Show EDITORIAL— NEWS PARADE — FINANCIAL — MINING — REAL THE SALT LAKE TRIBUNE ESTATE — SUNDAY MORNING JULY 14 MAIN NEWS SECTION—Third 1935 Part Page C 1 BRITISH LEADERS FACE TASK OF PREVENTING WAR 4 of Public Forces Vote a Government to Apply Force Behind League Only Soviet Union and France Available at Gen eva to Support London Action Italy to Press Ethiopia Campaign By FRANK H SIMONDS WASHINGTON Julv 13- - The I recent plebiscite in Britain engineered by the friends of the league of nations has produced Eleven Bn astonishing result British support jears ago when which undertook of the protocol to make the league a living forre might hae insmed the future of the Geneva institution parliament rejected this program inAnd the explanation dignantly of that rejection was that the protocol i would have bound the British to use their money and their military forces to restrain aggressive action by any other nation ' Now 11 years too late the British public by the millions have voted not merely for economic sanctions but for military as well when nations indulge in aggression Thus face to face with the unmistakable purpose of Mussolini tq make war against Ethiopia the unhappy tory government in England is called upon to act to prevent what is manifestly a move of aggression Moreover it is called upon to act through Geneva and by employing the machinery of the league But today only the Soviet Union nnd France are available at Geneva as allies of British action The United States has never come Germany and Japan have come and gone Italy is packed and ready to go if interfered with As for France and the Soviet Union after British dallyings with Germany over naval affairs they sympathize with Italy and And in addinot wuth England tion they still count upon Italian aid if there should be a new putsch in Vienna this summer W’hat then can the British government do at Geneva? If it undertakes to close the Suez canal against Italy that cannot be interpreted as Other than an act of individual hostility for therp will be about it no semblance of a collective action Actually the British would be in the situation the United States found itself in four years ago w'hen Mr Stim-so- n was trying unsuccessfully to persuade the league in general and Britain in particular to act against Japan in the Manchurian affair was The originally hague purely and simply an It was experiment gravely compromised when the United States declined to join It was further seriously injured when the British between 1020 left it to and 1924 it and ignored France and her allies to organize the league machinery From 1924 onward the British have been trying to recover lost ground at Geneva but they have never been successful because they have always refused to underwrite the league principles with their own Anglo-Americ- power Since 1926 when Germany entered the league British policy has exploited Geneva to the utmost but always as a means of evading specific responsibilities The nightmare of the British nund has been involvement in a new system of continental alliances like that which existed before the war Always the British have talked about a collective system as a substitute for the old order but at no timr have they been prepared to make a collective system effective Always they have been ready to subscribe to general principles but never to undertake' precise obligations Actually the fate of the league was decided by the Manchurian episode When by reason of British refusal to act the league was disclosed to be impotent the decline of Geneva had set in and it has been proceeding with utmost rapidity ever since The Ethiopian affair marks the lowest level yet attained and perhaps the lowest attainable Having failed to halt Japan in Asia and Italy in Africa how can the league hope to stop Germany in Eurbpe? The answer of course is that it can’t and no one will longer depend upon it to accomplish anything when the purposes of a great power are involved But the British plebiscite over the league has made the task of the British government incredibly difficult because the results of that vote virtually dictate that it shall stop Italian adventure in Thus if it does not Abyssinia force the issue at Geneva when the question comes up it will be eondemned at home But if it fries to do this in Geneva then it can count on no aid and will sim- ply precipitate the resignation of Italy Accordingly the British friends of the league may prove to be indirectly responsible for Us crowning disaster What makes tory situation even more unpleasant is that a general election is in sight and its course at Geneva is bound to become an issue in the approaching campaign The opposition can and will Charge that the national government has at all times displayed little enthusiasm alld' Measless regard for the league is true urably this accusation but It is also true that the British government had no choice for British public sentiment would not support the old association with France which Austen Chamberlain established at Geneva and without France Britain was Now moreover this helpless French partnership ran be restored only at a prohibitive price Face Realities Doubtless British policy will continue to wobble until after election Both the government and the opposition will continue to assert that British action is based upon the league and again and again will reaffirm allegiance to the so called collective system After election ' however with Italy probably in full tilt in Ethiopia the tones if they win will have to face realities As for labor if it is victorious its situation will be even more difficult because it will find itself friendless at Geneva and faced by French soviet and Italian hostility The fact is that the British official world has never taken much stock in the idea of the league while using it as a convenience whenever possible The basic idea of a collective system to prevent war is repugnant to the British official mind save under circumstances which would insure British control of that system The fact that France and not Britain has steadily been dominant at Geneva has accounted for British lack of sympathy with the league notably in labor and liberal nr- rles Thus it is only as the league has begun to grumble visibly that British public opinion has ralliett to it Having been largely responsible for wrecking the league however the British can now do little to save it For the league could only be saved now if it were invested with very specific authority and very definite means to deal with aggression Faced with the necessity of agreeing to embark their fleet and army upon coercive sanctions the British would undoubtedly draw back now as In the past unless their own immediate security were at stake Result in Doubt Just what will happen in Geneva when the Ethiopian affair comes up again remains open to doubt The Ethiopians will of course press for protection the French will Unquestionably try to have the issue pushed aside Probably they will be supported by the sbviets who also are interested in preserving a common front toward Germany As for the Italians even if they linger In the face of debate they will certainly depart if there should be a hint of censure of their course Under such circumstances it is almost possible to imagine the Germans returning to Geneva just for the joy of supporting the te British against the former allies of England In any event when the Germans get leady to move into Austria it is plain that the precedents furnished by Japanese action in Manchuria and by Italian in Ethiopia will come in handy But the truth is that France Italy the soviets and the little entente are already turning to regional and mutual assistance pacts as guarantees of security and abanreliance doning evn nominal upon the covenant of the league Yet even here there is little sense of ertainty for Italian relations with Germany have materially improved in recent months What remains sure is that a German attack upon Belgium or France would insure British action against Germany At the moment German attack upon same time to try in some wav to protect the league from the consequences of Italian plans and French support of those plans the French will Undoubtedly make this excessively hard for the Baldwin cabinet but the doin mestic political situation France is far from attractive Perhaps Baldwin may be able to find a way fo soften French resentment but here again his task will not be easy Meantime with a war assured in Africa an election in England and with the domestic political conditions in France becoming the if not aalrming disturbing general situation in Europe seems uniquely designed to favor Hitler's German rearmament is plans proceeding upae the iron circle about the reuh suggests ap- promising disintegration and at moment anv may opportunity beckon in Austria Nevei theless if the outside' circumstances are propitious for Germany there is no mistaking the mounting eco- an i financial crisis at nomic home And that In the end may he responsible for precipitating a ncHv crisis just when (hesitua- most tioii seems superficially tranquil Italy or the invasion of Austria whuh would be the same in its effeet woqld bring France to Italy's aid The soviet union is now committed to defend Czechoslovakia against Getmany and France is allied to both Slav states But just what France accomplish on behalf of either remains obscure However Germany is little likely to resort to force anywhere openly for the present Her game must be to wait and see what happens to Italy in Ethiopia and how the quarrels present could Anglo-Frenc- h turn out Must Make Effort The British as I hve said are bound to make a desperate effort to restore some semblance of reality in the league The are too certain to go on with their obvious campaign to get the United States to join them in a collective sv a sv'stem lo prevent war which would have to center' in Geneva The possibility that nut of the mess some Franio-Gc- r mart truce might emerge is also not absent from the British mind Rut the Germans have bee ome so rocky over their recent agreements with London and the French are so suspu ions because of these same agreement! thnt the promise of successful talks between Paris and Berlin is not Anglo-Germa- Sale 1915 for a Free the Mavtag govern you Surely popularity your you would not even think of buying any other washer before you 21 Million Satisfied Maytag Owners compared It Kith the Maytag Can't Be Wrong! 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