OCR Text |
Show 9 T1IE 3I0IIXIXG EXAMINER, SUNDAY, JUNE 12, IDO I. "' f JLrrJjCiXTJirrT or COTVTifSz 3rrzC&r; -- ?z32e A Court For Young ' Law Breakers. BT RICHARD EL3RIDGB. In New York etty there I. B raff, im'i Court. If a boy or girl u ta. .of ago or under la accueed of bnakise the law or le neglected by lie guest, the eaae la tried In the Children'. Ctowt formerly auch eaeea went to any of tin city courts, and little children, many of whom had not meant to do wrong; wen brought In contact with hardened erlm. nala. That waa very bad for thw . fl young peopla, ao a law waa i tabllahlng thla court for children. Erery In week the except Saturday aaf day Sunday there la a Keeton, and ehllliw of all also from babes In anna to tall lads and UAtales almost fully grown II a child la a treated for an offense to Is not sent to Jail, but la put In the ear. of the Children's Society or the deny Society, aa It le commonly call'd, Iren the name of thetounder, Coamodm Elbridge Gerry. The society the little culprit la bathed, food and a comfortable bed to sleet k while In Its ear and an agent of to society appears with tothe accused chill si la the court. There enda lawyer, see that Ik to defend the child legal rights are maintained. Most of the children are poor. Dak wrongdoing often Is the result of hit of proper noma training; Humetlna however, children appear In the Children Got and theirs are usually the hardest ana well-can- well-dress- to docfdtb A few WMki ago a llttla girt iM nine years of age wu brought M ha eourt by her parent They toll eld could do nothing Judgs that they ilabeL Bhe was cheerful end ham " M home, but she would run away. ran off no often on her way totosokm wilt hired an attendant that they her. Then she gave the attendant to tlm and got swsy jwj slip time after Us the same. Bhe would wander about streets of New York, would playing, ualOf ll creep grew dark; than the In a corner some hallway, ettrl up PoHos would go to sleep. Here tlie her to the police (tstloa Sometimes aha would refuse to give M gsre t at othw tlmreown,shsand name, and was xi4 not her name that addrre The. gave a wrong found where shepoll lli however, always JL. and returned herto would do thie trick eometlmes or ill timet I montB. w father and b t&'ttharota her to the. CMldrene and the Judge asked 'sw away, but she refused to say a Vry you do said the. JufUt.JJI,2 will he glad to stay m yw And he Is to the asylum at ths PF fromBosM A became to New Ywk think h well, jo u as amounting to 14.000 or 10,000; The moot wonderful of all the riveting hammers now In use In American manufacturing plants to a Mg fellow which weighs 00 pounds and has a nlne-llnc-h stiuk hitting at a speed of 000 blows per mlnut Of eours ths rain of blows administered by this hammer does not compare with the pummeling produced by the smaller machine which, with strokes of from ono to four Inche have the almost Incredible speeds of from 1,400 to LEO strokes per mlnut ( according to tho sis Compressed air Is also being need with marvelous success la the always more or Ices troublesome work of puncturing or cutting steel. For Instanc there are In use today a variety of mechanical A fairly borer known as air drill representative one to of IS pounds weight and will drill In cast Iron up to a thickness of two Inche or pierce steel 1 Inches thick. Such a drill requires for lie operation about 26 feet of air per In minute at a pressure of N pound shipyards and boiler manufactories. and In some locomotive building plant the visitor may witness another odd employment or compressed air, namely, lu utilization for painting great surfaces which would require weeks of steady work to be covered by coot of hnnd, hut when quickly don when It to applied by compressed paint The lr. apparatus used for this power a dlstano very much painting ha at of the appearance garden hoes attached to paint reservoir, and the painter sprays tlie liquid upon thn surface to be painted very much town with man might sprinkle ns to Inches In diameter end weighing from to 73) pound In operation tho workman site upon a platform behind the nuichliio which he controls by means of handles. The pick to shut against the coal by inruns of compressed air at a pressure of from 10 to 90 pounds striking with a force and spued which can readily be adjusted to rnngo from MO to ISO blows per minute, each blow having a force, according to tlie adjustment, of from S to l.MW pounds. That the employment of these mining machines docs not Involve extravagant expense may readily be appreciated when It to stated that the sura of 110.000 will suffice to perimental purposes, until Brand used dlnary atmospheric conditions, but as fully equip a mine with a capacity of It In sinking caissons while budding the piston .advances toward the closed MO tons per day. end the pressure of the Imprisoned air bridges ever the Thames. Its ImporA subject akin to compressed air mintance In connection with caisson opera- naturally Increases and Anally the valve tion continues to this day, end, indeed. connected with the receiver lllte and ing to compressed air haulage In coal It Is doubtful It with all their daring; the piston forces the now compressed mines. In the Infancy of mining the Yankee engineers would have dared atair Into tho storage reservoir. The pis- methods of drawing coul from the bowas such Brookthese of the ton is, ot course, shoved ahead by a els of the earth were primitive piers tempt Louis the and Bridge lyn Bridge; ft, piston rod. which la In turn connected cruel. First It was dragged through tlie other structures where deep foundations with some form of engine. are necessary had they not beea asThis to the simple operation of a underground chambers and along the sured of the aastalanco of compressed air compressor. Where, subterranean passages on sledges drawn and girls who wei e used as air. Just hate It may be noted also however, it to desired to civs ths stored by that the use of compressed air In air power to do an Immense amount of beasts of burden. Then cams the car work It to compressed successively to running on wooden stringers, which in service led to lu utilisation iu divThe simplest time gave rises to Iron rails and finally ing bells; which war at one time of two or more cylinder great Importance la excavating under rinse of machines used In generating dugs, puiiics. mules snd horses were water. Of lets years the diving bell baa this kind of power produce compressed beea rep'aced by the diving suit, and air ranging In pressure from 6 to M substituted for hand labor In hauling. As a king step lu advance came the this also Involves aa Important use of pounds per square Inch: the intermedicompressed air. ate else compressors store up the coiupicsKid sir locomotive which to now Te appreciate the theory of com pressed to from at ranging to be fuund In operation on more than air It is necessary to remember that air to Ml pounds pressures Per square Inch and the to a substance, and has properties like largest type of apparatus enable the 1011 mine railroads In the fnltcd States other substances. It to elastic and can air lo exert a pressure of trura MO to and a nuni!er In foreign countries. expand or bo compressed. When It to kflflO pounds per square Inch. or nn air locoThe R". r'i mecli.'inu-tremendous eompresssed It acquires In no Industrial Held Im compressed fores; Just as doea water or steam when air quickly corns Into more general use motive, cylinders, vaive motion, frame, Imprisoned within a vessel of limited than In mining, and particularly eon! wheels, etc. to similar to that of a sue. A word may bo said at tho outset mining. Mechanical miners oieralr1 by regarding theto manner in which thla compressed air have virtually driven stcain locomotive except that the bearcompression accomplished, for the out the hnnd pick, und It ings are l.irccr and every detail of the average person who has not InvestiIs predicted that tlis time la not fur construction stronger. The main points to end ths congated subject, when the pick mine will be an of difference In the versant with compressed airmerely design are that Inaa an elab- distant The Installation unknown Institution. oration of tho force found In tho of compressed air mining machinery has stead of tlie usual taller and water acpopgun, knows only that it to reduced the cost of production, increased cessories for developing strum power, produced by some sort of pump. ths output and cnnbled the mine oper- the air Ijecmntlve Is equipped with one The air compressor as tho producing ator I to dodge the bnglienr of a scarcity mechanism In termed to provided nr more slrocgly constructed storage with ere charged with com- at a high pressure, usually pounds to the square Inch L'Xfi pounds and apparatus MO izjs JL BY WALDOX FAWCETT. In the Americas Industrial world to fey three forces are doing the work which waa formerly performed by steam. Compressed air and electricity at present not only perform much of the toll which formerly fell to the lot of ateam-drivappliances, but they are rapidly encroaching upon the domain of the manual laborer. The general public doea not, perbapa, bear aa much about the achievements of compressed air aa it does about the utilisation of doctrinal energy, and yet In a way the employment ot the stored atmosphere hao introduced Into our workaday g world a and labor-savinfactor that vies with any other twentieth-century innovation. Pneumatic tools and other appliances and compressed-ai- r haulage or transportation have performed the greatest wonders In mining, quarrying, shipbuilding. boilermaklrg and other kindred purl ulls, but thla by no mesne covrra the entire range of usefulness of this novel force, The all has been harnaaeed to operate street cars la several cities, end, like electricity, this unique form of energy Is even Invading the domestic realm, where Its adaptabtlM has rendered ty for sweeping and dusting moA en time-savin- g progressive housecleaning easy. diste baa Introduced a fine lunatic dreM form; In business offices pneumatlo letter copybooks have appeared: Ion-do- n bus a pneumatlo clock, and thue uses might bo the list of continued Indefinitely. modern discoverer of com pressed Tie enair was tirunel, the great English To lie sure, gineer, compressed air Is as old as the hills, dating back to tune of Hero of Alexandria, hut it waa el liUia use to the world, except fur ex new-fou- tl-.- JJoccspaoizrvz: . ad er tline-hnnnr- I ; I fur feeding thla air to the cylinders at ordinary working pressure; say 140 pounds. The locomotives are charged at stations located on the main line; ths time consumed lo charging. Including coupling and uncoupling being from one to two enlnute A compressed air locomotive of fair else costs about IS.E00 and from 13 to M per day to the total cost of operating one of these light engines which does the work of from 10 to 40 animals, compressed air locomotives are also coming Into extensive use for conveying material from one part of a manufacturing plant to another and for all the varied usee of the standard contractors locomotive. One of the most Important of all the usee of compressed air le found In Its employment for the operation of the pneumatlo hammers, drills, rivets and other tools In general use lu railroad boiler shops and shops, shipyard manufacturing plants generally. Every one of the thousands of rivets In modern steel steamer are driven by machine which are light and short, rendering them portable In the highest degree. These pneumatlo hammers consist of a simple apparatus, ths fundamental feature of which to a piston moving rapidly backward and forward Inside of a cylinder and striking the rivet to be driven into place. These mechanical riveters appeared on the scene Just In the nick of time, for the Increase In the size of ships has rendered ths plating so heavy that to hold it requites a rivet too Inrge to be promptly driven by hand. With the aid of compressed air ths whole operation of driving a rivet Is ccmplc-t-much more quickly Ihaa by hand, and as Indicating what an Immense saving la time end labor to effected it may be stated that three men and a heater boy will drive from Nt to LOOO rivets In a day. Figured In dollars and cent. It has been ascertained that the mechanical riveter reduces the cost from one to two rents per rivet over the old method of doing the work by hand, which means that la a large ship there a saving water. Railroads are employing com pressed purposes then construction work In their shop For Instance, many baggage care are now equipped with miniature elevators Operated by compressed air, which hoist trunks into tho car In short order and with no strain on tho muscles of the bagwnge men. At many railroad aendhouses there ere pneumatic appliances for feeding the ary sand to the sand boxes of the locomotive which tarry to receive this very essential article, and there are even railway cos I storage yards where the entire work of handling the fuel end It to ths locomotive is carsupplying ried on by compressed air. Compressed air ha a wide field of usefulness In quarrying operation embracing not only the cutting of the stone, but Its well. as handling Compressed air haa air for other been extensively employed In aU recent It urns one of tunneling enterprise the most Important sources of energy In the digging of New York city's great it tunnel, and to to ha similarly utilised In the construction of ths monster tunnel to be constructed by the Per.nsylvena Railroad Company under the Hudson River. WALDOX FAWCETT. rapid-trans- S5KtIididW.toVbo all of hie money, spend aa notified and sent monrj. " cxjwriesrs "oSth ,rKLBo?lfsI,hoT" $ foemaTftonement for rent For two or three very high rooms a tl dark 0 a month, anda very hoSi for aone can get Jgoa h(fflmuch money. Ij where about ttof Jg?that calved word not tong fr.,Ja lanwould have to 111 ee were very "dlgnitand lord and th Janltree were hotn hated. and of tto ! rtjrno2?r One Sunday plsy to U boys who lived The Ing In the etroet. called the door and so much noise." Bah I they retortedSb retroa" throw stones at to. flret "to, thru-- j her quarters on ths stones followsd bar. f urloiS ths window 527 had and engry tb CbB; When they were brought Into y th next day the dren's Court the atones aj that they had thrown itrere wKt said that th Their turf eoapsuda on them. and stood up M In court, to boy abut ana t)i six boys had throve stow 1 Icemen testified to eeja Mlr non Th window Their w6: 11 a and fined th hoy each paid the fine ere grumbled, hut took her boy home. uttl I A poor but neatly dJ7?5r came Into court on Monday g, she had th and testified that for mUUto liver three hsta anda that previous Saturday had corns up to to, anmSJL aft puma and handing U to which they ran sway oy. eould. Bhe ran aftor tneni. ,001 ber all with out Ing men. hearing her, cam up the boy ra boTr Are you sure thee . th Judge asked her. an I am? she replied. JJj.'anf of hands her th Honing at th eould not make her WES, widow IJw , the)nltrarao .. t- 'J ui ea1 Judge tail istoj statements In g the boys stoutly denied Ihal they her puree or that they had res' little girl. puto, ith H.Wie They did take bit the reasserted in ; y want them trfoiJudg 1 don't prtoon." Bhe atogan court Wteiuun,, bg g ble so that take her In his arms If 5 would be nil right. Rh The Judge ares to"?h r i remanded Ha tto"J? gjv boy the Gerry Society them to a nn of;i(L then he sentenced months In sn Institution g' Jto young offender rent too. end '? .tJP-Julre- n of took better car would not do such Hung W |