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Show T THE RICH COUNTY REAPER, RANDOLPH. UTAH THE RICH COUNTY REAPER Sweet Clover Is Great as Manure Utah, under the Act of Mar. 3, 1879, SUBSCRIPTION $1.50 Per Year in Advance Wm. E. Marshall, Editor and' Prop. Entered as second-clas- s matter Feb. 8, 1929, at the post office Randolph, OKe KITCHEN CABINET Dockage Decreased by Cleaning Grain TURKEYS RAISED IN CONFINEMENT One Big Help Is in Better . Crop Rotation. How can weeds and dockage be decreased? One approach Is through better methods of plowing and seed bed preparation, and especially disking of ' stubble to prevent loss of moisture and the weeds going to seed. This means - -- ' more power and better planning of work, but more power is now easily available. Another help is in better crop rotation, the use of row crops to allow of thorough cultivation, and of more extensive growing of alfalfa and sweet clover to enrich the soil and to smother out weeds. , These changes will call for careful planning in the farm organization and management, and must be of rather slow development. One very effective remedy Immediately at hand is in the cleaning of grain at the threshing machine or before hauling to market, arfd the sowing only of carefully cleaned and graded grain. Surely no one can expect to sow foul seed and not have weeds and dockage, and yet that is what thousands of farmers are doing right along. Effective cleaning devices are. now available at reasonable prices which will remove practically every trace of weed seed and defective kernels and leave only the clean marketable grain, with no loss in hauling, market price or freight. And the dockage removed, when ground fine, makes excellent stock food and with no danger of further fouling of the land. Systematic Poisoning of Mice in Orchards Systematic poisoning of mice in sodded orchards should never be neglected, according to experienced orchard-ists- . Ioison grain should be carefully placed in such position that it cannot be reached by birds, either wild or domestic. The poisons contain strychnine, which is dangerous to animals and humans, and should be carefully stored uway from live stock and Irresponsible persons. In arranging poison stations for the orchard, the bait should be placed in containers such as a jar or tile, set close to the base of a tree. It should be put on higher ground so as to avoid standing water. In orchards where mice are abundant it Is best to place bait under each tree. ready-mixe- d wide-mouthe- Planting Fruit Tree - Treat Seed Oats A dnst treatment for seed oats said to be considerably superior to the standard formaldehyde method of oats disease control .has been developed by Dr. Benjamin Koehler of the University of Illinois. The dust is an compound and in experiments has checked smut and other diseases which affect oats. Seed oats can be treated with this new method at a cost of about 10 cents per bushel for materials and is meeting with popular favor. Good clover or alfalfa hay is most excellent sheep roughage. Feed cost is about 60 per cent of the total expense of producing eggs. , It is best always to feed whole milk to acalf till it is at least two weeks old. Use the formaldehyde seed treatment for oats, but do it where plenty of .air is circulating. The first thing to do in cleaning a chicken house is to sweep out all of the dust and dirt accumulations. Grain and hay should be given to the calf as. soon as it can be taught eat The sooner the better. Small, cracked and dirty eggs have little market value but are valuable for human food If consumed on the farm. Needed Disproved. The poultry department of the Pennsylvania State college recently published some interesting work on feed consumption and cost of raising turkeys In complete confinement Apparently the idea that turkeys require large fields for range has been disproved. E. M. Funk, who conducted this work at the Pennsylvania State college but who is now with the poultry department of the Missouri College of Agriculture, summarizes the experiment with turkeys as follows : L The average weight of the Bronze toms at 24 weeks was 19 pounds and the White Holland toms averaged 16.4 pounds at the same age. 2. The rate of growth obtained was greater than that heretofore reported. 3. The mash and grain consumption per bird for the first 24 weeks was 58.05 pounds and 56.12 pounds for the Bronze and White Holland varieties, respectively. 4. The feed cost of producing a pound of gain was 14.7 cents for the Bronze and 15.3 cents for the White Holland. 5. As the birds approached maturity, the feed required to produce a pound of gain Increased from 2.56 to 7.71 pounds. 6. The protein intake remained at a high level until the eighteenth week, varying around 20 per cent. From the eighteenth to the twenty-fourt- h week the level decreased from 20.2 per cent to 14.8 per cent. 7. More than 93 per cent of all turkeys started were raised to market age. 8. .The loss from blood and feather dressing for the males was 9.5 per cent; 'for the females, 10.4 per cent. The full drawn birds showed a total shrinkage of 24.2 and 24.7 per cent for the males and females, respectively. These differences are due to size, not to sex. 9. Excellent market birds were produced in complete confinement. d To prepare a fruit tree for planting. all injured and broken roots are pruned off. Also long, slender roots should be pruned back to conform with the others. Great care should be taken that the roots do not become dry. They mny be protended in the field by keeping moist packing over them or. better still.- by keeping the roots Immersed In water. Tills may be done by drawing a barrel along with you either in a wagon or on runners. to Idea That Large Fields Are Cod Liver Oil Help to Breeders and Chickens Crop of Big Value in Rotation to Be Tests Show Plowed Under. Newspaper Union.) (. 1930 Westernhumble bee. Burly, dozing Where thou art is clime for me. Let them eail for Porto Rique, Far oft heats through seas to seek; I will follow thee alone. Thou animated torrid zone Zigzag steerer, desert cheerer. Let me chase thy waving lines; Keep me nearer, me my hearer. Singing over shrubs and vines. Emerson. LABOR-SAVIN- G IDEAS When making pastry prepare more than is needed and place in a cold place or ice chest,' tightly covered with waxed paper. The thoroughly chilled mixture makes more flaky crust than that baked at once. From this pastry a few tarts may be made in a hurry, or cheese straws, a meat pie, using leftover meat Ice box rolls are another special than can be mixed and left in the ice chest for a week. Take off just the amount needed for rolls and put them to rise; when light, bake. A tin of delicious rolls are quickly served. An hour or two before baking makethern into Small rolls and keep very warm, tightly covered. It is better to grease them well with lard that keeps the flour from drying out on top while rising. They should be more than double their bulk when put into the handling larger and larger quantities nf the seed, carefully tested for germination quality and cleaned and recleaned to free it from weed seed and other foreign substances. Time to Plow Under. The outstanding practical lesson of the experiments is that for economic soil improvement it is best to plow under the growth of sweet clover from April 15 to May 10. so that the full oven. growing season may be utilized b.v the When Sweet clover left to baking potatoes prepare crop of corn. enough so that the next day a few stand over for the full second year will be available for cream potatoes. produced more organic matter, it was They are fully as good as those fresh- found, but not much more nitrogen than whe.. plowed under May 10. ly cooked. By keeping jars of chow chow, caThe experiment demonstrated that pers, olives, pickles as well as cheese, an acre of sweet clover on May 10 celery, anchovies and numerous other contained sufficient nitrogen for the condiments and relishes, one has ac- entire nitrogen requirement of 80 cess to delightful fillings for sandbushels of corn and the stalks to prowiches which need to be made in a duce it and that the sweet clover was hurry. A jar of mayonnaise and a of extreme value as a rotation crop to bottle of french dressing should be be plowed under in the spring. made in such quantities that they are always available. It takes very little extra effort to double the amount Each Year People Are when preparing a salad dressing, and Buying Chicks Earlier then there is always a supply. every hatchery man In Practically Wash the heads of lettuce and place West that has been in the Middle in a cloth or covered dish In the ice for several business years reports that chest, then the lettuce will always be are each buying chicks people year ready for use. Parsley well washed, earlier. An occasional when the year leaving the moisture clinging to the below are winter and late early spring leaves, if put in a fruit jar tightly snow is and in normal temperatures covered, will keep two weeks, fresh and green. Add a bit of water if it heavier than usual this trend towards onrlier buying is Interrupted, but in seems to dry out t general the trend Is there. This is as it should be if we are going to make poultry profitable with LC the prices that appear to be facing ns during the next few years. Pullets must be kept laying throughout the Might Be Excused for Using Strong Language winter. Under Iowa conditions, with the American breeds being largely A few nights ago a spectacular fire left a warehouse a smoking ruin. used, winter eggs from Five alarms were sounded. Eleven birds mean early chicks. February and reporters two working and nine out even late January will be increasingly to enjoy the fire rushed to the scene. important in the hatchery business, and April and May deereasingly so A columnist who had no business within a very few years. run to loves there but after and his feet wet caught got Experiments at the Kansas and Wisconsin experiment stations have demonstrated that cod liver oil is a valuable1 feed for both hens and young chicks that do not have an abundance of sunshine. This product contains a vitamin that helps to take the place of sunshine, in that it helps the birds or chicks to make proper use of the minerals in their rations. With hens that are used for breeders this helps to develop a better shell on the egg. This seems to cause the eggs to hatch better, as a better lime content is furnished the chicks and less evaporation takes place. In ad- cold. dition it makes hens healthier, thereThe conflagration was the destrucby improving the vitality and vigor tive sequel to a minor blaze that had of the flock. scorched the establishment a few In the northern part of the United hours earlier. The first fire was disStates it is necessary to hatch some covered by the owner of the building, chickens before it is possible for them who sent in the alarm, watched the to run outside where they get the apparently extinguish the benefit of direct sunshine. The addi- flames, and then went home. tion of from 1 to 2 per cent of cod Before retiring he telephoned a liver oil to the mash will prevent rick- contractor to call around the next ets and help to keep the chicks in the morning to see about repairing a few best of health. windows, painting the doors, and otherwise touching up the place here and there. While . Raising Turkeys At seven oclock the next Confined Is Practical the contractor called upon themorning owner The Minnesota plan of raising tur- at his home and together they went Arrived where the builddowntown. keys in confinement consists in matching and rearing artificially and rang- ing should have been, the contractor ing them on clean soil. One plan is looked at the smoking pile of debris to build a roosting shelter in the mid- and then at the owner. Just what dle of the range, containing four trap was it you wanted me to do? he doors, one leading into each fenced asked, puzzled. ioL The entire fenced area contains Because of the owners fine Sunday-schoabout an acre of land over which no record, we dont like to tell poultry have ranged for several years. what he replied. Pittsburgh Post Gaacre lot has provzette. Each en large enough for 200 or 300 young Panacea turkeys when they are turned out of a different trap door into a different Another word that is almost Inlot at least once each month. The variably misused is panacea." It is plan calls for. careful feeding and employed as If it were a synonym for But it means keeping the turkeys away from chickremedy or cure. ens at all times. much more than that A panacea is a universal remedy or cure; that is, To a cure for everything, a cure-alSome Heat Needed of a panacea for a particular speak The Ohio experiment station .is ad- ailment is absurd. What the farmer vising the use of brooder stoves in needs for his economic illness is a those laying houses which are subject Perhaps it is an indication to extreme changes in temperature. remedy. of the seriousness with which observPoultry raisers realize the disastrous ers view his condition ' that they are consequences of a 40 to 50 degree apt to speak of suggested remedies drop in temperature, and can modify not as remedies but as panaceas. To this change without cutting off the air such an extent is the meaning of the necessary to carry off moisture. Shutword misapprehended that one even ting up the chicken house to the point sees the expression universal panawhere moisture accumulates, weakens cea, which Is like saying limitless the resistance of the whole flock to Infinity as if there could be any disease. other kind. New York Evening Post. rs ol one-quart- er l. i Rather astonishing results as to the value of sweet clover as a nitrogenfurnishing manure are announced by the Ohio agricultural experiment station. After three years test it was found that not less than 190 pounds of nitrogen were contained in an acre of sweet clover on May 10 in any of the test years. An application Of 30(1 pounds of any high analysis fertilizer, would add less than such as nine pounds of nitrogen to 'lie soiL Plow Under Clover. These figures were developed In tests to determine the best time of the year to plow under sweet clover. It was discovered that the plants had the greatest nitrogen content about the middle of May, May 10 being the peak accumulation in the experiments. The white sweet clover was used in Since the the experiment stations. value of sweet clover as a manure hns been demonstrated seed houses are SUGGEST RATIONS TO LOWER COSTS Use Wheat, Barley and Oats in Feeding Cows. - Dairymen can cut feed costs by substituting wheat, barley, and oats for ' corn and hominy feed in dairy rations, at present prices, and by feeding a grain mixture with a protein content that corresponds to the roughage fed, advises Prot. F. B. Morrison, head of the department of animal husbandry at the New. York. State College of Agriculture. He suggests formulas for use with various types of roughage for feeding dairy cows. In these formulas wheat or barley may be used, depending on the local prices. For dairy cows these grains have substantially the same value, ton for ton. Since wheat is a heavy, concentrated feed, it is best not to use more than 600 pounds of ground wheat per ton of dairy feed. bulky feed, like oats or wheat be Included in the mixshould bran, ture. Ground rye may be substituted for wheat or barley in these formulas. Since rye is usually not quite as palatable as these grains, it Is best not to use more than 300 to 500 pounds of rye per ton of feed. When little or no legume hay Is used, feed a 24 per cent total protein mixture, as; 300 pounds of ground wheat or barley ; 300 pounds of ground oats; 350 pounds of wheat bran; 350 pounds of gluten feed; 400 pounds of cottonseed meal ; 200 pounds of linseed meal, and 100 pounds of gluten . ' Also-som- meal. With mixed clover and timothy hay and corn silage use a 20 per cent total protein feed, as: 600 pounds of ground wheat or barley; 600 pounds of ground oats; 300 pounds of gluten feed; 200 of cottonseed meal ; 2(X pounds pounds of linseed meal ; and 1(X pounds of soy bean meal or gluten meal. With clover hay and corn silage only 18 per cent total protein is needed in the graiD mixture, made as follows: 700 pounds of barley or wheat; 700 pounds of oats; 200 pounds of gluten teed; 200 pounds of linseed meal, and 200 pounds of cottonseed meal. With alfalfa hay and corn silage the grain mixture can be reduced to 16 per cent total protein, containing: 800 pounds of ground barley or wheat and barley; 800 pounds of ground oats; 200 pounds of gluten feed ; 100 pounds of linseed meal; and cottonseed meal. 100 pounds of d Salt Poisoning Among Chickens Not Common Fish Oil as Corrective for All Dairy Cattle There Is a possibility that dairymen will soon be feeding fish oils as generally as do the poultrymen. The latter feed cod liver oil to avoid rickets in growing stock, to hold the health of the laying flock and to improve It is now being demonstrated chicken, like other farm animals, has that fish oil that is rich In vitamin D need of a certain amount of salt In its will result in healthier calves, will inration. The fact that there have been crease the useful life of the cow and reported a great many instances in is, in a measure at least, a safeguard years gone by of chickens being killed against breeding troubles. There is still an excess of cod liver oil over by eating feed that contained a considerable amount of salt, seems to what is used for human consumption have led to a very general belief and for poultry. Investigations tn the among poultrymen that chickens are United States prove the pilchard oil, very easily poisoned by common table 4,000,000 gallons of which are produced annually from California sarsalt Certain experiments have been car- dines, is as rich in vitamin D as cod ried out which indicate that under the liver oil. Tuna oil. less abundant Is right conditions chickens can tolerate equally rich. Salmon oil is half as a much larger amount of salt than rich. The use of these oils in dairy has generally been supposed. It has rations should receive more attention from the research men on our experibeen shown, for example, that chickens eight or nine weeks old could be mental farms and in onr colleges. restricted to a ration containinf as high as 8 per cent of common salt During First Two Weeks without serious results. hatch-abilit- y. It is a well known fact that the Feed Calves Whole Milk Best Hatching Results From Fowls on Range Eggs from birds In large pens in the house hatch best. Birds that have large yards or free range usually give better hatching results than those kept In small pens. Feeding is important. Only clean, wholesome feeds should be used. The ration should consist of about equal parts of grain fed in the litter and mash not too rich in animal protein. While a good flow of eggs during the hatching season is desifahle, it is better to have a smaller number of strongly fertile eggs than a larger number of less hatchable eggs. The mash should contain not over 20 per cent of dry milk and meat scrap together. If one has plenty of liquid skim milk or buttermilk, it is equivalent approximately to 10 per cent of dry milk or meat scraps. It is preferable to feed whole milk to calves during the first two weeks after birth, but in case this cannot well be done, whole milk feeding may be limited to one week. Small calves, sucb as Jerseys and Guernseys, should be given about seven and pounds of milk a day. Larger calves, sucb as Holsteins, Ayrshires, Shorthorns, etc., should be given ten pounds a day until they are at least two weeks old. If this cannot be done without too much trouble, two feedings a day will suffice, but a little smaller quantity of milk should be given. That is, a calf that will conf sume seven and pounds a day in three feeds should not be given more than about six and f pounds a day in two feeds. Overloading the caifs stomach should be carefully avoided. See to it that the milk IS always fed at an even temperature of about 95 degrees Fahrenheit one-ha- lf one-hal- one-hal- |