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Show - ' ' THE PROGRESSIVE OPINION 1--- 1 11 A ini tor. concluded Story From a Diplomat; -O-ne Day Before a War CorrespondenTpt . Telling of Last Interview With Peace Envoy Before War's Beginning. National Farm and Home Hour Comment seemed satisfied. He "Jaan has been fighting four yea mus be reah.bc Must talk facts, and talk principles afterward. Chinese Duplicity Argument more of the often-hear- d arlumen? about Chinese duplicity. . United States wants war, it If it wants peace can have war. And Japan can can have peace. to than a friend be much more nerica. You can beat "s m, the end but it will be no itself. Hav He was friendliness he made a tele-phone ing spoken his piece the call and led me from which it chancery into the embassy adjoins. impressed as I was the I was first time I walked down the long reception hall, with the delicate beauty of the setting. The price-less paintings on the walls with their weird and elusive charm of oriental art, the graceful furniture, the gentle blending of tints in wall decorations and wainscoting. "This room is too large for con-versation," said Mr. Terasaki, indi-cating the main reception room. So he took me to a smaUer one and we sat down for a moment. Almost immediately "Good-will- " Ambassa-dor Kurusu appeared, a little man dressed in an expensive tweed suit. He had a small, d mus-tache and wore spectacles. His face was long and under a hurried glance he might pass as an American. Terasaki bowed low from the hips, but Kurusu took my hand in-formally when I was presented. Terasaki opened the conversation by saying that I had said as long as Kurusu was still here no news was good news. Kurusu either mis-understood Terasaki or chose to ig-nore his remark. We sat down and Kurusu repeated in less formal phraseology the general argument which Terasaki had offered. Kurusu Presents Japan' Case The two nations could agree on WNU Service, 1343. H Street, N-- Washington, D. C. where we feel Here in Washington the repercussions of the war more deeply than anywhere in the coun-try except coast cities where enemy planes threaten, and even the last week seem thoughts we had very far away. gulf seems To me an even greater to exist between Friday and Satur-day, and war-time. between peacetime On Saturday, December 5, i sat in the drawing room of the Japa-nese embassy talking with the em-bassy's first secretary. His card left it on the which he gave me as I desk as I write. "Hidenari Tera-saki, first secretary of the Japa-nese embassy, Washington," the en-graved script reads. With us was Saburo Kurusu, the man who was supposed to be plan-ning a peaceful settlement of Japanese-- American relations at the very moment when Japanese bombers and battleships were already on their way to Pearl Harbor. I did not know it then, but I was the last American reporter perhaps the only one to interview him. Washington Diary The next afternoon just as I was starting out to take a walk in Rock Creek park, the news of the astound-ing attack on Hawaii reached me. From then on radio and news re-porters have been pretty busy. But I took time out to jot down the events of Saturday that were a trag-ically stupid prelude to war. I am now offering this record (in part) as a sort of "Washington Diary": Saturday, December 6: Spent the whole day preparing for a special Far Eastern broadcast, a pick-u- p of Far Eastern capitals, London and Washington. Went first to call on "X" whom I knew would be in-formed as well as anyone on the negotiations. We sat in his beauti-ful library. The ancient books, the mellow leathered chairs all gave the place an atmosphere of dignity nrl cnliriaritv that seemed far away from the little Saturday afternoon world. Mr. "X" suggested two phrases of which I made mental note. First: "Kurusu is still here." The second: "The center of gravity has shifted from the state depart-ment to the navy department." Since Kurusu was still here it was explained, the situation had not changed. But the next move was decidedly Japan's; the state depart-ment had probably said its last word. Mr. "X" was cl the opinion that it was still possible that some face-savin- g method would be worked out to permit the military element to accede to our demands and thus "keep Japan from committing sui-cide." His impression was that noth-ing would happen before Tuesday when he thought Kurusu would hand Secretary Hull Japan's answer to the state department's note. Next Stop The Embassy As I was leaving, a memorandum was handed in saying that Kurusu would receive me at the Japanese embassy immediately. I had been trying very hard to get that ap-pointment and after two davs' ne- - principles with lengthy and leisurely discussion but now an emergency existed. Japan was in a position where she was forced to take cer-tain steps for her survival. The United States would have to agree to the discussion of realistic issues first and leave the principles to later discussion. Unless that happened no progress could be made. "Of course we are hopeful," he said, rather hopelessly, I thought. On the whole his attitude seemed to confirm what Mr. "X" had said, that Japanese-America- n relations were in status quo that Japan was playing for time. When I left I made a remark to the effect that I was glad to see Ambassador Kurusu had provided himself with a heavy suit, that evi-dently he was prepared to stay all winter. At that remark he saw fit to laugh heartily. As I went out through the chan-cery, escorted by one of the idol-face-clerks, 1 asked if they, were always as busy as that on a Satur-day afternoon. "Al, i, l. gotiating, my assistant had finally succeeded. I was first shown through the busy chancery of the Japanese embassy to the office of First Secretary Tera-saki, a smiling little brown man with eyes that came as near to slanting as any oriental's do. He warned me that I could not quote Mr. Kurusu nor was I to mention my visit at all for a week or so as others would demand interviews. Terasaki said he would give me some background. When we were settled he told me a sort of parable. He said: "Suppose a man has been fighting for four days and four nights in the street Another man who has been sitting in his comfortable chair every evening wants to do some-thing. Should man in arm chair come to fighting man and talk about principles, about Confucius and Aristotle?" He paused a moment and stared at me steadily with brown eyes that looked as solid as bullets. "No, I think," he went on, "man in armchair should approach man who is fighting with tact and sym-pathy." He paused again to see how 1 was taking it. I dropped my eyes to the notes I was making and he l wu, nu, ue answered, only these days." That concludes my "diary" for December 6. As I read it over in the light of what happened within less than 24 hours after I rode away from the Japanese embassy in a- cab which had just brought one of the staff to the door with luggage and golf bags, some of the words spoken there took on a new meaning. I had a close-u- p of one phase of what is probably the world's great- est achievement in diplomatic du-plicity. Mr. Kurusu, I believe, has not been available for interviews since. In Jones county, Mississippi, 60 farmers needed workstock. They pitched in together, bought 60 mules in one lot at a nice price. To save a little more money the farmers all of them borrowers from the de-partment of agriculture, went one step farther, put in a order for plow gear. Their county purchasing association, sponsored SeUrity admimstra-tion- . bought 60,. complete, sets of harness from a local, dealer, assem-ble- d then, at , the mule, barn, Sav-mg- s on this deal ran into $125 mule dealer fitted the gear th! animals at no extra cost assured Perfect harness fittings ' DEFENSE: WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS By Edward C. Wayne At Home Knox Makes Blunt Report on Hawaii: Army and Navy Losses Set at 2,897 In Surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor; Battleship Arizona Among Craft Sunk (EDITOR'S NOTE When opinions are expressed In these columns, they are those of the news analyst and not necessarily of this newspaper.) (Released by Western riewspaper Union.) HAWAII: A Report From Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox, just back from a fly-ing inspection trip to Hawaii came a report the nation had anxiously awaited the extent of damage done by the Japanese in their first blast at Pearl Harbor and Honolulu. Army and navy casualties were set at 2,897 dead, 879 wounded and 26 missing. Six warships, including one battleship, the Arizona, went down. Knox was blunt in establishing his points. First he said that Japan failed in what it set out to do knockout the United States in the Pacific before the war actually got under way. Second, his report stat-ed "The United States services were not on the alert against the sur-prise air attack on Hawaii. This sole serious attempt against U. S. territory in any volume, and to this task the Japanese apparently had dedicated about 200 - odd planes, which probably meant at least two aircraft carriers. The chief Japanese objective un-questionably was Malaya and Bur-ma, with Singapore as a necessary battle before the Japs could con-sider any permanent success had been theirs. The cutting of the Burma road was another, but this, it could be realized, would only relieve the pres-sure from the Chinese army, and would enable the Japanese to re-move forces from China only after a long period. The vital need of Japan was oil, oil and more oil, without which it would be impossible for her to keep her fleet moving, her planes in the air, or to prosecute any sort of war at all. And this oil was in the Dutch East Indies. Against successful occupa-tion of any of these is-lands two great obstacles stand. The Philippines stand astride the China sea at a point where it is only about 500 miles wide, and the huge Singapore base closes the neck of hoped-fo- r Japanese operations at the east. Hence the most serious invasion effort was made by the Japs via Indo-Chin- a and Thailand, with the landings at Malaya an effort to make the British tenure of the long neck ending in Singapore untenable. The secondary attack was on the Philippines, chiefly to obtain naval and air bases far enough outside the circle of the island defenses to per-mit a serious effort at capture. Army watchers saw little chance that the Japs would spread them-selves out thin enough to attempt a strong attack on Hawaii or on the West coast. RUSSIANS: Refuse Peace An effort by the Nazis to make peace with Russia in order that their armies might hibernate in their present positions and re-new the war in the spring was in-dignantly turned aside by the Soviet, which had the victory taste in its mouth and was not to be denied. Daily dispatches from Red army headquarters continued to develop the victory not only on the southern front, where it all started, but in front of Moscow as well, where the Russians said the German retreat s ' i I ? i ft r Grim reality of war has come to many U. S. coastal cities. Here in this startling picture big ramparts of sand bags are being hastily con-structed in front of one of the tele-phone company's buildings in San Francisco. While 99 per cent of the "air raids'" reported on American conti-nental cities had been rumors or tests, home defense was bustling ahead. Blackouts were being practiced busily from one coast to the other, and the rules during air raids were .being read and d in Ameri-can homes, while men, women and children repeated to themselves the magic words "keep calm, stay at home, lie down" and all the rest of the litany. From it all was coming a strong-er realization that home defense was needed chiefly to bind the morale of the nation, and as an ever-prese-safeguard against n ac-tivities, of. which there was more than a little. The sabotage-fifth-colum- n activi-ties in the United States were notj of course, a fraction, of what they were in Manila nor in Hawaii, but they were serious and the wide-spread calling out of the home guards had a much more important effect than did the same move in the last war when territorial United States was safer from attack. First evidences of the dangers of Pacific shipping were the manda-tory halting of rubber tire sales pend-ing a permanent rationing plan, and the freezing of all stocks of sugar. From these the nation learned it was at war and the man in the street began slowly to get the idea that it was not play. CHINESE: Fight Jap Rear Though the troops necessarily were of the guerrilla type, there were reports that the Chinese were mak-ing a serious and important attack on the Japanese rear in the Canton neighborhood, a most welcome di-version as the British sought to hang onto Hongkong. Hongkong was reported complete-ly surrounded by Japanese troops, and the British did admit that their troops had been withdrawn from Kowloon, its stronghold on the main-land, about 20 miles north of Hong-kong itself. The British, however, had said it was part of their plan to abandon Kowloon and to concentrate on' a defense of hilly Hongkong itself. The Chinese attack, they said, tended to divert the Japanese from attempting to attack Hongkong from the Kowloon side. Messages of cheer following the triple war declarations went back and forth from time to time between the British and American command- - Here is one of the war's first he-roes Capt. Colin P. Kelly, who was killed while making a daring air at-tack on the Japanese battleship Ha-ru-in a battle off the Philippines. He was credited with scoring three direct bomb hits on the vessel, leav-ing it in flames and later it sank. Kelly was an army flier and former West Pointer. fact calls for a formal investigation which will be initiated immediately by ,the President. Further action is, of 'course, dependent on the facts and recommendations made by this investigating board. We are all en-titled to know if (a) there was any error of judgment which contributed to the surprise, and (b) if there was any dereliction of duty prior to the attack." The secretary of the navy went on to point out that after the battle be-gan the defense by both army and navy was "conducted skillfully and bravely." He pointed out many in-cidents of individual heroism, though the report did not mention the heroes by name. Equally blunt was his statement of material and personnel losses. The navy lost the battleship Ari-zona, three destroyers, a mine lay-er and the old target ship Utah. In addition damage was inflicted to other vessels and Knox said some of these would take weeks and oth-ers months to repair. He said that the entire rest of thp flppt was nnw nut nn the Pacific t "V ? JT-- 1- V - I seeking action with the enemy. Morale on the islands was high, said Knox. Main army losses consisted of planes caught on the ground. Han-gars were also damaged. Enemy losses were declared to be three submarines and 41 aircraft. PLAN: Of Japanese As the war with Japan progressed, and as Germany and Italy walked into the picture unbidden, Americans began to get a slightly clearer vision of just what the campaign of Nippon aimed at, and what it was likely to accomplish before the Unit-ed States got its war machine mov-in- g in high gear. It soon became evident that the disastrous raid on Hawaii had prob-ably succeeded far beyond Japan's wildest hopes, but that it had been simply a "nuisance raid" in the first place, and not made with any faint-est hope of occupying the islands. The attacks on Guam, Midway, Wake islands were, on the other hand, apparent efforts to take those Pacific outposts, and were made with forces that the Japanese deemed sufficient to do the job. The effort against the Philippines, however, was just as evidently the titJTCH: Do Theit Bit The Dutch are hard to beat that's an old saying. . The Dutch were doing their bit, though their native land was occupied by the Nazis, in the war in the Far East as well as in the Mediterranean. In the sinking of an entire Italian flotilla by night by an inferior force of British ships, much credit was given the 1,800-to- n Dutch destroy-er Isaac Sweers for its part in the engagement. This vessel was not finished when the Nazis went through the Low Countries, but the Dutch had her towed across the channel to a British shipyard, where she was completed. Four Dutch submarines, also un-der the British Far East naval com-mand, trailed several fully loaded Japanese transports, bound with re-inforcements for the Malayan front. The Hollanders waited until night-fall, then came to the surface, d the slower troopships, and, at a prearranged signal, let loose with their torpedoes. ers and Lhiang Kai-she- k at Chung-king. BRITISH: In Malaya The frightful loss suffered by the British fleet in the first days of the Malaya campaign, in which two capital ships, the Prince of Wales and the Repulse, totaling practical-ly 70,000 tons, had gone to the bottom either the victims of Jap submarines or planes or both, had been somewhat offset by the steady resistance of the troops to Japanese advancing efforts. By the time the war was in its second week the British were able to report that the "Malayan ad-vance of the Japanese was at a standstill." The British commanders seemed to have been able to fathom the general Jap plan of attack, and to meet it step by step with the loss of as little ground as possible until something like a plain battle line could be developed. Day after day the report had been "the. situation in Malaya continues to be confused." Finally the British stated that they were "holding the invaders to a standstill' and that the battle was being . "confined to the northern jungles." BRIEFS: Heroes of Hawaii Heroes of Hawaii: Second Lieut. George S. Welch, Wilmington, Del., 23, downed four Jap planes in one combat. A Pur-due boy, he finished his flying train-ing 14 months ago at Kelly Field and later was sent to the Far East. Second Lieut. Kenneth M. Taylor, Hominy, Okla., 22; destroyed two Jap planes in his first fight. A Uni-versity of Oklahoma junior, gradu-ated Brooks Field in April. First Lieut. Louis M. Sanders, Fort Wayne, Ind., 34, Lieut. Gordon H. Sterling Jr., West Hartford, Conn., 22; Second Lieut. Philip M. Rasmussen, Boston, 23; Second Lieut. Harry W. Brown, Amarillo, Texas, 21, got one plane each. Lynn, Mass.: The family of Pri-vate Leo E. A. Gagne, 24, got a package of Christmas gifts from him. In the package was a letter which contained the words "I'm sor-ry I can't be with you for Christ-mas." The day the package arrived his family learned that Private Gagne had been killed in Hawaii. Help for Russia from Canada. This photo shows a long line of Can-adian- built infantry tanks loaded aboard flat cars leaving Montreal on the first lap of the long journey to the Russian fronts for use against the Nazis. These are n tanks having a top speed of 20 miles per hour. was becoming a panic-stricke- n rout. The Nazis, they said, were blow-ing up tanks in the path of the ad-vancing Russians, and were aban-doning hundreds of vehicles and guns. War cannot be fodght at 17 de-grees below zero, Hitler had told his people in announcing that "no. further effort at advance would be made in Russia during the winter.." "Yes it can," shouted the Rus-sians, as, dressed, in their warm clothing and with the enthusiasm given them by one success after an-other they, continued to move the Germans back. The Reds' figures were so large as to be almost unbelievable. They claimed 75,000. Germans killed in front of Moscow. Their total claim for German losses during the entire campaign was 6,000,000 dead, wounded, pris-oners. Though the Russians did not im-mediately declare war on Japan, Litvinoff, new emissary to Washing-ton, called Japan "the common enemy," another "of the gang of Axis criminals," and indicated that Russia would be glad to "do any-thing to help." LIBYAN FRONT: The disaster to German and Ital-ian forces in Libya continued to grow and expand, as the invaders had fallen back to Derna, with the British in close pursuit and constant-ly whittling down the enemy. The African theater of war thus found the imperial forces on the of-fensive still, with one encircling movement being carried on after another by small mobile forces, and the German divisions under Gener-al Rommell unable to reform into one battle unit. The swastika has been W. American pottery as far BoJ Greenland's furthermost tip. 6 cally, on old Hebrew fired c!'':' well. The Indians, it is m known, used it as a symbol of ' luck. f; Tennessee The name of Tennessee , stowed on that state by the ,'4 nal Indian settlers. It rneam er with the great bend." Fear of Public Speaking Conquered by Home Study Her Poise Awes Timid Speakers. "UY, ISN'T she brave!" thinks the timid soul when an ex-perienced speaker shows no. fear.. But the experienced public speakers smile at this "bravery" idea. In order to be sure of your-self, they say, you have only to learn to be. sure of little details. And those you can practice at home. Just stand up there, relaxed, nothing in your hands to distract you and give! Our booklet tells how you can practice to develop an easy, charming speech tech-nique. Tells how to prepare a speech, gives sample speeches, also rules of par-liamentary procedure. Send your or-der to: LISTEN TO BAUKHAGE The Nat'l Farm & Home Hon, 10:30 each morning, Monday through Friday KUTA, Salt Lake at 570 KC and other NBC Blue Network Staticrtj READER-HOM- SERVICE 117 Minna St. San Francisco, Calif. Enclose 10 cents in coin for your copy of PUBLIC SPEAKING Name . 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There should be no doubt that prompt treatment is wiser than neglect. Use Doan'a Pills. Doan'a have been winning new friends for more than forty years. They have a nation-wid- e reputation. Are recommended by grateful people the country over. Ask your ntighoort mmvm WNU W 5241 lonncsEims ;J that will save you many a ; J dollar will escape you if ; ; ; you fail to read carefully and ; j regularly the advertising of !; local merchants I ! Tn this paperI MAY X" WITHERS f j Say$. V Sc.! . I the BEST -- for J LESS! Genuine Acrylic Flat ' Genuine Vulcanite P' fy. All Dental PUto fj. receipt of imprejsions UJ Licensed Dentists. ", U materials fully guars!""" U LABORATORY & H 174'a So. Main (ty Farms in Sweden One-four- of the 430,000 Un.. Sweden cover less than five act? Perhaps Official Wasn't Very Good at History A famous alienist met a certain prominent official. After some discussion on the mentally un-sound, the official asked: "Doctor, how do you really tell if a person is insane?" "Oh, we merely ask a few or dinary questions which ordinary people can answer correctly." "What type of questions?" "Well," replied the alienist, "this sort of thing: Captain Cook made three voyages around the world and died on one of them. Which was it?" "Oh, I say," objected the off-icial, "I'm afraid I've forgotten which one it was." Whip of Repentance No man is more severely pun-ished than he who is subject to the whip of his own repentance. Seneca. Obedience a Step Through obedience learn to command. Plato. ft More than 125 measures pertain-ing to education have been intro-duced in the present session of con-gress. ft The. army has veterinarians who regularly inspect the meat, eggs and dairy products, including ice cream served on army mess tables ft A naval man always salutes the quarter deck of a ship, as the of the state. sym-bo- l ft War is a great leveler. Never oh never are women permitted to enter the front door of the monastic Cosmos club of Washington. But there has been such a shortage of messenger boys in Washington tha it has been necessary to hire girls And since even Cosmos club mem' bers though most of their m the scholastic past, recefv1 telegrams, females in uniform may nowenter the sacred portals fense navVecT viewed by the tl0nalf and re- - invtors merce ouncil sZJTI? ' Cm" sidered extoemiu 6 are e exart . lmPr'ant. SU"Set inefbStLaVaamaeToVSde-a-navy custom y TorTe X" bT in the citTes thmen than "ys'theCeau'V0"15 20 to ports. re ft Women are ti m as attendan ""In T f gasoline L me ot Pennsylvania , 11' in Maine, Columbia. iStrict as oil sTemhs" aT gettini Ports from Tewi ""Z"18 to geoloeisK ere pioneer at well sites a''e makinS tests |