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Show THE RICH COUNTY NEWS. RANDOLPH. UTAH Weather Bureau Forecasts Help LIVE STOCK NEWS ) s. Age of Breeding Heifer Is Problem for Farmer It Is said that If leave a heifer too long before breeding, that she will never be as good a producer of milk as she would have been. . She will have formed the habit, it Is claimed, Of Indigestion in Horses Result of Poor Feeding Digestive troubles In the horse are often the result of Injudicious feeding and watering, especially during the hot summer months when the horse Is doing a full quota of work. It must be remembered that if the horse is tired out and exhausted his stomach and other Internal organs are in the same condition and are not in a fit state to start to do their work, which Is the proper digestion and assimilation of the food taken in by the animal. If the stomach Is unable to perform Its work In a normal manner and a large feed of oats Is given It can easily be understood that the results are apt to be disastrous and lead to severe colics which often have a fatal ending. Many colics are due to feeding Immediately the horse comes In from a hard spell of work and when he is heated and tired out. Being hungry, he starts In to eat rapidly, with the result that the stomach becomes overloaded and unable to handle the food. In a short time the horse shows signs of pain and restlessness and the farmer has on his hands a very sick animal. If the horse Is exhausted, allow him only a mouthful of water and feed a sloppy bran mash, which is easy of digestion, but the oats and hay must be withheld until the animal Is cooled and been well rubbed down. By that time, under the influence of the bran mash, the stomach will have recovered its tone and be In a fit state to digest the regular rations. Indigestion In colts may result from the Irritation of teething, from the removal of the dam at too early an age, or sucking when the dam Is heated or has been too long a time parted from the foal. In older animals Indigestion may be due to defective teeth, debility of the stomach ; Improper and irregular feeding are also common causes. Indigestion with engorgement arises from ravenous eating, filling the stomach to an excessive degree. In ordinary cases of chronic Indigestion first examine the teeth, and remove the cause of Irritation from them ; next carefully consider the diet the horse Is fed, and see that It Is moderate In quantity, nutritious and offered at regular intervals, and when these are done It will be time to think of medicines. Generally, It will be advisable to give a mild purge of oil with ginger, followed by a tonic made of bicarbonate of soda and powdered gentian, each half an ounce, and powdered nux vomica, 20 grains, given as a dose twice a of using her surplus feed and energy towards the production of body fat. It will take several years to overcome the habit and the necessary loss Is considerable. On the other hand If the heifer, or any other animal. Is bred too young trouble of various sorts Is liable to follow. The growth of the animal may be stopped, prematurely, leaving an undersized Individual, or the actual breeding capacity or fecundity may be affected. If, however, breeding Is not commenced so early as to be unsafe, It is the more profitable method. It will reduce the cost of maintenance, owing to the shorter length of time the animal need be kept, In all classes of stock the same problem exists. There Is a real question In the minds of breeders as to whether it Is ever profitable to breed sows to farrow before they are twelve months old, to breed mares to foal at three years of age, to breed ewps to lamb at so joung an age as thirteen to fourteen months of age. The breeder has observed that sometimes animals bred at ages so young as those named will suffei in their development or the offspring may not be normal. On the other hand, If breeding operations can be begun at these ages the breeding life of the animals will be prolonged, the number of offspring from each female will be increased, and, other things being equal, the profitableness of breeding operations will be greater. What evils are likely to follow such early breeding practice? It Is apparent that If evils do follow they are to be observed chiefly In one of the following: 1. the growth of the young dam may be retarded and ber ultimate size diminished. 2. The vigor and thrift of the offspring may be below that of the offspring of more mature animals. 3. A possible decrease in the size of the race or breed. 4. Loss of fecundity and danger to the dam at time of giving birth. All domestic animals are, of course, bred before they have attained full They are still growing. maturity. They are rarely bred at the beginning of puberty since under average farm day. conditions the breeder has discovered jhat such early matings are neithet Essential Features of safe nor profitable. There is reason Self-Feede- rs to believe that there Is a right and for Hogs wrong age at which to first breed, but are to be fattened for marthat Pigs no definite rules seem to be available. ket, says Arthur L. Anderson, who Is In charge of the hog section of the animal husbandry division at Univerto Bull Herd Selecting sity farm, will make the most rapid Improve Weakest Points and economical gains if put on a The time required for the In the selection of a herd bull, the chief factors to be considered are tbs hogs to reach the marketable weight kinds of families In the herd, and is reduced by this system of feeding. the size, character, natural fleshing, Also the labor bill is cut down matequality, and evenness of conformation rially. The free choice system, or allowing of the bull, according to Dr. C. W. McCampbell, head of the animal hus- the hogs to select feeds to the amount their own wanting, has been found bandry department, Kansas State of a satisfactory plan. The wants of Agricultural college. bodThe study of the females of the the pig are a good' criterion of his needs. herd should receive the most careful ily vary a great deal in Doctor McCampbell consideration, minor features of construction. The added. By a careful study of the essential features, says Mr. Anderson, females In the herd, a bull can be se- are: lected that will improve the weakest 1. Substantial and rainproof conpoints In the herd, as well as add to struction. its general Improvement 2. A hopper to insure a Since there Is a constant tendency constant supply available to the pigs. for animals to revert to their smaller 3. A small opening at the base of ancestry, one of the most economical the hopper -- to control the escape of means of maintaining a profitable size feed, and adjustable for the various In our market cattle is by the use of kinds of feeds. 4. A trough from which the hogs big, rugged bulls. "One of the most important con- may eat, se constructed as to prevent siderations Is character, as It is an the waste of feed. . evidence of an ability to reproduce A having these features of construction can be made In an or, the good qualities which the bull himself possesses. It is Indicated by evi- dinary farm workshop and will be dence of masculinity especially In the found very practicable. head and neck of a bull and by the J 'vigor and style which be manifests. More Profitable As meat is the ultimate purpose Silage Com in Feed Test of cattle production, the amount of meat an animal carries, or the natural The- - Iowa experiment station In fleshing of the bull, should receive feeding steers found that a full ration - ' of silage (52 pounds) and no corn very close consideration. of Is because of value the gave larger profits than a full ration "Quality fact that animals possessing it will of corn and a half ration of silage require less feed to produce a given (27 pounds), linseed meal and alfalfa amount of gain and sell for higher hay being fed to both lots of steers. ' The lot that received a full ration prices when marketed than animals that do not possess quality. It Is In-- - of shelled corn and a half ration of dlcated by a soft coat of hair, a soft silage gave a profit per steer of $15.82 pliable hide, and general smoothness while the lot that received no shelled com and a full ration of silage gave , Of conformation. most The profitable type of animal a profit of $28.11. The farmers of Iowa have been for the feed lot is one with an evenness of conformation, straight lines, building silos by the thousands and broad back, deep middle, square ends, In a few years there will be one on and closeness to the ground, and to every farm In the state. The same produce this profitable kind of cattle should be true In Colorado. R. W It Is quite essential that a bull of sim- Clark, Colorado Agricultural College, Fort Collins, Colo. ilar type be selected. self-feede- r. Self-feede- self-feed- 1 ' ilian Vigorous, Healthy Hogs Profitable Producers May Withstand Cholera Come From Good Bulls Good cows do not often just happen. They are the product of mating good Like begets sires and good dams. Scrubs like, or the likeness thereof. bred to scrubs can produce only scrubs. But a good pure bred bull when bred to ordinary cows or even to scrubs will produce animals that are profitable producers. If you already have good ms. you will be going backward If uu do not also have a very good bull. j Hog cholera Is a germ disease like typhoid fever, and unless the germs are present on the farm It is utterly impossible for hogs to take It from feeding stuffs of any kind, for If the germ Is not there there can be no cholera, and even though It may be present hogs In vigorous health may escape it, but If for any reason they become weakened they are practically sure to take It Great Importance Fruit-Sprayin- to Service g of State College. United States Department (Prepared by the of Agriculture ) In addition to the harvest weather forecast service In New York state, the weather bureau of the United States Department of Agriculture provides forecasts which are of great Imservice g portance to the maintained by the New York State College of Agriculture. The purpose of this service Is to advise fruit growers In all matters pertaining to the Inspraying of fruit for the control of sect and other pests. fruit-sprayin- County Agent Topographer at Work at Midnight on, the Arctio Circle. So- within a small fraction of a second (Piepared by the National Geographic clety, Washington, D. C ) in fixing Alaska, with Its other superlatives, is an Important consideration before the In the a and meridian, days Its as has principal eastern boundary one of the longest surveyed lines In the wide use of radio It was necessary to world a line straighter than any crow get telegraphic tvlres to stations on could fly, extending for more than 600 the line and to have time signals sent miles over mountnin and gorge, glacier from astronomical observatories. In and marsh and meadow, from within the southern part of the line a differa second would- have sight of the Pacific ocean in the south, ence of half meant the location of the boundary straight north until It cuts the beach of the Arctic ocean. On more than 300 feet from its true posithe west of this imaginary line lies tion. It was necessary even to corAlaska ; on the east, Canada ; and until rect the observations to compensate about a decade ago no one knew exact- for the tiny lag in the passage of the current of the signals from its ly where the one ended and the other electric source to the surveyor. began. The surveying of this line In the years just preceding the World Surveyed by Joint Commission. war the literal placing of Alaska on Roth the United States and Canada the map constitutes an epic of ad- were vitally Interested m the proper venture amid innumerable difficulties, location of the 141st meridian, and the as well as a notable engineering work was therefore entrusted to a achievement. joint commission with members from The southern end of the boundary Is the two countries. Work could be perd Mount Saint Ellas, the formed only during the open summer giant among all nearby mountains. seasons, and more than five years were A ridge of this mountain is cut by the required to complete the job. Wherever 141st meridian which the treaty be- there was timber, a vista 20 feet wide tween the United States and Great was cut through It. Monuments, vlst Britain names as the eastern boundary ble from the adjacent ones on each line of the greater part of Alaska, and side, were placed along the line not the problem was to extend this merid- more than four miles apart Finally ian on the ground through the country a detailed map was made of a strip to the north. From Its southern start- of country extending two miles on each Five-foing point the line hurdles for 60 miles side of the boundary. shafts set In a ton over the craggy ranges and the great aluminum-bronz- e glaciers of the Saint Ellas alps. Then of qoncrete were placed at prominent d it strikes the White river In whose river crossings and at broad valley prospectors have lived for points. At less Important points three-foo- t cones of metal were set In a years tunneling Into copper and gold ores and hoping for the coming of the lighter concrete base. In the survey of the 141st meridian railroad, still 40 miles away to the probably greater obstacles had to be west at Kennlcott. The boundary line. In Its northern oercome than In most other surveys progress, early leaves perpetual snow of recent times. The transportation Mt. Natazhat, just south of of supplies and Instruments was one of behind. White the river, Is the last stand of the major problems. The meridian ia summer snow; and from there north crossed ih only two places by possible ward, even to the edge of the Arctic routes of water transportation at the ocean, there is a season annually dur- Yukon river, navigable by large rivef on ing which no snow or Ice is In evi- steamers, and at the Porcupine, more which small craft may ply. For dence. than 200 miles south of the Yukon, Regions Full of Game. outfit, inThe White river marks a definite food, feed for horses, camphad to be and struments personnel the of country. change In the character on pack most the part for carried Just north of the stream are low, horses whether the way led over rolling hills, the favorite habitat of mountains, tundra, meadow or swamp. one encounters Farther wild sheep. an hour was as great speed d low, muskeg marshes, the Two miles counted on, and the horses home of numerous moose. These re- as could be could not be worked for more than a gions make up a paradise for huntsday. men; caribou, sheep, moose and bear Among other things which the surmay be found at almost any season; their work did and the streams seem alive with fish. veying parties wasduring a knowlto north In carry the far The line passes the headwaters of the world his and man white the of Tanana river, the Yukons chief Alas- edge They gave places. into on to then and kan tributary, passes their very first glimpse of the Ladue river which also flows t the Indians steambaats in some cases. and horses the Yukon, but in the opposite direcAlarmed. . Were Indians Canadian territory. tion, through When Indians at Rampart House At Forty Mile river the line passes through the first Important gold dig- saw the partys little steamers, without or sail and belching smoke and gings on the Alaskan side in the tow-lin-e Yukon region and then a few miles steam, push their way up rapids In the farther on strikes the 'great Yukon Porcupine, they had the most exciting moments of their lives. When the river, the Mississippi of the North. The town of Eagle, on the Yukon, lies horses were unloaded, and In celebrafrom just beside the line, barely within tion of their freedom about cramped and rollUnited States territory. This, though quarters began running ran for Indians the imon most the ground, is Alaskas but a small town, ing portant community on Its meridian shelter with feelings in their breasts, no doubt, such as those the Aztecs had frontier. Into their climbs the North of Eagle boundary wjien Cortezs centaurs rode the Yukons abrupt northern bank; midst-- Even the dogs, who had never crosses the Tatonduk hills, also a fa- seen such beasts before, took to the vored stamping ground for wild sheep ; hills. But novelty soon wears away; traverses the Nation river and the bar- before many days Indian children were ren hills and ridges beyond ; and strug- throwing stones at the queer horngles through the bottomless marshes of less caribou The American and Canadian parties the Big Black river. Now It Is getting Into a country that really deserves the consisting of from 30 to 50 men each, name of wilderness. At the Porcu- did not operate In one group. A numwere organized, pine river It again, and for the last ber of small groups subtime, crosses a navigable stream and each going its own way. These or seven men, of six consisted as close to beaten the parties path. There, the line on the Canadian side as Eagle each In charge of a veteran surveyor. is on that of the United States, Is In the determination of the principal New Rampart House, one of the most points on the meridian, however, a northern of Canadian trading posts. party made up of both American and From Rampart House the line ex- Canadian surveyors worked ; and their tends 150 miles more before it comes Individual observations had to check to salt water. It passes through the before the points were fixed as offlake country of the Old Crow river, icially correct over the American, Davidson and BritEvery day had to count In the reladown and to then the tively short summer season, especially ish mountains, terminal monument on the bleak shore along the northern portion of the line, so that Sundays and the Fourth of July that looks off toward the North Pole. could not be observed as holidays. On bounout an international Marking was dary line through an Inaccessible wil- those days the working period derness Is not such a simple matter as shortened by several hours, however, It might appear to the engineering stu- as some concession to customs back dent mapping the college campus or home. An interesting feature of the under the staking out an imaginary railroad line. job was working were the midnight interested surveyors So sun. obInvolved astronomical The problem on servations and electrical signaling as of one party who happened to be 22 one year, well as the use of finely adjusted in- the Arctic circle on June struments In the extension of a straight that they insisted on working all inrf The correct time-- correct to night. - Head. period. Forecasts Essential. Weather forecasts are essential in connection with the control of this pest by spraying, and for practically all fruit pests. The county agent, in preparing his advices to growers, takes account of the probable weather condition for three or four days In advance and the condition of buds and fruit as reported by the field agent who travels about the county observing the development of the fruit buds and also of the various pests. Twelve counties have organized for this work, and all of them regard the weather bureau forecasts as indispensable. snow-toppe- ot Increase in Wheat Yield Made by Oregon Farmers main-travele- An Increase In yield of more than bushels of wheat without extra labor was the reward of farmers In Union county, Oregon, following the advice of the county extension agent last winter In selecting the variety of winter wheat to be planted.' The county agent had carried on an effective campaign calling the attention of wheat growers in the county to the higher yielding qualities of the variety Hybrid 128 under local conditions, as shown by the state experiment station tests. As a result, a number of farmers planted Hybrid 128 and obtained an average increase of 6.1 bushels per acre over all other varieties, , according to reports to the United States Department of Agriculture. About 92 acres of the 1922 planting was certified for seed. 48,000 -- lake-studde- Weapons to Be Employed Against Flies on Farm six-ho- If It Is Impossible to get rid of the breeding places of flies on the farm the best protection to the animals will be found in the use of repellants or mixtures which when applied to the animals will prevent the flies from attacking them, according to George Dean, Kansas state entomologist - He suggests the possibility of destroying the breeding places of the horn fly, which is found In clusters on the shoulders, back and flanks of cattle In pasture, by scattering the animal droppings. Old rotting straw piles are the breeding places of the stable or biting fly, and Professor Dean suggests the advisability, if possible, of cleaning np or doing away with. them. Plants Are Favored Found Successful in Increas- -' ing Profit From Orchard. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) g Community plants have been found to be a successful means of increasing the orchard profits of the small growers who have a surplus which they are unable to market In any other way, according to the United States Department of Agriculture, if the total quantity of such surplus in a community Is sufficient to Justify the necessary expense. The organization of such a plant should be governed by the same fundamental rules that have been found necessary in the development of other ventures. It must first be definitely ascertained whether the quantity of unused fruit Is actually such as will make the establishment of an evaporating or drying plant profitable. This information can only be oty tained by a careful canvass of the district and a tabulation of the result The making of such a canvass is a task calling for conservatism and the exercise of good judgment, for the reason that unintentional but gross overstatement of the unmarketed and unused portion of the fruit which could be used as evaporator stock is the rule rather than the exception. It must be borne in mind that In the case of apples, only mature, reasonably sound fruit of fair size will make a marketable dry product and that estimates which include premature drops, specked and decayed fruits, cider apples are and small-size- d worse than useless because misleading. The canv&ss should take Into account all fruits grown in the district, the locution of the center of supply, the length of time over which the ripening of each will extend, and the maximum quantity per day which the plant will be required to handle. With this data In hand It will be possible to determine tbe size and type of evaporator needed. As the fruits will In most cases be varied the plant should be of a general-purpos- e type, so constructed that It will handle equally well all materials, such as apples, peaches, plums and prunes. fruit-dryin- Check Cucumber Beetle by Using Dust Mixture One of the best methods of controlling the cucumber beetle, according to Carl J. Drake, state entomologist at Iowa State college, Is to dust the-- ' t young plants with a mixture of of calcium arsenate and 20 parts-oone-par- gypsum. Tbe dust can be applied with a shaker made by punching holes In the n bottom of a tin can with an eight-penn-y nail. The first appll-cation should be made Immediately after the young plants break through the ground. After that the plants should be dusted either early In or late In the evening from two to three times per week and following rains. Usually from 10 to 12 applications per season are all that are required, although more are necessary In the case of exceptionally severe attacks by the beetles. If these directions are followed rather closely, there will be no trouble In controlling the cucumber half-gallo- Destructive Qualities of Heavy Motortrucks Miles and miles of ribbonlike roads are the hope of every motorist, and when speaking of motorists these days It touches almost every home In the coifntry. But, though the road builders lay them smooth, they seemed to have so far been unable to cope wjth the destructive qualities of heavy motortrucks now used to a large extent on in commercial transportation smooth surfaces. of dollars have been spent - Millions and are being spent annually for the extension to all parts of tbe country of good roads, in answer to the demands of the people for easy Internal means of communication by way of tbe e motorcar. touring shows a yearly increase, and motortruck transportation is Increasing. Long-distanc- . - Grit is essential to the health of fowls and to economy in feeding. Grit takes the place of teeth In preparing the feed for further digestion and is required for the proper preparation of feed In the gizzard. When the feed Is not properly taken care of in this organ an undue strain Is thrown oq the fowls system, often resulting In disease, and also allowing much of the nutriment to pass through the birds body without being absorbed. In every pen or yard a box of grit should be kept. Recent Investigators have asserted that grit Is part of the necessary feed, giving the fowls strong bones and a bright plumage. r Diseases of Raspberry Plants Hard to Detect While most of the diseases which attack raspberry plants cannot be detected on the plants themselves, after they have been dug, care should be taken not to nse plants which show hard knots or galls on the roots. These are likely to spread from plant to plant and the raspberry fields Infected with this disease are aeldom profitable. -- - beetle. Sudden Change in Milk Grit Is Most Essential Checks Laying of Flock to Health of Hen Flock , -- It The county agricultural agent Is at the head of this service In each county. He bears the responsibility of notifying the growers In his county, by telephone, mail or other means, whenever a spray application is advisable. Most growers are prepared to spray Immediately on receipt of bis advice, and do so In accordance with bis directions. New York fruit growers spend approximately $3,000,000 annually in spfaying operations. In general three to five spray applications are made each season. It is of the utmost importance that each be applied at exactly the right time, neither too early nor too late, to avoid loss of labor and material and to catch the pests under exactly right conditions. In the case of apple scab, for example, a widespread and Injurious fungus pest, the scab remains practically dormant during fair weather, but becomes actively infectious during rainy spells. The Ideal condition for control of this pest, therefore, is two or three days of fair weather to apply the spray, followed by a rainy Drying Co-Operat- ive Many people who feed milk in some form to their laying flock regularly have been obliged to learn one thing about tbe feeding. A sudden change from sweet milk one day to sour tbe next, or back again, causes digestive troubles as a rule, and either checks the laying of the flock or upsets the feeding rations so that the mash or grain feed varies from day to day. Buttermilk, skimmed milk, saur or curd or sweet milk are all desirable feeds for chickens, but they should be fairly regular feeds, or fed in email amounts. If a change is necessary. Com for Silage Must Be Cut Fine and Packed Com for silage must be cut fine and tramped well in the silo if R is desired to make tbe best quality of feed and fill the silo to Its greatest capacity, says the United States Department of Agriculture. The usual length of ent--, of an Inch ting varies from to one Inch, but the latter is a little too long, as the pieces do not pack so readily in the silo, and they are not so completely consumed In feeding as the shorter lengths. one-fourt- h -- |