Show vw doge JI TA J 0 4 as AVA 1114 V A altaf I 1 NIP A IR V 41 V 6 W V G T aa g i it n aa lip t 1 1 11 0 zw jv 11 it m ZV 1 ate 4 q s Z 1 t a A 40 1 t qt ilk V 7 ia ea 4 eq il 1 clr C IA 74 4 p 6 t X 4 v W 1 ir aga vr 1 M V za awl N V iz ai VA t A sr 4 V 3 T 1 4 X E E would have haie been a bold man indeed who ho had foretold in the dear that tatt the future held greatness tor for russia and utter 1 luin for her aan adversary ebsary ersary fal n pola poland n d inde indeed ed it seemed doubtful whether r R russia u s sia could even maintain her I 1 independence ad epe nd ence the story of how a line of men resolute to shrink from no DO means even een the most shania 9 ful in the pursuit of their en end d built up after the havoc of tl it e mongol fur fury a new doi site around the obscure alt of moscow mosco W Is one of the lie most remarkable rem in history yet in all their A ork seemed undone ivan ian IV prematurely aged worn norn out brokenhearted having murdered his eldest son in a tit ill of maniacal furj furi pa passed ed aaa in circumstances of the utmost borror in 15 ibal 1 the next twenty ears the real ru ruler er of aklu ducov cov was inas I 1 fians an a great minister boris godunov one of the new nen men whom ills reforming zeal eal had called to the front God godunov linov was in inana man v wis ays an excellent ruler he be was nas perhaps the most enlightened of the pre PetrIne monarchs mon archa of russia but the great nobles its liked him and there Is little doubt that he be cleared his path to tl tie e throne b hi malting making away avay v with I 1 th dmitrl dmitri the halt half brother of tho the nominal czar feodor I 1 and ills his natural heir the great family of the Roma stood near the throne for reo feo dors lor s mother had been lt i romanoff maile reo lor dor lied godunov Godi inov dared not attack attach them but ahen i hen tho the weak monarch died in 1593 ind and the minister despite his more or less feigned relue tance was elected his successor buc cessor the whole fam div was vas banished suspicion was the bine bane of the otherwise bene rule of boris Fl nalls an adventurer named gregory gaio gaia out that he was as prince dmitrl dmitri who had escaped from the file assassins of doris boris and raised a formidable insurrection tided aided ba b sigismund III king of poland in tho the midst of the war doris died and the fatal period of troubles of russia began rue rho supposed dmitri soon overthrew the youthful deodor IT II son of boris lie he probed an admirable ruler but he was mas a roman catholic and aas wa murdered ba b the nobles one of the conspirators was elected czar under the title of vasill V but obtained no firm footing revolt e ever ervle where re broke out sprang up in ever direction raised armies of miscellaneous ruffians and polish adventurers and spread terror and devastation to the gates gales of moscow Alo lor I 1 or cars his anai cliv lasted the worst of the pretenders pretend era vas vaa the thief whose hose mir lair was at nar mar no noco moco co but e or where the wretched ret clied country was overrun a id wasted b gangs of cossacks I 1 e robbers robber the ae was tL fL irful in ne fie sears the fruits fruit of a century of effort ap I 1 leared eared to hane been hope lesil lost the wretch rd purchased bj bi the surfer d der e r of teril for too in fit the baltic provinces the aid of sweden sveden hut but the file result ws vas to bring about a polish inva lion ilon in sk was besieged next par ear the great polish general derea defeated ted and captured kl entered moscow fo cow and pro claimed calmed Wladis laii son eon of Sl Osmund ITT III char M I 1 dip diplomacy lomac lie he ot the kremlin land and gained some home measure of support for wladis law jav puella seemed ser med lot ask sk field out with bitter desperation for but vas at last tal en the alip thief vas murdered but lila his fol iotes held together and contested the ion of despe desperately ratel nith ahli the poles halt half lap rot clied cita alt vas nas des destroyed troed in the cour course coure e of HIP flip gIr but the famous monastery pry near 11 ear the capital resisted siege after siege dur ing the anarchy and r fused to submit here the ohp in to put an ind end to the pre ailing miser first took definite shape the arbot Dionie Dicio lus elus and the administrator abraham Palt took the lead d in october letters ft ere cre sent all mor russia calling upon the peo ato to lo unite in of religion oso rod led ba b kumi a master butcher it once responded with enthusiasm kazan hazan IC irilous of bogorod Nov ho gorod hild bick back but ill all don lh volga the towns joined the movement ind men and money came pouring into the patriot D peirce dmitri poz balki a brive brave noble who vao bad op wi d flip poles and had boon ben mounded almost ila jath in oe le fighting round moscow Jo scow vas elect 1 1 J brawl 01 t 0 aa 1 i y V V t ilg ail a S ff 2 f p la 11 N 4 e it g 0 gritl 1 N 0 L A ife ay ws w T t f ply A L aua au sl 1 V t fe 43 r is i S aass as t ss ia I 1 e UNA IN cia r t s sw tj liay aw a A t j s MIM I IV st fv R hii t I 1 I 1 ift 7 deal Sti tK s Y y ys f v ns r i r yr V 1 tv i ase s i L ayi ft y C D v M 5 ga J 2 AO S t 1 tass s jy ed to the command malnin was waa appointed treas aurer the issued an appeal to the people at large refusing to recognize either the polish czar or the Demetr lan pretenders parly in 1612 the armi took kostroma and advanced to where bi means of 0 skillful lions withheld the swedes who were ere overrunning the nort northwest hvest from occupying more territory meanwhile the cossack hordes were wasting to the south southward Nard and the small polish arma arm at I 1 moscow llo scow was practically besieged in the kremlin these brigands brigande bri gands simple fought for plunder they bated the file patriots more than the poles and actually tried to murder in july on august IS intending to coerce the cossacks arrived outside moscow and three daas da 3 later chodkiewicz the polish general came up front from the west vest righting ting went on intermit bently until the middle of october the cossack host simply looked on but could not break through s blockade of the kaemlin neither could drle awa chodkiewicz at last on october 15 the rus made a night attack on the polish en trenched posit on oil rile rho were repulsed but chod kiewicz hid had lost nearly neaily halt half his small polish corps and next neit morning lie he retreated on octo her 22 the polish in the kremlin who were ex ev biting on human bamin flesh 11 capitulated the russian patriots in the ruins of 0 moscow then called a national assem assemble bl tor for the purpose of electing a native soNe sovereign reign there was as great contusion confusion and much fruitless discussion princes and declined the crown and it appeared that nothing would be decided upon when t 0 delegates dele gatis ono one russian one cos sack ac independently suggested a romanoff that being nearest of un tin to the old ruriko Runko ilch house the licad head of the had been ton aured by boris and was vas a prisoner in poland lie he was vas a man mail of great abille ind and vigor and perhaps the assembly thought that b hi choosing ills his son strong government bould be insured once they could release the father on bruard pt 21 1631 mithael reo dorovich was elected by the notables an and on oil his name being proposed to the army and burgesses of moscow ho be was chosen with enthusiasm All michael chael lie he was only sixteen tars of age was mas sheltering with his mother in the Spa monastery near kostroma he was vas not dincov cred until march 24 and then shrank from as cuming burning the crown ills his mother supported the shrinking boy she must haie hae felt that only mis ery and a violent death aval awaited ted dared to call himself of in ili those ter das dais but at last michael gave way tho the delegates told him that on his bis head would mould bo the blame for the utter destruction of his coun try it if he be refused to accept the crown the state of the country was vias tearful fearful in many places it was a desolate wilderness travelers from the west passed horror stricken through N 11 lage after village containing riot not a living soul on his na vay to moscow the youthful czar nothing but misery and horror and at last stopped at Troi tsa unable to face the ir wretched etched ness of lilos moscow com where even lu in the kremlin the palaces were mere roofless roof lebs ills own guards were nere starving Bt irving and in rags and their needs were sup sol plied by gifts from the great merchant house bouse of the gonos something was done dona to alle the distress and on maj mai 13 michael was escorted into moscow by tho the entire male lation on jul jub 13 he was as solemnly crowned the troubles of were vere not yet over years of effort were needed before the bandit hordes were nere finally put down donn sweden sveden had to be ba bought off with nith cessions sessions ces of territory in 1617 a great polish arm under uie the titular czar ladis law lam invaded russia captured town toan after town and marched against moscow in 1618 princa Poz harski was mas allec moie called to the command and saved the capital b hi defeating the poles in an as assault ault on october IS A truce was concluded nt at acar the file famous moysten mona stem poland kept her conquests but acknowledged Al michael ichael is czar also was rele qed ed and i etui ned to reorganize ills his country countr for nearly fifteen sears he was practical the ca and did maui to bring peace and order out of the he chaos that still existed ile he was vas the true founder of the romanoff dinaso michael him relf elf was mas a gentle pious ind and amiable man his merit Is 11 tint that he had the sense to accept the file direction of other nien men than himself ills his wl wife ile the ancestress of the present emperors wis ru nu doxia the daughter of one of the poorer nobles ile he died in 1645 and within a generation aided bi b the increasing anarchy in poland wis able to turn the tables on her old ant alit and to commence a process of expansion slon that has hae continued on untied until the present day |