Show aft ion FM M W air view of british housea of parliament prepared Prepare cl by the national geographic society washington wahington D a 0 1111 british get general leral election Tern which recently turned tinned the gov eminent ment over oer to tile the labor party and reversed numerous poI policies cIes also rought brought into prominence the cabinet form government of ot which differs markedly from rom the form followed in the united states during the pusi pasi two decades one of the outstanding world develop developments men ts i hasteen tins has been the spread of the responsible system before the world war broke up the autocracies of europe prance ans ana the only republic on the continent employing ln the british form of cabinet govern meat now the list includes include s besides france finland Eln land latvia lithuania poland germany czecho slovakia slovak la and austria recent to permit members of the united states cabinet to be pre pie sent on the floor of the senate and house find and to take part in debate on matters concerning their departments ser ceries vesto to bring out the alie differences between the privileges and duties of I 1 lie he cabinet members of various countries to begin with will tile cabinet of the united states Is a cabinet tn in name only for the government of the united states Is in no sense a cabinet as are ae the governments of great britain and Pr france atice and thae e of a targe large number of the lie other lending leading coll countries of the world there Is not e even en formal sanction for the existence of our cabinet as sin an aila ory ell council unell to the president at the members have an undoubted legal status as heads fiends of the various edmin Istra tive departments but the pres ires ident ideal need never pall aall them together president Pies ident washington hell held no c cobl a bl net meetings at first and president wilson did not edit call his department heads together for a period of many months when the president does re cehe the advice of tits his cabinet he Is under no obligation to follow it great britaina Brit ains cabinet great greaf britain Is the mother of denb cabinets as well as tile hie mother of parliaments lia ments 11 iler her cabinet la is not of a clyed size and while most mern members hers are heads of departments there may imy he be members without portfolio who have no special duties in direct contrast to the situation in the united states every member muse must he be a member of ill either the lo 10 lower er or upper house of if parliament all have seats in both houses bouses and not only have tile the privilege of debating but also of voting of greatest importance when an important vote in the house of com mons goes against the cabinet its members must resign so as to permit a new cabinet usually of the opposing political party to be formed the cabinet under the british system Is really a committee of the house of commons which the party in power permits to manage all executive nf af fairs and to shape and lead all legislative action the cabinet in action li s the ren real government while it functions the prime minister la is the ithe real ruler end and parliament Is his inspru anent but there are checks and balances the house of commons can force tile the resignation of bf the cabinet and the cabinet can force the dissolution of i the house th the e matter is fa thus thui put squarely up to tho the people who ft ho elect another house from the majority party of which a new cabinet la is chosen practically all of the other part of the western world Is 19 under cabinet government this includes all of ku fu rope except russia and switzerland south africa and the french po portions artion of north africa canada brings a largo large part of north america into the fill cabinet column in the kast bast ali australia tr 0 i i a an and d N new e v Z zealand e s altin d have true cabinet 0 b 1 n et g governments ova r n men t s J japan apan has it slightly plight ly modi modified fled form and china a nominal one the constitutions of most of the th countries of the western hemisphere have hao been tipon modeled after that of the united with nit an absence of responsible cabinets chile Is the only republic of the new world with a cabinet whose members both sit in congress and must resign when there Is a formal vote of inck of coliff dench traced back to tc runnymede Runny wede tile british cabinet form of government came into existence by a berlos serifs of happy Be enuse the tild id privy council became stich it 11 large un nil wieldy body the king fell into the habit of consulting with only out the ali r ry few y leaders tin holding liling it aronal in ON lis cabinet or private short tt ly rigl nid lail lind had two gor man kings who could not understand english and the cabinet cou council wa mus permitted to meet without the sever eign dy by the time ilme an english speak ing king come to the throne the cup cua tom of excluding the king liang from cabinet meetings had been firmly fixed lly by degrees the king practically lost losi his power to dismiss the cabinet and it be became canie responsible first to parliament men tand and then solely to the house ot of co commons son some e r students tu dents of government looking further er back bach see the roots of par lintal lin trl nt arism with its outgrowth the cabinet committee at runnymede nunny mede where magna carta was signed years ago runnymede lies only five miles d down w the thames from windsor the town which holds the most sumptuous of the palaces of the british kings and which gave its name us its nn an english lish family name to the present monarch when during the world war his hl german hcrman name mime became unacceptable the meadow Is only some twelve or if fifteen miles upstream from london 8 so close that the cites citizen nold wold lers leral main maintain anin a rifle range for practice on tile edge of the famous tract there Is a conflict of opinions as to whether runnymede or magna carta nd just olt off shore was the site ot of the signing of the great charter A generally Kenern lly accepted version of the historic incident states that the army ot barons encamped on runnymede that tha X xing king ing johns followers remained on the opposite bank of the st stream and that uie the meetings between the monarch and the leading barons toot place on the little island A cottage on the island houses a stone slab elal on oi w which it Is asserted that tile the document w was a s sign signed Q d value of the great charter though the original articles of thi barons were signed on tune june 15 1210 1215 t the he day on which they were presented the lie provisions were not put in the form of a charter find and executed by john until und june 10 19 so this day also might lay claim to the title magna carta day pour four more days were taken up wiep the malting making of provisions v I 1 f tor 0 r carrying out the charter during the entire period of a and 1 tid a day the baronial army remained enbom encamped ped under arms at runnymede Runny meae valle king john rode over each day from rom tits his palace fit windsor the great charter which was signed at or on its nearby island has been pretty well accepted as the greatest docu document luent in english history some commentators hae gone so far as to ta see in it the creator of the english constitution of today other N ank ng lish students of the charter feel that it did not differ materially from frodi other c hatters charters hat grunted by earlier kings but that it has been especially valuable on lleO account 0 f the dramatic situation surrounding its sl signature nature and of the tha idrass formulated because ol 01 ae jev ereline for flie file document shown by br subsequent generations according to t such views it harbored the gerri germs which later dey developed eloped into info the writ of hi theas corpus trial by jury and tile the an parliamentary r system A very large burce part of alagna carta wits was devoter to restraining the kings taxing powers and to setting 0 out ut feudal procedure the latter a field now wholly without practical interest nor wf were re all the steps slots taken in carta forward steps it sanctioned tile the trial by ordeal provided credible witnesses wore were present one paragraph provides that no one shall be arrested on the appeal of a woman except on the charge of causing the death of tier her husband the reason assigned for this reform was vias that a woman could not prove her case in the judI judicial judicini cInt combat |