!' News of the World for Busy Readers Editorial and Telegraphic Section TREMONTON, UTAH, THURSD& SEPTEMBER 4, 1919 COS T OF LI BEING BRAZID Melfinq T H .1 Like tm united T PRICES BEGINNING TO TURN DOWNWARD, DECLARES ATTORNEY GENERAL Slump Has Not Yet Gathered Momen-turBut He Advises Public to Give Government Chance to Show What It Can T iNTFIEPPLBfiliT GLENN E. PLUMB MAN OF THE HOUR The raanf the hour is Glenu E. Plumb, the. author of labor's plan to nationalize the railroads. A few days ago he was as unknown to the man In the street as any chief In Patagonia. His name is in the headlines now, and will stay there a long time. The spotlight has been thrust upon him with dramatic suddenness, lie is a corporation lawyer who gained his experience In transportation matters in Chi- n, Do. Washington. rrices are beginning to turn downward in various parts of the country, but the slump has not yet gathered momentum sufficient to affect purchases for immediate use, according to reports to the department of justice. Attorney General Palmer, asked how jsoou results could be expected from the campaign to reduce the cost of Jiving, said all the government wanted was a fair chance to show what could be done to take the artificial inflation out of the market. He said officials were well pleased with the success so far attained and that cumulative results were expected when congress uacts amendments to the iaw by wVick criminal penalties can be imposed ob profiteers and hoarders. ,"We hope the public will begin to reap the benefit of our efforts before long," Mr. Palmer said. "For instance, we are making progress in obtaining promises from shoe manufacturers as to fixing a limit beyond which pricos shall not ge." Propaganda which Is apparently n-wide, on Hie part of shopkeepers seeking to induce purchases now on the pretext that prices will be materially higher, next season, was condemned by Mr. Palmer as one certain thing which would make prices continue rising if heeded. His attention was called to advertisements in various papers stating straw hats, clotharticles ing and other should be 'bought before next year's cago. Mr. Plumb clings steadfastly to the assertion that the railroad unions aim "to eliminate the motive of " 9M&& operation for profit and substitute the motive of operation for service," to which he adds the corollary that "it means democracy in industry, without which democracy in politics is a mere shell and sham." He lives with his family in Chevy Chase, having moved there from Chicago recently.when it became apparent that his work as counsel for the four brotherhoods would mean the direction of a mighty fight. ' " food-contr- CROWELL ' natio- "It is1 very unfortunate tiiat'-f'ommerchants take that attitude, and we .have been studying the situation," the attorney general said. "Extensive purchases now, reducing the supply and .increasing the demand, would make their predictions come true, whereas we hope for a normal price level If the people do not stampede into a K buying hysteria." ? Replies to Mexican Note. .Washington. The American government's reply to Mexico's protest against the dispatch of American troops into Mexico in pursuit of bandits who held two American aviators :'or ransom, was sent forward. August 27, it was announced at the state department. Officials declined to discuss the contents of the note, saying that It probably would be made public in Mexico City. Lenroot Qffers Rail Plan. AVashington. Unification of the railroads of the country into one privately owned system, with minimum earnthe management ings guaranteed, shared by the security holders, public and employes, and with provision for sharing excess profits between the public and employes, Is proposed in ii bill introduced by Senator Lenroot of Wisconsin. Shooting of Miss Cavell Justified. Baltimore. Execution by the Germans f Miss Edith Cavell, the English nurse, which aroused the indignation of the allied world, was In accordance with the laws of "civilized warfare," according to a minority report of the committee on military law of the American Bar association, made public August 27. Public Curtails Meat Purchases. Chicago. A drop of $1 a hundred pounds on the average for hogs, with lower prices for beef ctafcle, at the stockyards Wednesday, was ascribed to several reasons, and partly to the general protest against the high cost of living. President to Come West. Washington. After weeks of uncertainty concerning the proposed trip, which will extend to the Pacific coast, definite announcement was made Wednesday that the president would leave Washington as soon as arrangements could bo made. Concentration of the air activities of the United States, civilian, naval and military, within the direction of a single government agency, with an official holding a place in the presi- - ' dent's cabinet at the head, is recommended by. the special American aviation mission, headed by Assistant Secretary of War Benedict Crowell, which has been studying aircraft development in Europe. The proposed department of aviation, the mission asserted, should be charged with full responsibility for "placing and maintaining our country In the front rank among nations in the development and utilization of " 'ir the national security and in the advancement of cU'u Va'iJ. tons, portatlon and communication arts." The report of the mission, which Is divided into three parts, dealing with general organization, commercial " development and technical develop ment, is based on studies made in England, France and Italy after conferences with air ministries of the three governments, ranking army and navy commanders, and the foremost aircraft manufacturers. air-M- e Inquiry Unveils Shipyard Graft. Seattle. Criminal proceedings are contemplated by the department, of justice in a case growing out of government shipbuilding in Washington, according to testimony given by Howard G. Cosgrove, Seattle, attorney for the Emergency Fleet Corporation, at .an investigation being conducted here by a special house of representatives committee in shipyard expenditures. URGES AIR DEPARTMENT RAZIL is of special interest to the people of the United 1 States these days. It is In the air that. America and .Brazil are to Decome Detter acquainted before reconstruction days are over. And If for no other reason Brazil Is Interesting to us because it is, like the United States, a melting pot of the nations. - When President-Elec- t Epitacio Pes-so- a was here recently he said, In a public address: "Having In mind the close relations which have always existed our two countries it is not surprising that the entrance of the United States In the great European conflict should have had a decisive Influence on Brazil's procedure. To the precious title of friend, uniting our destinies and claiming our share of effort and sacrifice, we added that of ally allied to the nation which has just furnished to history the most brilliant examples of ability and force. "Now-ththe monstrous scourge has disappeared from the face of the civilized world, and nations, Impelled by accumulated energy in the making up of lost time, are to resume their old life of peace and toll, Brazil will rejoice In continuing' to develop more and more the relations of every kind which bind her to the United States, and to strive for this end will be one of the fondest endeavors of my government." It is thus of particular importance that the United States endeavor to understand the conditions of life In this vast melting pot of the nations. The melting pot of Brazil is not just like ours. It seems, however, to be quite as complicated a boiling. The racial diversity In Brazilian society Is as pronounced as is the variety of its geographical groups.. A study of the home life is a study in ethnology. The original Portuguese stock is found In all phases of transition from unadulterated purity through partial and complete mixtures with native Indian and negro and fusion with foreign nationsItalian, German, English, Spnn-- . Ish and American. The Brazil of today Is a melting pot of races and nationalities as heterogeneous as It Is distracting to the chance traveler, says' Clayton S. Cooper In New York Sun. On beginning to ask questions one finds himself entangled In an Intricate maze of fusions between Portuguese and Brazilian-Portuguesforeigners and Brazilian foreigners, Brazilians who are Brazilians and Brazilians who are ethnologlcally cahoclos or mestizos, or sertaos; or BrnzUIans who locally or historically are Paullstos, d Dutch;Brazlllans, Indians, or sons and daughters of a half a dozen foreign races or nations, who are Brazilians because they were born In Brazil, The visitor freshly landed and g L vJFJ -- at German-Brazilian- pure-bloode- s, suddenly into this .diverting congeries of human, national and racial amalgamation,' is Incfined to sympathize' with1 the probable enlightenment of Colonel Roosevelt, who Is reported to have Inquired of a sea captain concerning the population of a certain West Indian island, when the old sea dog replied : 'Well, there are some Spanish, a few French," some Portuguese, a few Dutchmen and a dozen other races the Lord didn't Intend." The amazing wonder of all (especially to a North American less familiar with European races," and holding decided views concerning color lines, etc.), is the manner In which this country is slowly, and apparently with harmony and democratic social and racial relations, evolving a distinct Brazilian The salient characteristics of type. what Is becoming to be. known as the true Brazilian character include the aristocratic, culture and high Intelligence of the old family Portuguese stock, at once Latin and Moorish by Inheritance, the exaltation, daring and passion of a vigorous aborigine's blood, softened by the affectionate, emotional strain of the African, especially In north Brazil the whole shot through with typical modernity and enterprise that mnrriage and general contact with European races have afforded. With such elements, the national home life of Brazil Is being compounded. The Latin races are said to be lacking In homelike qualities, as compared with English or Teutonic peoples. Moreover, the Portuguese, who gave Brazil formative principles, were more truly the copyists of Roman civilization than any other European stock, and the Romans were famous for their slight attention to the home. Yet Portugal has been ever a land of homes and her new. world Brazilian daughter has Inherited her Instinct. It Is o land plnclng great emphasis on family life. There Is always danger, In. writing of a subject like. Brazilian home life, for the narrator to overgenerallze. Home and family life Is, like the civilization generally diverse, and it Is necessary to decline the stratum of life one is talking about If an attempt is made to There find universal' characteristics. is the home of the serlnguero or rubber gatherer In the lonely, fastness of the Amnfcoii 'wilderness, and the topee of the still savage Indian of the forest jungle. The fisher folk, a considerable clan scattered ajong the Brazilian const from the extreme north to the Argentine boundary, have a life distinctive, bringing their hauls of fish ashore In frail looking boats and In light hearted talk and song sit about their rude huts at twilight to sup on a bit of farina, a drop of native whisky and some of the Brazilian dried beef to the accompaniment of the vlolao. Should one be Just to the mony sided home and social life of this gl gantlc country, he must need write also of the occupations of the i lucho, plunged - ' -- or Brazilian cowboy, living his, daring and picturesque existence apart on the southern interior plains ; then there is the important section of Brazilian society best seen in its original home In the state of Minas the fazendelro, or caiplra, as he Is sometimes called, the country magnate whose wealth is his proud plantations, and who lives also more or less Isolated with his family, constituting his own kingdom independent and free and hospitable as was any of our old southland planters, or any medieval baronial lord. It Is this land holders class that makes a strong appeal to young and old Brazil alike. : This king of the land and horses and wide distances fascinates and calls forth something inherent In the Brazilian character. This country is first of all an agricultural domain of colossal area, and the fazendelro still holds In his hand the nation's key. Of him one has said: "Such authority as he knows has vanished perhaps from the greater part of the world, but In Brazil it rules unquestioned, forming a powerful bond between the soil and Its owner. "In his powerful solitude the land owner Indulges In his love of Intellectual culture, he Inclines toward philosophy; he possesses a certain natural eloquence. This Brazilian aristocracy enjoys political as well as social power. They form the structure, the framework of all party politics ; they are Its strength, Its very life; It Is they who govern and administer Brazil." One is confronted here with the remnants of a feudal oligarchy, with the culture and refinement belonging to It In the middle ages of Europe, but with the striking difference that this older and Influential Brazilian social order Is being voluntarily changed and mixed with a complex variety of mass population, slowly but surely forming a democratic society, In which the spirit of republicanism and equality Is strong er even than the spirit of the national religion. Any concrete description of a home of the better class is a biography of the life and characteristics of the Brazilian woman the wife and mother. Domestic existence Is peculiarly her sphere of action and .Influence, and from this throne of home life she rules, and also shines. Brazilian women are not only nice to look at and Intelligent conversation alists ; they are furthermore "the moth ers of men." It Is a land of large families, eight and ten children being no exceptional thing In a Brazilian home. The upbringing of children Is not at tended with any superfluous modern fads, and eugenics, twilight sleep, birth control, together with other reforms of our northern "efficiency" civilization, are as yet unknown. SIMON LAKE, INVENTOR Simon Lake has been at work perfecting the modern submarine since 1896. And while he was perfecting the submarine for destruction he was also evolving one for salvage. Today his plans are complete, and out in Long Island sound lies the submarine. The device is apparently simple. A noncollapsible steel tube permits the salvers to have an operating base on A flight of the floor of the ocean. stairs run down this tube. One end of the tube Is attached to the surface vessel and the other to an operating Water-bnllachamber. tanks are distributed throughout its length so that the structure can be placed In equilibrium with the water when ready for submergence. Under perfectly normal conditions a man can walk down these stairs to the bed of the sea. He can step from the submarine and walk in perfect safety and comfort on the floor of the ocean, There Is an alrlocked chamber which enables a man to go out through a door into the sea, but which prevents the water from coming in. FISKE GIVEN AERO CLUB MEDAL The board of governors of the Aero Club of America have awarded the gold medal of the club to Rear Admiral Bradley A. Flske, U. S. N., retired, for his Invention of the torpedo plane, patented on July 16, 1912, which was used effectively during the war. Announcement Is also made of the receipt of a letter from Admiral Flske which says, among other things: "To be awarded the gold medal of the Aero Club of America Is an honor that Is exceptional, because the staudlng of the Aero club Is exceptional. But though the standing of the Aero club Is high, the effective work which It carried on throughout the war Is not fully appreciated by the nation for the reason that Its work was unofficial, and therefore not recognized officially. "Like ninny another unrecognized agency, however, Its influence was potent nnd profound. Acting as the advance scout of aeronautic progress, the Aero club continually gave Information to the country of the possibilities of naval and military aeronautics, Insisted that those possibilities be utilized, and demanded that congress appropriate such sums of money as would enable the government departments to jtlllze those possibilities completely and In time. Admiral Flske concludes by paying a tribute to the patriotism and Intelligence of the press In air matters. - L I f ; '