Show g ff aft natio nal topics interpreted by william washington lt it has hag been just a year since franklin delano roosevelt car ried tits lits new deal A program into theeb the liv new deal cute siani mansion ion at washington tind and the country has witnessed in that time many insky of the most revolutionary changes in its economic slid and social and financial structure that could be imagined indeed to in a nation that has a tradition of eing being largely conserva the live some of the things that have happened or have been brought about by the new dealers could not even ba b imagined except by those who dwell in the house or of the theorist but the they y have come they are with us and without commendation or criticism it Is being asked what have we for one thing in the post past twelve months we have observed tife the slowly stretching tent tentacles acles of the federal government reaching out into hitherto unknown functions we have seen those tame same tentacles taking over more and more tile the rights of individuals and of states and lesser divisions of gov government ern and we have witnessed what tome some persons hold to be an absolute destruction of that basic difference bet between one nation and a union of our several states that Is according to the view just set forth we are for forthe the period of the emergency at least just one people instead of peoples of the 48 states and the district of Colum columbia bih also al so I 1 think it Is true that never in our history have we known a time when the president of the united states was possessed of lucli power either legally or politically as now in the preparation of this weekly letter I 1 consulted with men and w women or 11 of thought and vision and I 1 believe there was no exception to the conviction that none can accurately forecast what the ultimate results of these changes are going to bo be and social changes are slow to nurture mature into their full hect affect it Is natural that they should be so it Is going to be some years before we can caff dinow whether tile theories and the plans of the new dealers will be accepted int into 0 tho the basic structure of american lives of one thing we can be sure if all of the changes or aven even halfon half of them are re knitted permanently into our so c caal lal structure tile the accomplishment of these last twelve months la in that direction will all have been greater creator by many times than the chango changes that have occurred in any other century indeed in several centuries combined I 1 take for example the principles of NUA AAA and the others of the alphabetical phabe organizations L every ve iane of them has injected into american life projects and propositions emch were rejected in one form or another in their basic ideas in years gono gone by under the desperation of tb the e depression they were hurled into the whirlpool of our soda social structure with varying success as measured bythe by the results thus far nearly all of thearin the principles injected into the commercial lifeblood of the nation are of a character to promote group or unit action distinguished from individual action that was developed with the opening up of american resources after formation of the union we never nave have known for instance a time when our government told business in so many words that tit could work together as a unit it if it jnet inet certain requirements nor have we ever known alime a time when our government said to agriculture that it had to cut down its production in a monopolistic agreement in order to force higher prices one could go on and on with illustrations now to repeat the earlier question what have we i there la Is and d can b be little doubt of economic progress in the last ter fer months the coun noticeable try fry has emerged progress from the depression depres slon to some extent at least I 1 believe no one can say sa with assurance however that we are far enough on the rond road to recovery that we can be sure of no relapse out but those persons who are best in a position to appraise conditions certainly feel there has been a gain As to the cause of this improvement one can pick up tin an argument almost anywhere the ardent supporters of tile the new deal assort assert the rosevelt poll ties are responsible while those opposed to the roosevelt policies claim there Is a probability that some or all of the progress made came from the natural wearing out of the depris depression that Is 19 history records the same course for all depressions stocks and supplies are exhausted and production starts up of its own accord to meet the demand so we are starting in on a second year of the now new deal as I 1 see the picture still uncertain as to the outcome but equipped with greater confidence than obtained among the rank and file of the people a year ago it will be recoiled how flow kanj many times president preside rit roosevelt has said in presenting now fiew items in ili his new newdell deal that berd waa else 6 to try no lie ha ii bip expert r imen cacno ua aho liw of alt aye tago aab might A at teen to cate thai that part work aoa add and obviously lai parti iti pl ill anem 1 41 I 1 ba haet fluent ial in the a ocono ddn lol hit has s 1 bin n nin ade deity who cap can say aay with assurance which they bew wew and ad how much kaw r ir af na c ta anyone attempting to make an in unreal filed statement of the ge results it this athla time Is either biased or Inell inclined ned to stupidity human nature has chang changed ed slowly through the while we ore are looking into the extent to which tile the roosevelt policies tune lime carried the ted fed wide powers eral government tn in individual affairs lt it for wallace ace I 1 13 Is proper to cull call attention to the far reaching even sen proposal to give ghe secretary ot of agriculture wallace authority to control the amount of cotton that may be produced each year the legislation known as the bankhead hill bill Is undoubtedly tile the most important proposition yet devised for extending federal power because it not only invades rights hitherto respected but it provides the secretary of agriculture with power to force cotton farmers to obey his orders in limiting the cotton production succinctly the bankhead bill with which congress Is now wrestling would limit the production of cotton in the united states to nine million bales for the crop year of 1914 85 and la order to prevent the production or of a greater amount there Is a destructive sales tax provided for application to the surp surplus lui the tax 1 li fixed at twelve cents a pound for tile the amount in excess of nine million bales and that figure of course Is higher than the value of the cotton itself to enable the secretary of agriculture to control the production each former farmer who p planted I 1 a bitted cotton would hive have to obtain from the secretary what Is describe dL as a certificate of for the amount he be ii intender Intend eu to 0 produce that Is to say the farmer would be given a certificate exempting M so many pounds of cotton from the operation of the sales tax and it Is presumed that the certificates of exemption will be issued only for the required amount sy P from this brief outline it must be apparent that never before has bas there thera been such a drastic proposal for control of individual businesses of men to in this country under the p present r es ani crop reduction plans the proposition Is voluntary there la 19 a contee arrangement into which the producer voluntarily enters but huntr the new proposal thu limitation 8 placed directly in the hands of te 11 secretary of agriculture and hela given power at tho the game time tj ti tee see ib that t his slona as aa to total A fire are obeyed I 1 aa J I 1 have heard nil of the arguments menta to the bill ami W some of them against it but none 0 of i hem em have made clear to me what can be done in poor crop years or in years when there to la a bumper crop what I 1 mear Is this tile total for tile crop year of Is fixed at nine million bales on the acreage of a normal or average year jear but assume there Is especially favorable weather lier jn in the year and the production is far above the average then will the farmer bo be penalized by having to destroy that part of hla his crop in excess of the amount stated on his certificate of exemption t or what benefits will he gain when nature has smiled on lits crop 0 0 there Is also the converse of the proposition assume there Is another drought of 1930 1010 proon the portions and the cot other hand ton crop pla Is virtually rt nally destroyed ilow how la Is the cotton producer going to be rewarded for having reduced his acreage and where wll will the country get its supplies of cotton obviously a short crop will enhance the price yet with a small acreage will the farmer get even a fair return from the higher prices secretary wallace of the department of agriculture called attention to another possible result of the bill lie ile told a congressional committee that lie feared there would be a reg ular business of dealing in exemption certificates develop rom that feature of the bill one can only guess where that would lead mr ir wallace said that the value of the exemption certificates obviously would fluctuate along with the rate of the tar on the excess and the higher the rate of the tax the greater would bo be the value lalue of the exemption certificate in so far as the exemption certificates are of high value ho he said the there may be a tendency to shift the emphasis from cotton production to un emphasis on procuring of exemption certificates these certificates themselves might become a corn com this could mean that various persons who in the past have engaged tn in the production of cotton mid and would be entitled to exemption may prefer to remain out of cotton production abd to rely for part art of their income acome normally received ree tred from cotton upon the sales values ot of beir e exemption xem bilon bertl certificates flea teg A the tb secretary likewise and eoIn fed to a ano spot apol in the statement ant no dul due tipa made in I 1 soll soil c 0 the north and soda south lines of oc the cotton belt and other ANN ito JA Q by Nv western estera newspaper wait |