Show FAMOUS PEACE TREATIES by H IRVING KING ICING copyright ht yiv by the h mcclure news newspaper M pape 0 aly syndicate ali c 0 ale CONGRESS OF BERLIN 1878 A peace congress that helped to settle the balkan situation some e 0 one n somewhere e w h e re remarked that some retti barked tilie ax the eastern st e r n question s ta 0 n would w 1 perplex erp mankind until the day of ju judgment dent those fragments of nations malch h I 1 c I 1 strew the balkan peninsula are so divided in race language and traditions that they dwell side ly by side in a state of constant discord mid aind belligerency no one race being able to assimilate simi late the others a snelling pot in which nothing melts but which Is in ti ri constant state of ebullition in 1875 the idea of pan had become a strong sentiment in russia isug ain pan sia ism in russia was answered by a revival of pan islamism in turkey russian agents were everywhere in the peninsula stirring up the christian populations and all tile the rus sulman reaction and the alie increased tyranny of the porte still further excited the peoples already stirred by dreams uprisings began serbia declared war on turkey montenegro and albania flew tit at each others throats the powers intervened and there were conferences feren ces protocols arid and armistices armist ices while the turks put down the uprisings and defeated the Ser serbians Serb ians blans and montenegrins Montene grins bilth great aslaug slaughter eliter the uprising in bulgaria was put do down n by the turks with such cruelty that w the bulgarian massacres stirred all europe E drope turkey remained rema ineil deaf to the proposals of the concert of europe declared war the patience of the czar was exhauster hausted on april 21 24 1877 lie he gave orders for or his armies to cross the hie turkish frontier and declared war against turkey ile he had previously concluded nn an alliance with roumania by which the russian armies had the right of passage through that country and the doumanian Rou manian army was to coop co op erate with the army of russia ED rna land had acquiesced in the russian move provided the czar did not occupy constantinople or the dardanelles Darda nelles let egypt alone and recognized the neutrality of thesues the Suez canal austria had been appeased by a secret pact with regard to besnia bosnia and and by the vision dangled before tier her of an outlet on the east to the aegean sea at the ostensible object of the war was to force the porto to put into operation under european superintendence his promised reforms and to secure the autonomy of the subject states the russians crossed the danube in ID J june i clr ie t took 0 i k S hick a p pas as q 1 in n ju july ty and n t e 1 defeated I t f e ate 1 I before ef or e ll 11 elevna le v na in ID july rind and Septer september riber they defeated ill the e turks nt at aladia dagh in armenia in october and took kars kara by sto storm rm in november all and the army passed through the balkans and advanced to the outskirts of constantinople on march 3 1878 it 11 treaty was signed at san stefano a little port on the see sea of at marmora between russia and turkey czar was frightened all the balkan peoples except the he bulgarians Bulga rians broke out into a tempest of protest upon the news of 0 this treaty austria ln who saw tier her dream of reaching the aegean gone glimmering tin anil 11 even tier her control of 0 bodnia bosnia and dierze govina shared by russia voted 60 gulden for war purposes and prepared to seize upon poll Bo basilla bosnia silla england called out the reserves and DIs baell startled europe by bringing indian troops to malta the british fleet steamed into the sea of 0 marmora and lay near constantinople the concert of 0 europe demanded that the treaty be submitted to a congress of the alie powers the coalition of europe ti against him scared tile the czar and lie he consented the congress of berlin therefore met june 13 1878 before attending the congress disraeli Dis rnell made a secret pact with the sultan by which england acquired complete control of until july 13 bismarck presided and gerchakov Gor chakov the russian and andrassy the austrian were the principal figures gerchakov Gor chakov and als rnell fought each other tooth and nall nail once thellus the russian sian created n sensation by gathering up lip his papers and starting to leave the council room at another time disraeli startled the delegates by ordering a special train to take him to calais when the cyprus conent lon came to light the diplomats felt that disraeli had tricked them that night he attended a reception As he entered a silence fell upon the angry buzzing of the assembled statesmen disraeli understood of what are you voll thinking asked the princess PrInces 4 ra 1 I am thinking of nothing he replied 1 I am enjoying myself the treaty as finally signed by thie th congress provided that bulgaria should not extend south of the balkans and the military occupation of russia was reduced to nine months |