Show HESSIAN FLY THREATENS WINTER WHEAT I 1 cheh e ESSIA this ma pest lives through the winter in bals es of the wheat stalks A as pupae in small brown row n cases k P resembling flay seeds lii in the winged g alies fil fsr ern emerge a from the aured wheal and ny fly to healthy wheat where ya lay th ei ir eg 0 in ro on the leaves leaver from the eggs 1 l hatch h tiny 5 that crawl awl down within the bases of nf the hta leaves 1 feed there or on the plant pa sap mature and chanse change to pupae pupa by harvest time these remain 1 aowad e stubble and unless the p under will form a second veneration of flies in the fall these flies the hiar leave the stubble ai live but a few days and look for young it inthey if they can find winter wheat H FI no live wheat on which to FALL aboveground above ground 17 they wilt will die without lay ins A ss THIS 91 b aw V are the 0 TWO VITAL POINTS 1 for the CONTROL of the hessian f fly ay plow under deeply postpone sowing winter wheat all Infested wheat stubble until the afa raf e date so that during summer or early none of the plants will appear fall where this is practicable IV ae above ground until after the flies and does not interfere with nave have died the growing of clover or sowing on this date aate usually important forage grasses insures largest rainfall yields in seasons of normal if volunteer wheat starts consult your county agent or 01 kill it ty by disking diskin or plowing state agricultural college re res gardini arding while it la is st still young voun the afe for your region prepared by the united states department of 0 agriculture serious injury to the winter wheat crop of 1920 by the hessian fly seems extremely probable reports received by tile the united states department of 0 agriculture entomological experts in the mississippi winter wheat region indicate a rapid increase of the hessian fly in that important wheat growing district these reports show that considerable young wheat already has been killed by the hessian fly and that serious losses to the crop of 1920 tire are almost certain unless winter wheat growers east of the rocky hooky mountains can be induced to unite to in a concerted movement to observe the ap approved provet methods of combating the hessian hy during the summer an and d fall of 1920 it seems that a disastrous general outbreak of the pest very probably will occur in 1021 1921 A shortage of fam labor and unfavorable weather conditions at planting time have combined to influence many wheat growers in planting their grain too early in the season this has resulted in a heavy infestation of hesslan hessian fly in practically all of tills this early planted wheat damage feared in east A dangerously heavy infestation of hessian fly also exists in the piedmont plain wheat hent regions lying east of the appalachian mountains and embracing maryland Maryla nl virginia Virgin la and eastern pennsylvania complaints of serious hesslan hessian fly damage in ill that region have already begun to in be heard and there in 13 tit at present avry indication that early smon soft n wheat ln in these states will lie be considerably IT not seriously reduced d lit lir yield tills this year f there Is no remedy tor for the lie hessian fly when once it takes possession of 0 a crop of wheat grain that Is so heavily infested as to afford little promise of a profitable yield should be deeply plowed down and lightly harrowed as aa early in the spring as Is practicable this should be done by march 1 it if possible so as to bury the stubble and prevent a large part of the flies from issuing and other fields 0 of growing wheat or barley the land may then be planted to oats corn or other immune quick growing crops so as to avold avoid a complete loss losa of profit from the land during the current year how to fight the fly the methods for combating the hes sian ly fly are in brief as follows 1 practice crop rotation do not sow wheat on leIf elf it Is to avoid doing so 2 plow under all infested stubble where possible soon after harvest 3 destroy all volunteer wheat by harrowing harro xIng disking plowing or other method 4 plow all land to be sown to wheat ns as early and deeply as existing conditions permit and prepare a thoroughly pulverized and compacted seedbed 5 conserve moisture against a period of drought at seeding time 6 use good seed 7 fertilize 8 sow wheat during the he fly free period as advised by your farm advisor or state experiment station adhere to these practices every yeat whether the fly Is abundant or scarce they will help to keep it scarce community operation cooperation co is essential if success is to be attained because one infested field may furnish enouf enough b flies to damage the wheat for several miles around |