Show WOUNDS OF HORSES first aid insures minimum loss of service of animal LIABLE TO MANY INJURIES air kept from wound causes pain to pass rapidly stop flow of blood by several methods use antiseptic fluids prepared by the united states department of 0 agriculture to be e able to render first aid to a wounded horse and to follow up with proper t treatment not only insures a minimum loss of service of the animal yit frequently saves its life giorsos irs are ila liable ble ordinarily to such wounds as cuts lacerations contu contil dons bruises punctures and poisoned wounds they also may be burned or scalded incur troublesome harness or saddle galls or be afflicted ft nith ath ulcers abscesses or fi an incised wound Is a simple cut duade with a sharp body like a knife producing merely a division of the tissues the duller tile body the more force Is required the more tissue tie dost destroyed st the greater the time required tor for healing in a cut wound the edges are even and definite while those of a lacerated wound ore are irregular and torn three conditions are present as a result of on an incised wound 1 pain 2 hemorrhage 3 gaping of the wound the first pain is due to the crushing and tearing of tile the nerve fibers the secondary pain is usually due to the action of the air and inflammatory flam matory processes when air Is kept from the wound sound pain ceases soon after the lesion Is produced bleeding may be from tile the arteries veins or capillaries capil laries in the latter form of bleeding the blood oozes from the part in drops hemorrhage from the veins Is dark red and issues in a steady stream without spurting in arterial bleeding the blood Is aright red and spurts mith w ath each heart beat this tatter variety of hemorrhage Is the most dangerous and should be stopped at once before attempting any further treatment bleeding from small veins and capillaries capil laries ceases in a short airie spontaneously while larger vessels especially arteries require some form at if treatment to cause complete stoppage of the hemorrhage stopping hemorrhage checking the flow of blood may be accomplished by several methods such as compress bandages torsion hot iron and ligatures the application of an iron at red heat will cause the immediate plotting clotting of the blood in the vessels and this clot Is further supported by the production of a scab or crust over the portion seared it if the iron Is at a white heat beat the tissue is charred which makes it brittle and the bleeding Is liable to be renewed if at a black heat the tissue will stick to the iron and nd will pull full away from the surface of the wound cold water and ice bags quickly stop capillary bleeding while hot water Is preferable tn in more excessive hemorrhages it A solution of the chloride of iron priced placed on a wound alone or by means 1 aj of cotton drenched in the liquid produces a rapid and hard clot tannic acid alum acetic acid alcohol and oil of turpentine are all more or less T active in this respect to check cheek bleed flug ing from large vessels compression I 1 may be adopted when it is rapid and dang dangerous rolis and from an artery the fingers may be used for pressing between J the wound and the heart digital compression but if from a vein the pressure should be exerted on the other side of the wound tourniquet may also bo be used by passing a strap I 1 around the part and tightening after placing a pad dad over the hemorrhage athe he rubber ligature has now replaced the tourniquet and Is bound tightly around the limb to arrest the bleeding tampons Tam pons such as cotton tow or may be packed tightly in the wound and th then en sewed up after remaining there for 24 or 48 hours they fire h re removed il bleeding e ha may sometimes be easily t checked by p passing aing a ing a pin under the I 1 1 11 vessel and by taking a horsehair and 8 forming a figure 8 by running it above inland if and below the pin thus causing pressure vure on the vessel torsion Is the V twisting of th the e mood blood vessel until the alp valls come together and form fora a bar de der to the flow of blood it may be ty by the fingers forceps ar by running a pin through the ves gael ael k turning it several times and kitten running the point into the tissue 14 4 keep it in a fixed position portion a Is another method for a hemorrhage the blood vessel should hould be seized with the artery tor for Ps a clean thread of silk passed ground und it and tied about one halt half inch lot rom om Us its end the silk should be ster llred zed by placing it in an antiseptic ution so as not to impede the heal B g process or cause blood poisoning fa r lockjaw which often follows the of a vein with V j interial inter ater lal sometimes it be imi do bible to reach the bleed bleeding ng vessel if is necessary to pass the ligature und a mass of tissue which in udes odes the blood vessel is IE ie most useful method of arresting P alt orr hage since it disturbs healing iff alst t and gives elves the greatest erea test security rf fv alast in a t secondary hemorrhage after ter the bleeding has been con he oiled and all foreign bodies removed pm the wound tile the gaping of the th tf teo ad is 16 noticeable notable it Is caused by bs 9 ie contraction of the muscles and 0 li istl tul fibers and its degree decree depends fa on the extent direction and nature ol oj the cut cul this gaping will hinder the th healing process so that it must be b overcome by bringing the edges together by some sort of sutures ot 01 pins or by a bandage applied from below upward As suture material ordinary cotton thread Is good it if well sterilized as is also horsehair catgut silk and various kinds of wire if the suture Is made too tight the subsequent swelling may cause the th stitch to tear out in order to make a firm suture the depth of the stitch should be the same as the distance the stitch is from the edge of the wound the deeper the lie suture the more tissue Is embraced and the fewer the number of stitches required process of healing in those cases where perfect stop page of bleeding perfect joining ot of the edges of the wound and perfect cleanliness are obtained healing occurs rapidly without the formation of granulations pus or proud flesh fesh by what Is termed first intention it if wounds do not heal in this manner they will gap somewhat lad and become warm find and painful II ealing then occurs by granulation or with suppuration which Is termed healing by second intention the sides of the wound become covered with granulation tissue which may fill the wound and sometimes overlap the lips forming a fung fungoid old growth called proud flesh under favorable conditions the edges of the wound appear to grow to gether by the end of the first week and the whole surface gradually becomes dry and finally covered with pigmented pigment cd skin when the woun wound is healed lie aled all antiseptics are not equally destructive tive and some germs are more susceptible to one antiseptic than to another the most important are 1 of mercury which abich Is to be preferred on horses it becomes weakened in its action it if placed la in a wooden pall pail or on an oily or greasy surface it Is used in the strength of I 1 part of to 1000 to parts of water according to the delicacy of the tissue to which it Is applied ali 2 bar carbolic bolle acid la in from 2 to 5 per cent solution Is used on infected wounds and for cleaning instruments st dressings and sponges it unites well with oil and ls Is preferred to the on a grea greasy sy surface A 5 per cent solution in oil is often used under the name of carbonized oil 3 aluminum acetate Is an efficient and cheap antiseptic and is composed of I 1 part alum and 5 parts acetate of lead raised mixed in 20 parts of water vater 4 boric acid Is good in a 2 to 4 per cent solution to cleanse wounds and wash eyes compound cresol may be used in a I 1 to 3 per cent solution in water lodo forra acts as an anodyne stimulates granulation and checks wound secretion A very efficacious and inexpensive powder Is made by taking 5 parts of lodo forna forin and 93 95 parts of sugar making what la 19 called lodo form sugar tannic acid la Is a useful drug in the treatment of wounds as it arrests hemorrhage checks secretion and favors the formation of a scab A mixture of I 1 part tannic acad and 3 parts lodo fodo form Is good in suppurating wounds lodol v lute sugar ground and roasted ed coffee and powdered po charcoal are all used as protect ives and absorbents on surfaces more depends on the c care are and the method ol of application of the drug than on the drug itself on aseptic wounds use only tho those se antiseptics that do not irritate the Us sue it if care is used in the application of the antiseptic corrosive sublimate or carbolic acid is to be recommended in order to kee pair from the wound and to absorb all wound secretions rapidly 4 a dressing should be applied it the wound is aseptic the dressing should be likewise such as sterilized cotton gauze oakum or tow this dressing should be applied with uniform pressure at all times and secured by a bandage allow it to remain for a week or ten days if the wound is aseptic or if the dressing does not become loose or misplaced or become drenched with secretions from the wound or it if pain fever or loss of appetite does not develop the dressing should then be removed the wound treated antiseptically and a sterilized dressing applied healing under a scab this often occurs occurs in small super superficial fl wounds that have been kept aseptic la in order that a scab may form the wound must not gap secrete freely or become infected with germs the formation of seal Is favored by astringents astrin gents or styptics such as tannic add acid lodo form and 5 per cent solution ot of zinc chloride in case of fistulous vil withers open joints or other large hollow wounds that cannot be dressed antisepsis may be obtained by warm water irrigation with or without an antiseptic fluid it should continue day and night and never be interrupted tor for more than eight hours for germs will then have gained headway anil and will be difficult to remove four or five days of irrigation will be sufficient fici ent for granulations will then havo bavo formed and pus will remain on the outside it if it forms the following rules for the treatment of wounds should be followed 1 set see that the wound Is clean removing all fc foreign bodies for tills this purpose use a clean finger rather than a probe 2 all hemon hago should be arrested before closing tho the wound 3 antiseptics should 0 only ly be used when it Is suspected that the wound Is infected 4 when pus j IT present treat without closing the wound this may be accomplished by drainage tubes absorbent d dressings ress or continuous irrigate IrrIg irrigations on is 5 protect the wound agal against nit while healing |