| Show TOPICS FOR FARMERS i A department PRE PREPARED PAnED FOR FOH OUR RURAL FRIENDS advice us cis to t the aarn of orchards HOW 11 ow to 10 preserve moisture it in the lc foil coil tile the cow I 1 la ft stoney malcar notes of fruit growing it ins is in ili oil aliis country been 11 loo generally catle i side tie as issi a by y farmers farmer who lie given give most of f their time thought binl and fertilizer to to other crops thae ali ic have hn e not lot half tile possibilities thit fault growing has occasionally ilir 1111 conditions i for large crops of fruit an rt all right and everybody has a large crop lisua usually ily making the orchord hird far nime than all the farni farm besides it is at such times as these that fart farmers partners ners see 1 whit hat fruit growing may be mide to yield what Is needed detailed for this result Is that more farmers go into fruit growing its as an exclusive busl business nels or only combined with such i other branches or of fa fanning ns its can lie e subordinated to it when this 1 is 13 3 done mid ellid tile 01 chard bichard Is managed g ged after business busine 43 methods it will be made to pay and not beaole it ought not to lo be 10 thought any ally more risky to spend a hundred A or tl thousand ld dollars to supply the orchard with needed deeded fertilizers than it is to 1 ubo abe the same amount of money to buy feed for cows horses and other stock it 1 Is the h aalt of thin thinking kill that the orchard produces wholly by the aid of nature that makes farmers rezard regard its treatment in ent differently from other crops they buy fertilizers for grain and also for hotd hoed crops and find that this p pays a ys them if they hey will find that it pays still better to 10 buy fertilizers for the orchard who whose c crop Is much more v valuable lavint moisture in the soll soil there is an increasing tendency la fit all the older parts of the country to injury of crops by drought this is not because the camite is chan chanid changing ID nor I 1 Is there loss less rain and snow in in tile the year lear than used to bo be the trouble is that while cultivation mikes makes tile the wa soil looser it at the same time makes it compact much more closely when exposed to rain the presence of air in ilk the soil A which aich cultivation makes poss possible soon decomposes its Ne matter and then it speedily becomes more compact than before the best way to save moisture in the soil Is tu to thorkil thoroughly h under und ordrain Irain it tills this increases bile the porosity of the soil as the lie drained land freezes more deeply than that which is filled with water to its surface As it freezes the soil expands and tills this enables it to hold more moisture mols mois tuie if the eoll lias has been drained draine il subs which loosens the soil below the furrow also increased it its abilia ability y to I 1 retain elain moisture money in the lie cow thries money in the cow more money than in any two other things on the farm but there Is also alo money in hog liggs gs sheep ant and poultry and money too in first class early vegetables corn and millet more money in any of those these than in all your wheat oats hat flax and barley put together unless raised to feed stuck stock or to sell for seed airm ers sell s ell too much grain they arl arc in too great a autry to turn it into money the successful ful farmer raises a I 1 little of every everything thin he r makes one thing help along another lie ile has comfortable barns as little machinery as possible only a little help and that the best ile he does docs not spend much of its his time in town but lets ili his wire wife do tile trading lie ile keeps fences and buildings in good goa repair and makes war on weeds and he be does not work overwork his wife nor keep his children out of school ire he tries to make ills homo home more plech ant to ill liis family than town lip ife lays by something for a rainy day I 1 lie le buys good books and papers and an it organ for the children ire ho loves ills his calling and Is an honor to it it raisins raising currants Currun tB in answer to an inquiry as to the distance apart to plant currants on con a large scale and the probable profit we could say in planting the common red and white kinds 4 1 feet each way Is sufficient thus giving 2722 plants per acre if we estimate our crop at 2 pounds per plant which is not one half the amount they should produce when fully grown we ave will get pounds per acre or over two tons tolls and a half and at per ton it amounts to over asoo then we ave have the gathering shipping cultivation and other incidental expenses to deduct but even then it ca can n ile be seen that it will be a very profitable liable crop la in case of groat great abundance the prices mi might tit be somewhat reduced but by good cultivation tile the crop may be double tile estimate given above tile the currant possesses many good qualities tu to recommend it among which are its perfect hardiness ci onila 11 ell culture great s and almost the certainty of of a full cro crop P every year Fa farmers voice concerning Concern inz lers arzt ego like milk form a nother complete food and like tile hie mill milk and cheese being it a food that can call lie be oaten raw require little cooking oo king they iiley form a i very nutritious and concentrated article of diet and it is well to coul combine bine then them will milk inick or other liquid and st starchy archy foods such as brend bread potatoes rlee rice etc the mo most qt important point to lie be observed in ct cooking eggs eggs Is til flint it tile the tempera temperature I 1 tire does docs not lot exceed 10 ia or degrees which is considerably below the boiling 1 point jeffrees def ile frees grees when cooked nt at a I 1 tell Pe lature of lff or degrees the ill ess Is tender lender and delicate when balled to degrees decrees it beco becomes liles tough hard bard mil 1111 indigestible digestible lu there arl I 1 two ave ways by which an egg IB 18 prop eily ell cooked in ill tho the shell put iut enough boiling witter water in a saucepan to more alan cover co cr the eggs c gs to be cooked co olied let them stand on the hearth or any plim where the rater filter n c ill III not pool cool too kulok ly ay find in III tell UK the eg CK will lit 1 cooked soft or put pill ill tina eggs into roll cold water nud bring brin thom slimly salol to a bull lu ili aider to took nik flie die egg lini haid to lo tile lie contor center they need lii ril only tu to lie exposed to a continued hent in ili liot alor for aril ili an hour lit in order to properly cook eggs milk moat and other food tho lie knowl of the proper temperature pera ture ii ia necessary ry binl we would apply tills principle in ili the cooking ot of iny any cu tard or buildings inhere eggs 4 art farr sell 11 in an all egg and collic dish dah starch is nard the starch should lie bo cooked ih first st water cress arcs witter V uter caresses cresses can call lie be m aile to pay if 1 any vegetable can call if noll ju have the right facilities i p e a alece of ground round that can lie covered covet ed from I 1 tu to 6 inches deep with nith cool gently flowing water you von will avill hivo have no difficulty in producing largo large artion amounts tibi of this popular green stuff the most work connected with it indeed is to cut and bild tie it in bunches A springy meadow a clay subsoil N i a good location li for fir tile iho crop to start a bed all that Is required Is to stick some slips or clittis cuttings Clit tiD S into the mud or sand that hat t Is kept lightly covered water or to sow some scale seed into the moist soil ou on the edges of running streams the plant Is so easily grown that it Is it ft wonder it Is not found more frequently on farmers far mcra pre premises nikes it Is worthy of more attention in some cases a piece of ground that has h as some slope might be terraced and arranged tor for growing water cresses caresses in beds one above another ad the water flowing from one to the other teachers Tei chers of agriculture who know what they are talking about says the examiner are not advising farmers to plow so ho very deep as they were fifty yours years ngo then farmers were informed that every farmer had bad two farms farm lying one above the other and that they ai were ere cultivating one only and that riot not always the most fertile but long observation aaion and experience have taught that hat most of the aval available lable plant food of 0 tile the soil lies within eight inches of the tha surface and that there all the most favorable conditions of growth al heat und ind moisture are present and that there the roots of plants should be encouraged courage cou raged ed to feed solis soils vary much in depth front from four to eight or ten inches and there is but little use lit in plowing much deeper than the soil and it Is tile upper eight inches that must be mainly relied upon to supply plants with their proper food trim the pencil peach trees in the spring and somewhat early the peach trees should be trimmed and all lead dead wood removed the peach tree is one that can endure severe cutting back indeed it seems to thrive best when kept clear of all superfluous wood and soon sends out new branches for the next year the roots of peach trees trac s are sometimes attacked by insects before an inexperienced grower Is aware of it and examination should bt be made early using strong soapsuds as a remedy several times time within a brief period try Dairy iril if a firm is run down in condition there Is no better plan than to turn onos attention to dairying becaj because ise in butter less of soil Is removed there should lie a choice to feed with reference to the manure product find and all the liquid manures should be caught and preserved as invaluable let there be some oine good boil absorbent absorber lt to fix the ammonia ln in the he liquids none better than land plaster pl istar larm notes try a small patch of kale this cpr spring ing for early greens it is one of the least difficult of garden crops to grow and the lie seed may be broadcast after which no further labor is required except exec pt when removing the plants for use when farmers send poor butter to market they not only assist to lower prices but enable the ole oleomargarine margarine manufacturers to find market butter Is an article that has no middle ground la in quality it Is either good coil or bad there may bo be second and third grades but outside of the iho first grade it is not wanted and sells below cost every piece of ground that lias has been plowed luring during the winter will have some or of the insects destroyed destroy eil which wore were brought to the surface cold does not usually ii bally kill insects but when they hey are exposed to dampness it at the surface and alternate warming and freezing of tile the soil they are soon destroyed and especially is tills this the case cae with cut worms arom ten to twelve pounds of clover seed has been consi considered derell a large application on an acre or of land and the high price of seed has not encouraged farmers to exceed that quantity but more failures occur from not using more seed every year than the average as a large portion may be inferior destroyed by birds birdo or lost from exposure and other causes A sheep worth 5 should pay a yearly profit of 5 thus there should be a profit of per cent on the farm suitable for its keeping where mixed farming is practiced and hay grain roots and straw are produced product IT and a permanent pasture maintained ono one hundred shoop sheep could be well kept on one hundred acres ant and even more than that fed well during tile the winter season lat year binni i were grown rown in localities cali cal itic ties where they never before succeeded title to excellent work dono done with the sprayer in warding oft off the cur curcillo cullo or in ili mitigating its ravages there is no proof variety of plum though some kinds escape attack more than others the only sure cure method of preventing destruction by the curcillo cur cullo Is to make warfare against it |
