Show 4 apa 0 1 1 0 ritaa 4 g 04 4 kb A N I 1 r t duke kung descendant of confucius in seventy sixth generation prepared by tho the national geographic society washington D C Klao chow Tsing tao shantung these form a jumble of names that have served jo to make the fai famous shantung question fairly bristle with contusion confusion in the west avest the so ho called shantung question began when the germans determined to have a naval base in northeastern chinese waters maters they gained possession of the rocky promontory at the entrance of Kiao Klao chow bay where deep water was available and on this point built from the ground up the new typically german town of tsing tao to add to the confusion of names file region as well as the bay lias bas been known as Kiao Klao chow and there was already in existence a town of that name some six miles inland from the bay and wholly ili olly outside the leased zone eay day and towns are in tile alie province of shantung one of the most important of chinas cainas states this I 1 go mern ern mental unit of square miles as large ns as pennsylvania blary land and delaware delabar Dela war combined has a large peninsula jutting out to the east which half closes tile gulf of chlell Clif fill the front door to peking out of the large domain of shantung the territory actually leased to germany and transferred by the versailles treaty to japan has an area of square miles bittle little more than that of the original district of columbia the issue between china and japan therefore in so no far as it concerns territory actually claimed might he be more correctly called tile the Kiao Klao chow question but there are other aspects of the problem than the outright claim to territory germany also had concessions to construct railway lines into the interior ot of shantung and to carry on mining operations there and japans insistence on falling heir to these privileges and tile alie fear of the chinese that they would lead to closer control of the entire region by the alie concessionaires has raised the klao chow problem into the shantung question british have a concession and Kiao Klao chow Is not the only part of shantung that has already passed under control of a foreign government near the very tip of the shantung peninsula about miles north enot bait of the Klao chow area Is wel wei hal wel el a region of about the same extent leased by the british one of the reasons why china was in R position to meet foreign demands fol foi territorial concessions on the coast of shantung Is picturesque some con centuries cont urles ago this coast was ravaged time and again by the band of a notorious pirate the bloody kidd and henry morgan combined of the far east the emperor then reigning unable to protect his subjects from the murderous depredations of Kox kopinga inga commanded them to retire about twelve miles inland and leave the strip of land and along the coast a deserted no mans land since that time much of the shantung toast coast had been free froni from villages lages and even inhabitants Altho ligh there Is a touch of modern western advancement in its english dominated port of wel wei lial hal wel and in glerman german japanese Tsin TsIng etao tao and the Kiao Klao chow zone shantung bo ta a ch which goes back to tile the beg beginning hining of chinas cainas national life willian its miles there reside more than pe people ople the density of population bein being greater than in any other province in ili the co country mitry it Is not hare bare to understand the lie abnormal ormill population of inland shan tun for the province Is traver traversed cl from frim north to south by the he grand canal tin an artificial waterway 1200 1200 miles in length which as a commerce anler forthe nation ranks annil only to the great kiang till toils canal furnishes cheap transportation for the lie rich yield of the shantung coal mines and tor for the lead copper and gold ore of the district as irell of as agricultural produce in the lie valleys of the province the fertile soil rewards the husbandman with an abundant yield of wheat corn rice millet miller arrowroot vegetables and fruit the northern plains homeer ho weier weer are ara valueless from an agricultural stand point because the land la Is saturated with salt harvest wax with worms one of the novel crops of province is an odd variety of W was ax harvested from the wax was tree with the tha aid of armies of wax worms shiell are sent forth to forage much as the silk w worm orm forces force are marti aled for attack on mulberry leaves after a summers depredations on the wax was trees the worms exude a substance which when melted forms wax after the little harvesters have paid their wax was tribute the chinese collect them and place them indoors where they are stall fed until the following spring when the processes proc process essis Is repeated silk culture Is one of the most lin Indu industries s of shantung one of the varieties of fibre fabre produced la Is pongee or achl fu silk obtained from worms that are tod fed on the leaves of 0 dwarfed oaks these oak spinners are ara not always treated with the same consideration accorded corded ne the wax worms for when sl hen the pongee cocoon Is finished the alie worm vorm often finds find its way to the table of a wealthy native where it la Is highly prized as a dellea delicacy cy still another rather important industry of shantung affects from far across the sea the pence peace of mind of modern american maids with unruly tresses the women of shantung young and old busy themselves tying lying into form the filmy nets of hair that make well groomed coiffures coif fures possible on blustery spring days on fifth avenue br or when the lake winds swoon swoop down on Islic michigan higan boulevard hundreds of thousands of these alry airy manufactures fac tures large in numbers but few in pounds are shipped to america annually birthplace of confucius shantung will ever hold a place of supreme aT affett lon in the hearts of for it was in this province provin ce that one of the worlds greatest moral teachers the famous sage confucius was born even more important in ancestor revering china confucius Is g hurled in this was also the native province of lus one ona of confucius most distinguished followers the tomb of confucius near chowsu Is the object of pilgrimage to many but strangely enough i it Is not gl nearly arly ns na great a drawing card as Is tat tal shan the highest of Chi chinici chinas niti I 1 five sacred mountains which Is als also 0 in holy shantung and not far from chowsu at tat tal shan one finds what might be called holy mountaineering de up the peak which Is bogo feet high has been constructed a broad paved path with stone steps wherever the declivity Is steep and in the spring tills this big highway hwal Is thronged thron ged with as many as pilgrims a day on the claffa which the climber passes precepts are carrel constituting huge religious bill boards by the wayside at intervals are temples where offerings offering to tile the priests prIest 5 are made conven convenient lent taoist buddhist and confucian shrines tire are intermingled though the mountain itself has been beeh considered it sacred place since before the latter two cults came into existence at the very crest of the holy mount tire are throe three temples of tile the three faiths twentieth century communication ot of it a sort was opened to the sacred places of shantung when the tien tsin bukow railway was completed in 1912 1012 cut but it t was only of a sort one express train a week to jukow sufficed for superior travel but no arrangements were made for taking care of religious tourists one still goes to the home of confucius as one would have gone in tile middle ages express trains train do da not at chowsu station atlon Bt SS I 1 south of uan unless great officials ciali are arc aboard find and wish to alight there by special stipulation of duke kung descendant of confucius anti and liend head ol of the clan the railroad passed six rollo from the he city and there are no aila quate accommodations for large nuni bets bers of trai travelers elers |