| Show HOW SUBMARINE DOES ITS B WORK OF destruction torpedoing of ship described from view point of attacker and attacked freighters ARE EASY PREY PRE y ingenious instruments instrument make the pointing of the torpedo very simple missiles usually launched from distance of two miles new york early in the great war the world was astounded by the london official al that three british scout cruisers Abou aboukir kir hogue and cressy had bad been sunk by torpedoes later a wave of wonder spread over the civilized world when berlin announced that all three makings sin kings were the work ot of one submarine the U t 6 9 from that period of the war right up to ilia the pres present ent time the operations of undersea figh fighters teri have held the interest oi of every folloni follower er of tiie the gigantic events where will they lead ilow how does germany keep it up why england get after the germans these are questions asked continually oth outliers Ot liers ers which show the keen interest la in submarines are for information regarding garding them what actually happens when a submarine fires a torpedo what Is the usual distance between the boat and its intended victim Is she on the surface when waking making the attack A succession ot of events has hag made it possible for statements to be obtained of men and women on torpedoed steamships and at least one officer on a ger ae 1 I T dant nt lins JIM been beca able to tell ill hlaj 77 ie regarding garding such such attacks attack s every navy guards with great care its submarine secrets long before the present war the united states slates navy department issued orders forbidding anyone to board its little fighters unless they be in the navy or armed with navy permits the same situation obtained in foreign navies few books can be procured with the data that tat are of most interest A reporter tor for the new york world however has obtained from the highest authority the facts that follow launched two miles away in the first place no submarine can launch its torpedo with any hope of hitting bitting the target unless the latter is seen by the man at the periscope therefore it must be near the surface so ro that observations can be made torpedoes have a range of yards about four land miles As a general rule the german U boats used in attacking merchant vessels launch their torpedoes from a distance of two miles at that distance it Is very difficult for anyone on the doomed vessel to ob serve their periscope torpedoes rush rush through the water at a rate of 0 from 28 to 40 knots an hour the average speed figured in land miles la Is about 30 36 miles an hour As the torpedo speeds through the water it makes a wake like a huge fish in addition Is the telltale wake of bubbles caused by the exhaust from the compressed air chambers that give it momentum once the submarine Is clear of tier her harbor and on the high sen sea where she ehe Is destined to operate her commander must keep tl a keen watch for enemy craft lie he remains on the surface as much as be can his conning tower and small deck being just above water and his periscope sticking up 15 or 20 feet further furt lier tills this Is the normal crul cruising sing position when submerged the gasoline engines engine must be stopped and the submarine run by its electric batteries no submarine can cruise under water tor for more than about eight hours at a time without coining up for more air if it be desired to rest on oil the bottom it may remain under a little longer without tile men on oil board flior irp ire no built that can descend to a depth greater than feet consequently there Is 18 very little resting on the bottom once they start on a cruise tar far out to sea A submarine that wishes to dod dodge ge vessels afloat may sink and remain beneath the water until it figures that all danger Is past her commander will know when he be has descended about eighty feet and he will remain there he has delicate instruments aboard sounding bells some call them that convey to him the throb of a propeller he can then cruise by compass to some other portion of the sea and there take his chances of being discovered when coming up when rising to the surface for air and observation those on submarines in war time take chances they have no way of learning the presence of some som e drifting trawler armed with a light gun that can destroy them nor can they know a torpedo boat destroyer is waiting ready with her sharp prow fa ram thao aviation hns has proved of great assistance in the the hunt for submerged submarines observers in hydroplanes hydro planes can spot the submarine even when submerged and warn torpedo boats of its presence when the submarine has poked her periscope above water and those on board have noted the sea Is clear she can rise she remains at the cruising 9 depth while searching for her prey or watching tor for the appearance of fighting ships from which she will flee site she Is defenseless and must be careful lest last she be destroyed while trying to launch her torpedo therefore she Is used principally as a commerce raider if at the cruising depth th the elook lookout ut sights the smoke of some vessel the course ls 19 changed and when at tile the proper distance the sub submarine in arine Is sunk befi beneath cath the surface only the periscope sticking up noiselessly we slip closer and closer in our exciting chase the commander of one of the U boats has related the main thing was that our periscope should not be observed so that the steamer would not change her course at the last moment and escape us very cautiously I 1 stick just the tip of the periscope above the surface tit at intervals of a few minutes take the position of the steamer in a se second copil and andrike like a flash pull it down again tills this second nasf was sufficient for me to see what I 1 wanted to see the steamer was to starboard arid and was heading at a good speed across our bows to judge from the foaming waves which were thrown ot oft from the bows I 1 calculated that her speed must be about sixteen knots estimating speed the hunter knows how important it Is to have a knowledge of the speed at which his prey Is moving ile he can calculate the speed closer when it Is a wounded hare than when it Is one which in flight at high aneed rushes past it was only necessary for me therefore to calculate the speed of the ship for which a sailor has an experienced eye I 1 then plotted the exact angle we needed I 1 irlea measured tills this by a scale which had been placed above the sights of the periscope now I 1 only had to let the steamer come along until it had bad reached the zero point on the periscope and fire the torpedo which then must strike its mark you see it Is very sli I 1 estimate the speed of the boat aim with the periscope and fire tit at the right moment submarine commanders must calculate well the speed of the ves vessel vesel el at which they intend firing and figure 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