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Show HIGHWAY BUILD.ING. ! A recent bulletin qn- road ( building contains the fallowing adviqc:- f While American road builders arc as capable of constructing .good roads as those of any country of the old World, they have-not bccii.-jijs loyally supported as lhcm.cn of those countries coun-tries in maintaining the highways af-. af-. tcr' completion, and the deplorable State of many hundred thousand miles of rQftd is thus tiocountcd for. County and township officials may at the outset out-set stand the expense of having a rond built, but they strenuously object ob-ject when asked to provi.de funds to rebuild a road that ha$ been allowed to go to ruin. j It is important that farmers learn of life benefits' to be derived from good earth roads; that boards be impressed With the need of a proper maintenance mainten-ance of the nine, and that road builders build-ers and overseers learn how best to care for the roads in their charge. The persistent tand powerful enemies ene-mies oP earth roads arc-, water nnd marrow tires, and the constant effort of men in charge of the roads should be to guard Against their destructive effects and -remedy alp.damagc a quickly as possible, The simple inj-plcmicnts inj-plcmicnts wluati luavc boon found w be Of grcatclt assistance in this woj tare the plow, the drag, scraper,! c 'wheel scraper, the road grader j and the splitlog drag. , W Willi a sjindyjuC.and a subsoil Sf clay, or clay aitd gravel, (loop plowirjg so as to raise and mix the iclay witjh - the dtufacc soil and sand will proc -bcnSfio'ial. This combination forms -a sand clay road at a trifling expense. On the other hand, if the road be qiv tjrsjy" ojsand a mistake Will be maihj if it iigi ployod, unless dlay can b: added. Such plowing would mqrqly duonMbc san'(t)md attljQ same tintc ibi&ilcaip. folic small timjount of bawl surface material which may have formed. : jf If the subsoil is clay and the Isujl iWJ'Wi"1 or gravc1, p,THf should not be resorted to, as it WQuffl result in a clay surface rather thah 3 (jnc' of sand or- gravel,- A -road forte man should know not only what to plow and what not to 'plow. b"t how and when to plow, rrthc road is of the kind which; according to the above instructions, should be plowed over it's whole width, the best method te'td run the first furrow in the middle bf the road and work out to- the sides, thus forming a crown. Results' from suGhplowingarc greatest in the spring or early summer. In ditches a plow can be used to gflod ad van to gc, hut should - be 'followed 'fol-lowed ' by ai scraper or grader. To make wide, deep ditches nothing better bet-ter than the ordinary drag scraper has yet btftftf ds vised. For hauls under 100 feet, or in making "fills," it is especially es-pecially serviceable. It is a mistake, however, to attempt to handle long haul material with this scraper, ns the Wheel scraper is better adapted to such work. For hauls of more than 800 feet a wagon should be used. ' The machine most generally used in, road work is the grader, or roa(l machine, This machine is especially 'useful in smoothing and crowning, the road and in opening ditches. A clay subsoil under a thin coating of soil should not be disturbed with a grndci. It Is frlso a mistake to use a grader indiscriminately and to pull material from: ditches upon a sand-clay road. Not infrequently turf, soil and silt from dUch bottoms arc piled m ;thc mijldlc of the road in a ridge, making nujdholes a certainty. 5 , It is important in using a grader Jto avoid building up thc road top jmifQlvM (Jne time. "A road grad'ifoll .built up by frequent use of the gradj Jcr will last Letter than if completed fct one operation. ' Ar" foreman frci Lqucntly thinks his road .must be iigli in. the first instance. He piles up mjw 'torial ' from ten inches to a foot-'in "depth, only to learn, with the arrival of the first rain, that he has furnished the material for "as many inches of pud. All material shquld be brough )ip in thin layers, each lay'cr well pudi lHfei'rii!(l firmly packed l)y rollOL traffic before the nffxt is atldl. 'T cxyumon mifiUike Is to crown too high with the road machine on a narrow road$ ;fu: ia;;:(M ' 1 . n |