Show SPRAY FOR ORCHARD INSECTS better understanding on part of growers will add much to efficiency of operation prepared by the united states department of agriculture insect control in orchards and vineyards is 19 largely effected by spraying and the needs of the in the protection of his crops from the attack attach of insects and fungi have been the predominating features in the development and excellence of our present lists of insecticides and our variety of spray tying lne apparatus ipp aratus A spraying Is one of the more el expensive of the several orchard operations erat crat ions the value of the crop Is so greatly increased thereby that it Is a comparatively small investment the expense amounting to only a fiRe fi action tion of the returns dire directly itly due to the practice orchard spraying Is in fact an exceedingly cheap form of insurance it must not bo be inferred however that spraying operations are uniformly A X I 1 f I 1 f I 1 Is r ri S V j p I 1 41 A A examples of insects with biting mouth pa parts arts a grasshopper bt b e beetles c d sawfly larvae f caterpillar er successful while a consid considerable eble degree of skill in spraying has now been reached by a large proposition of fruit growers there Is still room tor for a good jeal of improvement of all orchard work spraying Is most likely to be slighted or even neglected and there is need that fruit fifolt growers have a moris more intimate knowledge of spraying g materials spraying machinery and e especially the abys whys and wherefore of spraying the ahe term spraying unfortunately nas has corne come to have a general meaning and it is apparent that some fruit growers do not yet understand that the kind of spray and the manner of application depend upon the character of insect or insects to be controlled the up to date will know just what each spray application is intended to do and will realize uie the importance of spinning at the proper time and in fit the proper way A better understanding der ler on the part of fruit growers of the life arid and habits of the insect pests of their crops and of the nature of insecticides insecticide will add much to the efficiency of their work in fighting them th there re are several important insect pests however from which spraying does not give protection and theaon the control of these must not be overlooked by the of these the most serious are the several species of borers which are best destroyed by systematic worming once or twice each year the great desirability of keeping insects reduced by up to date orchard practice us as fertilization fe thorough cultivation and attention to pruning and other operations cannot be emphasized too strongly and is well appreciated by our most progressive and successful growers A knowledge of the character of the mouth parts of insects is of importance to the fruit grower for it determines the he general character of sprays to tx be used broadly speaking all insects secure their food in one of two tuo ways 1 by actually biting out and swallowing I gitig portions of the food material or 2 by sucking out the juices from the interior portions of the host while there are exceptions to tills this general statement these are unimportant in the present connection biting and sucking types of mouth month parts part are on two quite distinct plans il in the former there are two horny borny op opposable P isable jaws working sideways and certain accessory appendages with which Nhi cli particles of the leaf bud fluet or other food substances substance Ft are cut out and passed on as move more or less solid particles to the food canal for digestion this type Is found in several orders of insects as in caterpillars or the larvae of moths and butterflies adult beetles ayd aid their grubs grasshoppers crickets saw flies bees etc all biting insects are subject to destruction st with arseni cals or other stoin stomach pol poisons sons some chewing insects as borers aud and certain root infesting insects do not feed in situations where poisons may be applied and nd for these a different treatment to Is necessary |