Show 0 11 l OITf1G T 6 HE southwestern section of the United States Is a proylnco that presents many special characteristics of physlogra phy climate resources and capabilities which nro not as U b well known as they deserve to ho Tho term southwest la usually applied to Now Mexico Arizona and southern California Califor-nia an area of about the size of Now England Now York Pennsylvania Maryland and the Virginias Much public attention at-tention has of lato been attracted to Arizona and New Mexico in connection with their admission ad-mission to statehood and one gratifying result of this has been a greatly Increased Interest In their resources and conditions Excluding tho populous and thrifty coast region of southern California the southwest Is the most thinly populated and least developed portion of the country south of Alaska As this condition is duo mainly to a climate so arid that but little can bo raised without Irrigation Irri-gation Its future development Is to be measured meas-ured by the utilization of tho vast volume of waters nnur crnttifr to waste This water flood waters now going t J can be applied to millions of acres of lovel y si lands with rich soil which with tho unending v t r t sunshine of Its mild cll mate will respond with large and profitable crops Unfortunately there r c fart M w r Is not enough water for all tho land but there IB sufficient If all woro utilized to support a population xnnnlgr Vs y ° y a yl f < 1 many times as largo nw ° t s as tho present ono Tho r government la I now spending 12000000 In u r reclamation projects In Arizona and Now Mexico Mex-ico which supply water r 1 r n x u fir 1 for nearly onehalf million mil-lion acres of fertile > lands This will give p Sd groat Impetus to development devel-opment and In time kJ t Cut a + A > h n r s when settlers take up c Ow w the reclaimed land thero will be a large gra aeOOXEZ > GJJ lG Increase productions In Its agricultural r k JonG lRLL4y 6ALZFORUEd v n uu of about S20000onn 20000000 year while In the Inland districts the mining Industry Is the largest source of revenue Por lianas of the southwest are > richly productive of various minerals notably those of copper and recently southern California has become a heavy producer of petroleum The value of tho copper oil and other products of the ground aggregates about 75000000 a year It is probable that further exploration will disclose largo additional supplies of ores of various kinds especially those of low grade which will prove profitable under Improved methods of reduction Tho southwest presents a variety ot topographic topo-graphic features and many of Its economic resources are closely related to them There Is great range In altitude with corresponding variation In climatic conditions Ono of tho most salient features Is the wide high plateau of northern Arizona which reaches an altitude alti-tude of 8000 feet It is surmounted by various vari-ous volcanic peaks notably San Francisco peak which Is 12C11 feet above sea lovel To the east this district merges into an Irregular series of high plateaus constituting tho western half of New Mexico To tho west and south it drops by huge 1 steps into the great region of desert valleys or bolsoms of Nevada western Arizona and southeastern California These deserts are wide long plains lying between mountain ridges of varying lengths and heights ridges which are all very rooky and mostly treeless and trend north and south Diagonally across southern California there extends tho long curving ridge of the Sierra Madro and San Bernardino mountains between be-tween which and the ocean lies the large oval area known as the valley of southern California Califor-nia This valley Is the great citrus fruit district dis-trict and Los Angeles There are two great rivers in the southwest south-west tho Colorado and the Rio Grande The Colorado river has boon compared to the Nile and tho similarity Is notable Both arc streams of the first rank rising In high mountains moun-tains and finally crossing a broad region of semitropical nearly rainless deserts Both empty Into seas in nearly the same latitude and their lower courses are through wide deltas del-tas of fertile soil Tho annual overflows add now sediments fertile with plant food and at a time favorable for the crops The agricultural capabilities are closely similar but while much of tho lower Nile valley val-ley is utilized the Colorado valley is Just beginning be-ginning to be settled The watershed area of the Colorado with its two head branches tho Croon and tho Grand is over 200000 square miles its course 2000 miles In length and Its annual discharge Is 11000000 acrefeet or enough to cover that number of acres one foot deep The sediment which it carries each year into the gulf Is estimated to bo sufficient to cover 53 square miles ono foot deep For 200 miles of Its course across the high plateau of northeastern Arizona It cuts tho wonderful Grand canyon which In places Is nearly a lIe deep South of the Canyon It flows mostly H Itrojfcl valleys but guts through several des i J L 1 1 i GJff117k 7IPRODUd ERIalr ry f4 > 9il Y r a 4yy ass r In tho great rnnnf zb region of southern California d t biennia with a population i it popula-tion of nearly GOO 000 t is tho principal product t Is tho orange and other CAMIYD GAtnrotr oP TUG 6OLORLlDO q oth-er fruits with a value OM TUB ffANCS TAIL I ort ridges finally final-ly passing out Into the wldo delta del-ta plain extending extend-ing to its mouth The Rio Gran do is a largo river rising In the mountains of Colorado traversing trav-ersing New Mexico Mex-ico from north to south and finally constituting the boundary line between be-tween Texas and Mexico Tho definition of a desert given by the dlctlona I n l rlos a dry sandy region without vegetation or Inhabl tnnta la defective and the Idea that It Is necessarily nec-essarily flat Is erroneous Most portions of the average desert bear an extensive though somewhat widely spaced flora Many desert regions contain numerous settlements the Sa barn desert for Instance having a P ° Pula ° nor n-or 500000 Loose sand Is a minor feature and much more prevalent on the seacoasts and along tho bottom lands of rivers There are wide areas of bare rocks and the larger deserts des-erts Include mountains ridges mesas and deep canyons The deserts of the southwest are regions of very scanty rainfall > parts of them having only three Inches a year and evaporation of eighty Inches or more thJn1 canyon Is the miledeep gorge cut by the Colorado river across the high plateau of northern Arizona The view from the rim reveals tho most stupendous panorama Imag inable for one sees Into an area of about COO square miles oiled with an endless variety of most rugged topographic forms of many beautiful beau-tiful colors On the skyline ten to fifteen miles away Is the edge of a wide reaching pin tcnu and in the middle ground of the picture flows the Colorado rlvor nearly a mile below ones feet Tho features are so glgantlo and so plainly In view that all sense or scale Is lost and T snot s-not until one has been down to the bottom of the canyon at the river lovol that any adequate sense of proportion can bo gained The canyon was discovered by Cardenas who went to its edge In 1510 on a branch Tin from Coronados expedition on Information ob tanned by Tovar from the Hopi Indian The original name given to tho rlvor was Tison Spanish for firebrand and It Is to be regretted that the name has not boon retained to aJSd the present confusion duo to tho river having the same name as tho state Coon butte another of the greatest wonders In our country Is also situated In the southwest south-west but owing to its wcs distance from the railroad rail-road It Is seldom visited It is n great crater like bowl in the plateau about ten miles l south of Canyon Diablo station Tho crater u < n f r 1 a rv A rr r N r t a m n WESTERN Jtew MEXICO PU JBJO OF Zvtv Wt about 4000 feet wide and COO deep encircling rim of with an Irregular loose rock fragments irom 120 to ICO feet high The petrified forests attract many visitors especially the most accessible acces-sible one south of Adamana a station on the Santa Fo railroad a few miles east of Holbrook There Is a largo quantity of the material In sight hero some of It In largo logs One of those a natural logs spans a small draw as bridge Arizona possesses a very picturesque pictur-esque natural bridge of limestone spanning Pine creek In Gila county pry 3 1 r a d APTdlN OF rHe J1ffYON HRTHIf rGRJr A131Za1cr 70 miles south of Flagstaff It docs not however rival ri-val the great bridges recently discovered 1 n Utah Its span Is 80 feet Its height about 125 feet and its length 1 up and down the creek Is over 400 feet Canyon do Chelly Is one of the most notable scenic features In Arizona but It Is so far off tho main line of travel trav-el that It Is rarely rare-ly visited It Is cut deeply Into soft sandstones which rise In vertical ver-tical walls with 1f m an y outlying pinnacles and monuments Some of these features fea-tures appear also In the great wall of red sandstone on the north side of the wide do presslon through which the Santa Fe railroad crosses thi continental divide east of Gallup tff thr One of the most remarkable pinnacles of this wall Is fancifully termed the Navajo Church Few persons who travel across tho southwest south-west realize that In Arizona and Now Mexico there are enormous forests of valuable timber and that the lumbering Is an Important industry Indus-try in both territories there are several large forest reservations and one of these In Arizona Ari-zona the Coconino forest with nearly GOOO square miles is tho largest single reservo in the United States The total forest area reserved re-served In Arizona Is 15250130 acres or moro than 21000 square miles and In New Mexico there arc 10971711 acres or more than 17000 square miles Southern California also has several largo reserves The ° conlno forest In Arizona occupies part of the great plateau In which the Grand Canyon Is cut and extends to the brink of the canyon Tho visitor to the southwest usually takes keen interest III the Inlllans who are numer ous not only along the main lines of travel but In many remote villages Some tribes notably the Apaches who continued to bu troublollonll until 11 relatively recent date have become famous for the mIsdeed that ma terlally retarded the development of Arizona and western New Mexico Now however a1 Is pence and tranquillity Thu newspapers es Icclally eastern ales occasionally print no Counts of uprisings but those prove to bo local quarrels with a few individuals The Indiana of the southwest kinds are of two littering greatly In most ot their char MterlrtlcB Ono 1s 1 < < the nOlllad cd by the Apaches type represent Navajos thin Yunlls Pa Ilngoe8 and PltniJ9 and other Is MO smaller trIbes tho uuob type which Is of 2G comprised Pueblos Lr villages I os scattered through central and w estrm New Mexico HopI reserve In nurthwestorn Arizona and In tho Probably theca Is greater In the pueblo popular interest DEOIla for their settlements arc permanent and mostly very ancient an religious ceremonies are extremely el and picturesque They live in villages crab I hundred Inhabitants In 8ubstanUa or adobe houses some of which are In rising in tiers to n height of four or rles with streets and central I plaza peaceful and Industrious raising crops by Irrigation They have herds of cat sheep and spinning weaving and their garments Is one of their Imports patlons Work appears evenly divided betwe and woman in the queblos The men farming tend to the cattle and sheep hunting build the houses and haTe an smaller trod occupation women do th I work grin I com mat blanket clothes The tbi generally 1 toby to-by the p People and with the a home life pie h ospl which the offerThe The h eaturei southwest the beauty coast region special cite vantages j d i t large nun tourists and seekers e < In I winter a year sees aj tlal Increase Influx of vtl Because I dry air and mild climate the Douthre come famous as a health resort espeej u those having tuberculosis of theresflrj e gans The percentage of cures made th Mexico Arizona and California great t be It alargerprd would much greater a e those who are seeking health caalatti I r necessary to come before the vlUJtj ac greatly diminished and then to Hij he favorable conditions the most esM a which is to bo out of doors as Did h I sible It Many healthseekers spend nostl uJ money In railroad faro to reach titj t resorts Physicians do a great wrotl far troJ tients in sending them so er friends and care without means tol tit suitable quarters nourishment anil o to sustain them while making til at against death I rdl The climate of the southwest pral h slderablo variety but In all the lo afl tho winters are delightfully mild i n where blue sky is In evidence for a s 300 days In the year The suna her warm in the southern desert ami log decidedly hot for several months M abc air even then Is much more endraB tl tho sultry summer weather of the tm n1 central states Sunstroke Is mbfl orT laborers continue their work wltteH ter Tho valley of southern CallforJB her tected from the cold northern vIcB t I hi by high mountain ranges while to It is open to the Pacific Owlntifl r h liar configuration of the coast III fornia current from the north Is defl h near Point Conception and heocefl ac ern California shores have wateruB er about ten degrees than those to tie Wa This beneficent climate is res er the giant Industry of fruit growled hi made California famous over the I ly fornla furnishes the major part tt li large amount of oranges and otl li fruits consumed in tho United 5 A this business has been the potent d development of southern Callforni ii The orange and other citrus b southern California havo an output as 30000 carloads a year with a Ml t more than 15000000 a mast of tho mountains In south hernia her-nia is an extensive desert count e It without water but large arW hi reached by ditches from tho 0 ° k1 00 The most notable district of the I iOn uhf Mexican Ml of Snlton desert near tho lonely tow years ago this was a IwPl lit ding region but now by aid of the Colorado river It has BtteniJ al settlements with 100000 PwPIe Il r acres of cultivated land TW Pj rr bas iii > or valley known as Imperial rich sol sad o development and with tars 018 results Ical climate phenomenal tatted when water is applied roJ ° ct Tb One of tho best known p I wblcbt Or tho of cantaloupe region Is r don W over 1800 CAts shipments are valley con i n million dollars This 8CIV I ak 100000 acres of land and just akt lean 20000 moro line are mI u Tho great oil fields of C HWJ br and southern part of tho state all d thoy prom > crooning production couolA tit count largest Ilrodu ers In the to ton V i r1 |