-eral government really aimed at get-ting Information on which to base an Increase of taxes. The report of the first census Is contained In an octavo volume of fifty-si- x pages. Discolored and crumbling with age, this little book is very rare. The census bureau has two of the few copies in existence, and the Library of Congress one. A comparison of this little book, eight by five inches In size, with the hundred and more quarto volumes, twelve by nine inches, with an aggre-gate of more than 40,000 pages, which the census bureau Issues In the course of a dee'de, illustrates strikingly the expansion of the census work. New York Herald Tribune. The First Census The first census, taken in 1790 cov-ered only population. The count was made within a year from the date of the inauguration of President Wash-ington, and the assembling of the First congress of the United States. The enumerators took the name of the head of each family, together with the total number of persons In the family, classified as free or slave. The count began on the first Monday in August, |