Show prepared by the united staten slates department of agriculture the relative ot of plows of different sizes the value 0 of the tractor compared with horses the saving effected by corn binders builders hay loaders loa ders and numerous other implements and other facts bearing on farm management are discus discussed wil by specialists of the office of farm management in a bulletin recently issued the publication discusses in detail the standard lays work in central illinois that Is the amount of work that the COO farm fann ers included in the investigation ordinarily do in that part of the work day devoted to a given farm operation such as the number of acres plowed with a given equipment in some instances nees the rate of work is given in the bulf bulletin etin in number of min nu lites per loaf load as in loading and hay or hauling and spreading manure prom from the alie figures published one may get a good idea of the rate it at which different farm farin operations are done in ili the parts of the corn belt in question for example it is shown that one man does from TO 70 to 80 per cent more with the 28 inch horse drawn gang plow than with the one bottom 10 16 inch plow F figures ire are given tor for spring an and fall plowing harrowing planting cultivating harvesting husking hushing seeding unloading ear car corn unloading oats cload loading in and unloading hay and hauling and spreading In manure allure the bulletin is entitled the standard days work in central illinois copies may be had by addressing the united states department of agriculture washington D C the farms represented oy this inquiry are fairly typical of those throughout the middle western states since the average crop area is 1074 1674 acres I 1 arid and an average of acres is never planted to crops corn Is IB the principal product at least one halt of the crop area being devoted to it and the oat crop Is second in importance llie ground cultivated in most instances 14 level and so represents cus cas ler fer working conditions than rolling on off rugged country the average time spent in the field e exclusive of the time used in going to and returning from the field at morning noon and night is reported by these thebe men as ten hours and ten minutes per day devoted to spring field work and corn cultivation nine hours and 55 minutes for haying and grain harvesting nine hours and 30 minutes for fall plowing and preparing ground and nine hours and 20 minutes for corn harvest important facts emphasized among the significant facts brought out by this inquiry may be mentioned the following under conditions where the use uc us e of a to two row corn cultivator is practicable this oils machine enables one man on these firms to col coer r neatly neaily twice as much ground per day as w ith a one row cultivator cul ti three horses are most commonly used on the two row cultivator and the addition of a fourth horse apparently ly increases but little the amount of ground covered per day these farmers find that the use ule of a corn binder increases the efficiency of man labor 50 60 per er cent over that achieved when cutting and sho shocking cRing by hand eighty bushels was an average days work on oa these farms for one man when nhen husking arn rn from the standing stalk by hand s the use of a portable elevator reduces the time required to unload grain into the blu bin by about 75 per cent the use of a hay loader reduced reduce 4 by about 25 23 per cent the time required to put on a load of hay the amount of labor required for unloading into the mow is only a little more than halt half as great when a hayfork Is used as when thi the work Is done by hand I 1 the men in tills this territory who use immure manure spreaders haul and spread a given amount or of manure in less than half the time required by men who haul in wagons ond and spread by hand A large majority of the men reporting in broadcast their small grain using seeders attached to me box of an ordinary wagon only about 25 per cent of the farmers reporting own grain drills the bulletin analyzes each field operation from the standpoint of man labor requirements horse labor re size of machine etc the manner manned in which the data on plowing have been summarized ed ti typical of the way in which several subjects tire are treated about 80 per cent of the farmers reported the use of sulky plows about SO per cent that they use horse drawn gang ahr 1 s and 14 per cent reported the use of rectors for plowing sulky plows popular A large majority of the lie fa banners use us 10 inch sulky plows nearly nil all of 0 them with three horses in the tpring three acres Is nit an average days work for this outfit for 1 avely few fin farmers iners using 14 inch sulky plows with three horses horse in spring plowing about three acres is an average days work while theoretically the winch W IG inch plow should cover about 15 per cent more ground in the same length of 0 time this apparently has not been found true in practice four horse teams team Pret preferred erred the greater number ot of four livorse teams and even some five horse teams on 11 14 inch sulky plows tor for fall plowing ii 19 accounted for by the tort fact that plow ing ng in the fall Is usually about one inch deeper than in the spring and alo al by the fact that the ground is generally dry and hard to turn on oil an average outfits of the same size cover about it a half bialt acre less per day in fit the fall than alian in the spring due not only to the more difficult conditions mentioned above but ano also to the fact ti that I 1 at the time spent in ali alie field Is about tw two 0 thirds 04 0 an hour less e per day in the fall As is the cas case in spring plowing the 14 inch V plow low seems to cover practically as much round ground per day as the lo 16 lucli luch size provided both are drawn by the same game number of borsek the addition ot of the fourth borbe inc increases the efficiency of tn fine eunit wilt by about 10 per cent and the addition of the 06 fifth horse to the 10 inch plow ilov results in a sh similar tillar increase excepting under favorable conditions a sulky plow seems to be somewhat bat of an overload tor for three horses of the size and type used on these farms many gang plows used over men reported using lio se drawn gang plows on their farms famis about 80 per cent of these plows have 14 inch bottoms most of the remaining plows have 12 inch bottoms some plows with 13 inch bottoms bottom were reported s but the number was so small that no f figures on oil their perform performance ane are given over three fourths of the men who use ue gang plows also reported the use usa ot of sulky plows A comparison of nn in average ila days Ys work for 10 16 inch sulky plows and 28 enli pang gang plows shows that so for far a as horse holse labor Is concerned the gang plow drawn by four horses Is 19 the lie most 0 n clent unit in both spring and fall in spring this outfit cones one awl aud a I 1 quarter acres per day per ho hors p while jill both bolli the sulky plow drawn by three horses find and the gang ang plow drawn by fai fhe e horses cover one acre per day per horse the gang plow drawn by six horses covers but nine tenths of on nn acre per horse borse in the fall four homem hoist a with the gang plow cover aclei aar per horse while three horses on the sulky hulky plow and five horses on the gang plow cover 80 acre and 91 acre per horse respectively four horses on the sulky plow and six horses borse s on the gang plow cover 72 and 78 acre per horse respectively however the gang la 14 evidently a heavy load for four horses in the lie fall excepting under favorable conditions the 28 inch gang plow lq Is a heavier load for six horses the lie mosi popular sized amm used ud in the lie fall han Is the IG 16 inch sulky for four horses bin bill Is a lighter load than abo t 16 inch sulky far three horses As far as ninn man labor Is iq concerned the gang plow drawn by six rix horses honses Is s of course the most effelean t unit both in the spring and fall but li when licit horse labor as well as man labor Is con si dered it ls isreen seen that hat the adv advantage altage antage of this largest unit 1 Is somewhat klint leq le ened |