Show THE HUE ra USE AND ABUSE AIM OF A ROAD it Is timely with the completion of section ec t I 1 0 C and the likely construction soon eon ot of the last units of 0 the delta holden kanosh road to comment on oil tho the realization ot of the value of 0 the money placed in roads tho the load carried on oil a gravel roal roa 1 is passed down by each pebble to those just underneath which in turn carry it to those they rest on until at the bottom ot of a couo cone this weight is supported by a much larger area of earth surface to keep the pebbles from slipping out of 0 their place in this little cono cone there must be a binder ot of finer particles to fill in the spaces between them which is found mole moie or less in gravel or may be added sand and clay and the broken oits or of gravel itself since morel than enough to fill ill these voids would force the larger stones apart and make a yielding cushion between them and as it is not possible to perfectly mix tile the byrider through all the material at a gravel road is constructed ably a litile loan in binder then as it is used by traffic the softer stones crush and it all works into place and compacts if lamps and depressions form in it it they will pack as such it allowed to remain it ia s ine Lue important particularly the first year that a road be and caused to compact evenly and smooth soft spots may Jev lev elope in the earth sub grade ailts lolls bo be caused by wheels striking 4 i rock in the opposite track or where they bump over a hard spot and naturally vehicles traveling in the same track will cause ruts all of 0 which can be tilled filled in by a grader or drag particularly after a rain min when the gravel cuts oft off the high spots beba und packs most rea read dilly llly into the holec it if the load is so great that the sub aub grade will not support it or the dinder will not hold tile the gravel lit in place deep marks will be made and it f allowed to continue event eventually hally cut through the gravel and make holes it the sub grade causing weak spots where water will get under and permanent holes form this excessive wad fuad may be a common load on a lariew tire with its small bearing u rea ea or it may be a normal load when the frost is thawing in the spring or when there has been an abnormal amount of moisture causing the gravel to easily slip out of place As fast as these ruts form they must bes be got out and it is ia evident hat diat if narrow tired wagons are allow 4 upon a road the lie maintenance cost will be excessive A little considers con sidera tion lion when the frost is going out can easily be given when the haulers remembers what the roads are like that time of the year without the gravel surface and lighter loads be imposed through that period it ruts are allowed to remain and travel follow theta until they become deep in dry or wet weather the tendency is to upset the balance of tile the supporting powe and the sides ot or the ruts loosen locks fall into them causing bumps and chucks and bunches of gravel will bo be thrown about and packed into inta hard spots all of which in dragging Is avoided when it Is necessary to patch holes the material should bel bei well graded ideally with 40 percent less than vi 11 including 16 percent clay and winter maintenance should not be neglected in this district when roads get rough the high points often thaw elough tor for a drag to P all 11 thorn them into the ruts and make a decided improve mont ment in keeping the next storm from working deeper the tendency ot of tires particularly is to throw gravel down from the center ot of the road and the crown must be malit main tallied all rules for maintenance of earth and gravel roads are the same except possibly the higher crown required to drain earth but the construction st of a gravel road is not complete until it has been traveled over tor for a year on both it is ten percent spent to save the ninety percent and as much interest should be taken io in keeping it from going to ruin as there Is is in ili building it D B S remington |