,IBH' 0 5, 1945 flarsday, July Of 97 Million People Through Fingerprint Cards 4b tmpreutoni takes byi Files Now Hold Records of Majority Of American Citizens gu(re Mrture a i wider CUU) UftHand fax man a xuukvau - v I Four fis vast room, longer nueu fpetnign, m I'm s-: gsS to this great hall 2,500 girls JJk at calculating machines, Joewriters and filing cases. This Is a of the Personal En visualize 9,588,265 sep-- Identificationportion Form, showing the fin v"1 rate linger pi un. gers of the left hand. The print of Hal as this is written) in these each finger is also recorded sepsome idea arately on the card, which also confles and you have tains all necessary written data. of the size fingerprint, rfthe of the a identification division vent of photography, however, that ,ederal bureau of investigatilaw enforcement agencies initiated on in Washington. In addition a But that isn't all. modern methods and built up The famous "rogues" galleries. Bertillon method, a system of measurements of certain bony parts of the anatomy in addition to the frontal and profile photographs, was an effective but not a positive means of Identification since it was early realized that one operative would take these measurements "loose" and another would take them "close" resulting in different classifications. This system, nevertheless, was the best possible until the fingerprinting method was developed in the early 1900s. The pioneer wor was done by Sir Francis Galton, a noted British scientist, who discovered that no two individuals in the world have identical fingerprints, and that the pattern remains unchanged throughout life. In 1892 he assembled the first collection of fingerprints in the world. In 1896 the International Association of Chiefs of Police, which includes the heads of police departments of most of the principal cities of this country and Canada, established a special bureau at Chicago. This was later removed to Washington and became known as the National Bureau of CriminaF Identification. Its purpose was the compiling of Bertillon records. As use of the Bertillon system was discontinued the national bureau gradually began acquiring a collection of fingerprint records. FBI Took Over in 1924. In 1924 this identification division was placed under the jurisdiction of the FBI and received consolidated in Washington the records of both the National Bureau of Criminal Identification and the records of the Leavenworth prison. More than 11,000 law enforcement agencies today are submitting prints to the bureau and more than 600 fugitives are identified by the bureau each month. The bureau has now on file more than 1,200,000 prints of persons applying for government positions under the Civil Service commission. Comparison with criminal records show that 7.7 per cent of these have had a previous criminal history, or about 1 out of 20 applicants. Through the vigilance of the FBI these people are barred from obtaining positions of trust within the government. Here's an example of how these requests of identification work. In 1939 the Works Projects administration in New York City submitted prints of a woman applying for a job as housekeeper. Search revealed that she was arrested in June, 1933, on a first degree murder charge and a fingerprint card sent from Sing Sing indicated that the woman was incarcerated at Ossining, N. Y., awaiting execution for murder. It is interesting to note that after being sentenced to execution in 1933, this woman was somehow free six years later. dozen other large rooms are sed with hundreds of other girls finged in classifying incoming vjlf are fomain fingerprint files. of huge It is a complex, tedious job has the so but proficient proportions, become in this identification the ision, so expert has become that when classification system, 4e sheriff of New Madrid county, Missouri, or the chief of police of town marshal Soman, Okla., or the jtBluffton, Ind., telephones for of a given person, or sends i fingerprints, these officials have a answer within a few minutes, 100 jor, although there are almost million separate cards, representing cards before they gerprint rced to the div- 1 iden-t&ati- million persons, on file, classi-tcatio- n has been reduced to such a science that it is never necessary to more than 100 cards for remove 100 to comparison make positive identi-Jcatio- n. up this tremendous reser-wi- r identification cards has become t hobby, almost a fetish, of J. Edgar 4e nation's boss of the FBI. He Hoover, director foresaw years ago the advantage of ie fingerprint system In both criminal Identification, and in civilian investigations, both in The system has peace and wartime. had a tremendous growth during iese five war years. Bureau Expanded by War Need. For instance, on July 1, 1941, the Building of n, . had iireau approximately 21,700,000 Sgerprint records on file. But ie war, fingerprint records since have coming into the bureau at the of about 22,000 daily. Impetus been given through the selective service system, and the civil service commission, which requires fingerpr:en ;te Us of all employees. War otas are all fingerprinted, too d copies are sent to the bureau, itbat during these war years about 'million prints have been added, lie job of classifying, filing and Brting these millions of separate cards has been a tremendous one. inting it was necessary to recruit Sis from all over the nation. These had to be above the average. first Is titli school or college educa- They took the regular FBI high at at Allied Hero Returns to a Grateful Country Identification Division Can Name Anyone FBI's habits and lives were investigated and even of residence in Washing- -' from a list supplied and Their roughly place Picked by the, FBL get this bureau started ..to overcome the popular preju- against being fingerprinted, to police officials on the advantages . . . .. si, a wuugerprint system in the ear-"ay- s, took months and months of Rational wor by FBI agents Sveling throughout the country. Enlisted Help of Local Police. took painstaking effort" on the !!rt of the bureau to build up good among police officials and pub-officials In those everywhere. J days every agent had orders passing through a town to pay Respects to the police officials pass along a "message" from Jtfgar Hoover concerning his will-t- o help in any local lnvesti- '"WL The CrilV nf tha mucins v" n,M iij lent foreet tn tnka flncror. - na send proved But to 11 . Oq September 14, 1944, 29 persona were killed in a train wreck at Terre Haute, Ind. Twenty or more were army air corps men returned from overseas. Difficulty was experienced In identifying the bodies, but fingerprints were sent to the FBI. Experts carefully checked the Incoming fingerprints and identified eight of them under names sent in from Indiana. Two other prints, however, were not identical with those of military personnel whose names were given, but were identified as two other soldiers whose names had not been furnished. So not all identifications are criminal identifications. Missing persons have been found, amnesia victims identified, traffic accident victims identified for instance Fingerprints of an amnesia victim from Fresno county general hospital in California were received. The victim had been asked to write on her fingerprint card any names which came to her mind. She listed seven names and addresses in Gary, Ind., Seattle, Wash., and Charleston. W. Va. As soon as the prints were received by FBI they were found to be Identical with a set of prints received from Portland, Ore., from a company doing war work. In making the application the woman, of course, had given her correct name and this information was furnished the police in Fresno. The woman had no criminal record in the FBI files. Importance of fingerprint identification of is pointed out when the department shows that in the past year alone 9,000 bodies were taken to morgues and nearly 2,000 doomed to burial in potter's fields because of inability of authorities to identify them. During the same fear more than 200,000 persons disappeared in this country and were sought by relatives and friends. Fingerprinting has solved thousands of these tragedies and returned many lost folks to their loved ones. Records Benefit Everyone. The department In this connection points out the advantage of voluntary, widespread fingerprinting. As a permanent seal of personal identity these fingerprint records offer indubitable benefits to those who take advantage of the service. According to Mr. .Hoover, it appears to him as ridiculous that if a victim of amnesia or of a disaster has a prior criminal record, his family will be immediately notified, while if he has lived within the law, his family, Ignorant of his trouble, can render no aid. This is an paradox because finof the criminal is the gerprinting rule, while fingerprinting of the citizen is still the exception. All civil personal identification prints are kept in files separate and apart from the criminal records and are there available in case the individual meets with any mishap which makes it necessary to deterever-recurri- law-abidi- regular alias name file, an additional file of nicknames. This nickname file now includes approximately 285,000 cards and is of value in establishing the Identity of criminals who are known only by aliases and nicknames. It sometimes occurs that the only clue to a particular crime is a nickname used unconsciously during the crime. Many of these names are descriptive and amusing such as Ash Pan Slim, Dill Pickle, Cream Puffs, Ant Eater, Bughouse Bill, etc. A number of cases have been solved by coordinating these names with ; It' if V 4. 4 is I j i General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower Is shown in npper circle as he was welcomed home by his wife. To his right Is his father, David, and his mother is to his left. Lower left shows the hero and his bride in 1915, shortly after he married Mamie Doud of Denver. Lower center shows him as he finished his training at West Point Lower right shows the Eisenhower family taken In 1902 at their home in Abilene. Blind Vets Learn to Play and Work Again f 4 aw - x A , 4 r 4 4i A 1 i 'V. 'fx x,"-- . t it If I'i - s t 3 At the New York Institute for the Education of the Blind, navy men and marines who lost their sight in the service of their country are engaged in a baseball game, as shown in the npper photo. They follow the movement of the oversize baU by sound. Lower, from left to right, archery, radio repairing and bowling. Market Lamb Show Pen Winner lI ,:,.- v ;;.;- - v : ' t- V N - o - Twin Brothers Meet I -- . I ' ; , , T- - . ' , ::: ( f ' , - V - . , , ' ' , .: - ,1,1 Yil , 4. i-- ' V . - . xV'x " ' '' ?. ' ' " ' j 1 - j. ' K - ' Award for best pen of three at the Chicago Junior Market Lamb show went to Sherwood Stouffcr's beauties of Mount Morris, 111. Entries were received from every state In the Midwest. Young Stouffer, who is 17, was awarded second prize for his pen of five lambs at last year's show. The prizes are a trophy and cash award. G.I.s Drive Trucks Strike-Boun- d Set. GranvUIe J..P. (left) and Cpl. Martial Harris, twin brothers, are shown when they met for the first time since babyhood days. They were separated by death of both parents and did not learn of each other until the army located them and brought them together. YoungestU. S. Citizen is a question. 1 t ta s M 1 - jwarldentincaUon Is ' i. mine his identity.One interesting sidelight on the criminal identification side is the maintenance in conjunction with its . i ) 3 ls I n ' ... them in." 'identification division Is now r for the duration, In the white stone District of Co-- I ' national guard armory. It i; Pes the whole building, and has Jocted new temporary addi-- 1 e toe lounges i rooms- cafeteria, Where it will go j PAGE THREE BEAR RIVER VALLEY LEADER .Hi indispen-U- -. combating crime ami of ,a most Potent factor in .v. -iion of the futrit ivp TP mm --Jm .annals of histry. Per-denUflcation of some charac-03- 1 . been n 6UCl iviemoers 01 savat , "T ,be were distinguished :ra mvT ft . -- 3cUv yu'"uns, at-- or cnarac- - turn's"?. from wa not unUl "elf-inflict- the cuts ad- I : The main file room Is now located In the great drill hall of the national FBI now occupies the guard armory. The Identification division of the After the war a special Is a arrangement. This temporary entire armory. be erected. will building probably duality and Uniqueness of Fingerprints Was arstk;;:,:.iu"iisne in 1880 by British Scientists cartu.., T ' aL,entmc observa- - at Tokyo in 10m to esiamisn me rnl, """"K 10 r,nnger-'AA- fact that individual fingerprint patIn "at Professor i a.de A 1688 of byMarcello at ofBoloaTnai;; terns were of very great variety, and that they remained unchange- able. Sir Francis Galton, noted English x &urS scientist, established the fact that and ' poiatL subsequent years no two fingerprints are alike, devised the first collection of fingerfor print records In 1892. Bn ' But the comprehensive system cted Uith Tl tn8shman the Tsuklji hospital which U the basis for that used in ,Q8eS Whlch "de- ?Pres" on tte flneer T 'C fI'S" "Jned this country was established by Sir E. It. Henry, commissioner of police at London's Scotland Yard office in 1901. First practical introduction in police work was In Sing Sing prison in New York state in 1903. Then on September 24, 1904, R. W. McClaughry, warden of the U. S. penitentiary at Leavenworth, finKan., was granted authority to latfive and days gerprint prisoners, er the St. Louis police department suinaugurated the system under from officer British a of pervision Scotland Yard. ft r ' V r V'' 1 m - i 1 4 i j V , Soldiers took over the job of driving trucks In Chicago as members of the truck drivers' union walkrd out. Thousands of soldiers were shipped to Chicago to keep essential trucks moving, carrying food and war supplies, rtioto shows the M.P.s assisting an army driver into the cabin of om of the trucks loaded ready for delivery. i I Charles Franklin Cohen becomes the youngest person to be sworn In as a citizen In the United States. His father, Sgt. Mas Cohen, is la Cuts Canadian army