Show nada jl in F f I 1 4 two canadian old timers timera with a seasons catch of beaver and W white hits fox prepared by bs national Ceo graphic society washington D C service new regions b being opened WITH W by new roads railroads and airplane routes canada reports an increase of nearly one fifth in population during the past decade according to a recently completed census there are inhabitants in the dominion the story of the tha discovery exploration settlement and development of canada from the days of jacques cartier 1534 samuel de champlain Champl aln and henry hudson 1610 down to the advent of the railroad in the middle of the last century Is one of travel by sea river and lake the waterways of canada provide easy access to the heart of the continent nearly half the area of the dominion excluding for the moment tile the district of franklin comprising the arctic islands Is drained by majestic rivers on the atlantic coast the st lawrence on hudson bay the nelson and on the arctic the mackenzie no great natural obstacles divide these river basins and passage from one to another Is easily made by short portages por travel by boat or canoe throughout the northern and eastern parts of canada though slow has always been easy until the railways were built settlement and commerce were largely confined to the seacoast and the territories ri adjacent to the great rivers and lakes of the interior airplane being used during the past decade a widely extended use of the airplane has been developed in the remoter remoler parts of the dominion where modern facilities for travel are nonexistent and the alternatives are the canoe in summer and the dog team in winter its use by foresters for fire patrol and timber cruising Is now well established while the modern surveyor with his aerial camera flying to feet above the ground pro duces a complete aboto photographic graphic rap record of the country for on side of his line of light flight from which can be plotted with simple traverses on the ground for control all the natural features of the region regular air routes between large canadian cities are in the making that phase of development must necessarily essa rily be slower than in europe or the united states where the population Is denser the traffic heavier and climatic conditions less severe to see canada from the air today one Is dependent on the courtesy and hospitality pit pita lity allty of the services maintained by the dominion and provincial governments and by commercial firms the greatest percentage of increase in population shown by the census was in the province of british columbia where there are nearly oce thard more inhabitants than there were ten years ago quebec and saskatchewan provinces increased by more than one fifth ottawa montreal toronto winnipeg vancouver and hamilton are cities of more than population ottawa is the capital of the dominion queen victoria was well advised when she named as it was then called the seat of government after confederation in 1807 few capitals have a finer natural location the houses of parliament a and nd surrounding government offices are built on it a high bluff on the south bank of the ottawa river just below the falls rivers and canal at ottawa to the the north forested spurs of the laurentian Laurent lan mountains extend almost to the river bank while on the on tario side of the river the city Is surrounded by a fine farming country since the days of champlain Champl aln the ottawa river has been the main highway from the sea to the west permanent settlement in the district however only began in the tha first decade of the nineteenth century after the war of 1812 the british government looking for a strategic route from the sea to the great lakes which would avoid the international water waterway wai of the st lawrence decided on the construction of the rideau canal which would give an alternative waterway from montreal to kingston on lake ontario the canal was built by the royal engineers in the third decade of the last cen century tury and Is still in use a monument to their skill and workmanship with the opening of the canal the little settlement grow grew in importance and was called after colonel by commanding tile the royal koyal engineers it soon became the headquarters of the thriving ottawa valley lumber industry beautiful driveways and natural parks line the banks of ottaway Ot tawas rivers and canal and though it Is essentially a city of homes many industries congregate there attracted by the cheap water power developed by chau adlere falls the original parliament buildings were burned ini in 1916 A magnificent gothic structure has risen on the old site crowned by a central spire victory tower feet high built to commemorate canadas part in the world war montreal the largest of the canadian cities was desolate st Lawre lawrence neb river bank three hundred years ago it was first visited by jacques cartler cartier the first settlement on the site rose li in 1642 few cities have greater natural advantages at the head of ocean navigation yet almost 1000 miles from the atlantic it Is a natural gateway for the commerce of the continent her merchants have not been slow to take advantage of the situation unlimited water power drives her industries wheels next to montreal ranks toronto capital city of the province of ontario the most thickly populated province of the dominion nearly one third of the Domi dominions inhabitants live within Ont arios borders toronto Is a worthy capital of a great province a financial and industrial center and the seat of the largest university in canada for the next nest largest city one must jump half way across the dominion to winnipeg the distributing center of western canada and as it were the neck of the hottle bottle where the railway lines converge although slightly more than a century old its rapid growth has taken place during the past two generations now it Is a city of fine streets well timbered parks and beautiful driveways along the assiniboine sini boine and red rivers this Is a leafy city far removed from ones idea of a drab treeless prairie the noble parliament buildings of manitoba are worthy of the province growing with the great canadian west Winni pegs future Is assured some miles west Is calgary two big cities in the west vancouver with inhabitants and victoria tire are in the spotlight among the leading cities of the pacific coast victoria clinging to the southern end of vancouver island is the first city of the province of british columbia it was first settled in 1842 by the governor of the hudsons Hud sons buy company it la Is perhaps the most english town outside of england vancouver contrasts sharply with Vic victoria torla it Is the metropolis of tile the canadian pacific coast a thriving city still in the making each year increasing its importance just under the population mark Is quebec which no narrative of the dominion falls to mention no city of the world has a more romantic history than the old french capital nestling below the cliffs of the citadel and the plains of abraham where was finally decided in 1759 1769 the great struggle between france and england for supremacy in the western hemisphere I 1 |