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Show I T flORONOMY H Edited by Prof. J. C. Hogcnion. H AS. C. U. M WEEPS AND THEIR ERADICA- 1 TION. H Canada Thistle (Cardous Arvcnsis.) H This is a perennial weed, differing H from the common thistle in having H "underground stems and lobed spiny B leaves. It has no thick tap-root. It H springs from seeds each year .where H the. seeds have lodged and also H spreads by means of its underground H .stems in places where it already cx- B ' ists. In order to exterminate it the' H underground stems must be starved. B This is a slow process. "If the patch H is small, repeated cutting with hoc H is usually sufficient. Cutting must H be repeated as often as green leaves H appear above ground .Where the H area is large, summer fallowing may H be practiced. The field shou'd be H , lowed shallow in the spring after H the weeds arc up and then harrowed. H Upon the appearance of new growth,- H it should be thoroughly disced and B if necessary, cross-disced. This disc- B ing and harrowing may need to be H repeated several times dur'ng the season. Next year a cultivated crop, such as corn, potatoes, or sugar-beets should be grown. Two or more seasons sea-sons will usually' be needed to starve out the underground stems. Cackle (Argostcmma Githago.) This is the pink flowered weed so common in the wheat fie'ds. The seeds arc small, round and andarc, quite easily removed from the wheat, oats or barley, by screening. The weed remains only because of carelessness care-lessness on the part of the farmer. & Sowing clean seed and summer fal-lowing fal-lowing properly arc usually all the precautions that arc ncccsary. Shepherd's Purse (Bursa, Bursa-past-oria.) This annual weed has triangular shaped pods. It is a troublesome pest in gardens, orchards and rich fields, from which it takes diligent work to destroy it. Thorough cultivation culti-vation and hoeing must usually be resorted to. Fall seeding of rye or red clover, will crowd it out. ' Dandelion (Taraxacum Taraxcum.) This is a perennial weed and in rather hard to destroy. It is present in lanes, pastures and hay fields. Drying up the roots by means of a chemical spray; (Iron sulphate, 1 lb. to 20 gaU of water,) and thorough cultivation, are methods of eradication. Penny Cress (Thalspi Arvensc). This is a winter annual and is very p rsislcnt when it once gets a start. It docs best on low sandy land. It has large flattened pods about j4 inch in diameter, containing the seeds which arc i-i6th of an inch long, flat, egg-shaped and dark-brown colored. col-ored. It can best be subdued by continuous con-tinuous cultivation and by smothering smother-ing with a winter crop, such as rye or clover. If the plowing is not done until late in the spring, the ground shou'd be covered with straw and burned over to destroy the weeds. Burdock (Arctium Lappa.) This biennial plant looks a great ual like rhubarb, having large green leaves and thick succulent stems. The heads of small purplish flowers become rrmed with burs, having hooked tips so that they adhere very tanaciously. The plant has large, deep roots and may be destroyed by digging as it is usually found in small patches. The digging should be done before flowering. It is found in orchards, or-chards, along roadsides, ditches, and fences. Sweet Clover (Melilotus Alba.) This is a biennial and grows best on neglected land. It grows from three to six feet high, and is rather woody and branched, having white flowers at the end of the branches in the form- of racemes. The young plant looks something like alfalfa, but it has a characteristic odor thai will always identify it. In some parts of the country it is considered valu- able for hay, for the purpose of loos- I cning up the soil to a great depth I and as a green manure. For hay it I should be cut quite young and be- I fore the blossoms appear. It also makes an excellent artificial mulch. The seeds arc like those of red clover but arc smaller and flatter. The plants may be destroyed by repeated mowing and cultivation. Wild Carrot (Daucus Carota.) This pest is a biennial and is found in grass and alfalfa fields, along roads, fences, and ditches. The plants should bc'cut or pulled after rains, beforecoming in bloom. If they arc mown they stool and produce pro-duce sccdlatcr in the season. Where the arcasjarc large the field should be plowed and put into cultivate 1 crops. 1 Wild Parsnip (Pastinaca Sativa.) It is a perennial and has commonly thick grooved stems, rather long leaflets leaf-lets and wide spreading umbel of yellowish flowers and a deep root. The parsnip may also be destroyed 1 by low cutting before the plants bloom. Wild Radish (Rahanus Raphanis- trum.) TJiis weed is both an annual and a biennial. The pods arc very much j jointed, the 'caves arc rough, petals yellow and as they grow older they J turn whitish or purpl:sh. It is destroyed de-stroyed by preventing seeding. Sunflower (Helianthus.) These beautiful flowers may be destroyed de-stroyed by. pulling and in larger areas, ar-eas, by thorough cultivation. Wild Morning Glory (Convolvulus Septum.) . This is perennial with long twining twin-ing stems and triangular or arrow shaped pointed leaves a d white or rose colored funnel-for, blossoms. It also has numerous creeping underground under-ground stems which are very persistent. persist-ent. Thorough cultivation and the use of the hoe will cause its destruction. destruct-ion. It usually comes in patches. The infested spots should be culti- 1 vated with the surrounding land be- 1 cause of dragging the roots on the 1 plow and thus extend its growth. I Milk Weed (Asclepias Syrica.) 1 This is a perennial plant and is 1 found along roadsides and in past- 1 ures. The stem is rather downy, I with oval leaves, rale underneath (Continued on page 15.) I WEED ERADICATION. (Continued from page 3.) I The flowers arc Jn dense umbels very Wf dull purple or lavender in color. The M whole plant 'lias an abundance 01 thick milky juice which it exhudes W upon thb slightest wound. This pest B spreads by means of root stocks. I Repeated cutting with the hoc or B "t Ml H mower or continuous cultivation will B destroy it in time. In the pasture B it would bccut at least four times Bj during the season in order to subdue Bft Fox Tail, BarlcyGrass, or Squirrel- B Tail Grass (Alopecurus Aristulatua.) jHjfc Found in wet or damp meadows. jB The plant grows jusua'ly in bunches jB to the height of from twelve to eight- B ccn inches, terminating in a dense B head an inch and a half to two inches B in diameter. It has long awns or B beards which cause the seeds to ad- B here to and crawl through almost B any loose fabric where it can get B hold. It should be gathered and B burned to prevent seeding, or if area B be large it will be well to put the JB land under thorough cultivation for fiB two or three years. IB Tumble Weed (Armaranthus Blitoi- jS des.) B ' This is the low spreading annual, B growing about a foot in height and B one or two feet in diameter. It U B found on neglected land, such as un- fl cared for summer fallowed ground, B along railroad right-of-ways, etc. It is as easily destroyed as arc other V annuals, by preventing the ripening B of its seeds and by activation. WliQn B the plant matures it is usually ldos- B ened from the ground and blown fl about by the wind, collecting in larg. fl numbers in hollows, ditches and alonjr H fences. fl Pig Weed, Red Root (Arnorahth Hy- I bridus.) B This annual weed is very common B in cultivated fields and gardens, es- 8 pccially in potato and corn fields. B which receive only ly culitvation. The leaves arc broad with waving margins. The roots arc usually a reddish color. The only remedy lies in more 'thoroughly destroying the plants through better and especially later cu'tivation, which will prevent seeding, |