Show 0 A j ec n a aa zy irv j 3 te V two canadian old timers with a seasons catch of deaver beaver and white fox prepared by national Geo geographic graphia society washington IX I 1 C service 7 new regions being opened WITH A by new roads railroads and ay airplane routes canada reports an increase of nearly one fifth in population during the past decade according to a recently completed census there ore are 1034 inhabitants in the dominion the story of the discovery exploration a settlement ett lement and development of canada from the days of jacques cartier 1534 samuel de champlain Champl aln 1603 and henry hudson 1610 down to the advent of the railroad in the middle of the last century is ono one of travel by sea river and lake the waterways of canada provide easy access to the heart of the continent nearly halt half the area of the dominion excluding tor for the moment the district of franklin comprising the arctic islands is drained by majestic rivers on the atlantic coast the st lawrence on hudson bay the nelson and on the arctic tho the mackenzie no great natural obstacles divide these river basins and passage from one to another Is easily made by short hort por travel by boat or canoe throughout the alie northern and eastern parts of canada though slow blow has always been easy until the railways were built settlement and commerce were largely confined to the seacoast and the territories ri adjacent to the great rivers and lakes of the interior the age of railway expansion followed the confederation of the colonies of british north america into the dominion of canada and made possible the settlement of the extensive farming districts on the prairies of that region hitherto without access to any market airplane being used during the past decade a widely extended use of the airplane has been developed in the remoter remoler parts of the dominion where modern modem facilities for travel are nonexistent and the alternatives are the canoe in summer and the dog team in winter its use by foresters for fire patrol and timber cruising Is now well established li while the modern surveyor with his aerial camera flying to feet above the ground produces a complete photographic record of the country for many miles on each side elde of his line of flight from which can be plotted with simple traverses on the ground for control all the nat ural nral features of the region regular air routes between large canadian cities are in the making that phase of development must necessarily ess essa rily arlly be slower than in europe or the united states where the population is denser the traffic heavier and climatic conditions less severe to see canada from the air today one Is dependent on the courtesy and hospitality pita lity of the services maintained by the dominion and provincial governments and by commercial firms the greatest percentage of increase in population shown by the census waa vms in the province of british columbia where there are nearly one third more inhabitants than there were ten years ago quebec and saskatchewan provinces increased by more than one fifth ottawa montreal toronto winnipeg vancouver and hamilton are cities of more than population ottawa Is the capital of the dominion queen victoria was well advised when she named as it was then called the seat of government after confederation in 1867 1807 few capitals have a finer natural location the houses of parliament and surrounding government offices are built on a high bluff on the south bank of thu the ottawa river just below the chaudiere falls rivers and canal at ottawa to the north forested spurs of the laurentian Laurent lan mountains extend almost to the river bank while on the ontario side ride of the river the city Is surrounded by a fine farming country since the days of champlain Champl aln the ottawa river has been the main highway from the sea to the west permanent settlement in the district however only began in the first decade of the nineteenth century after the war of 1812 the british government looking for a strategic route from the sea to the great lakes which would avoid the international waterway of the st lawrence decided on the construction of the rideau canal which would give an altern alternative Alve waterway from montreal to 10 kingston on lake ontario the canal was built by the royal engineers in the third decade of the last century and Is still in use a monument to their skill and workmanship with the opening of the canal the little settlement grew in importance and was called after colonel by commanding the royal engineers it soon became the headquarters of the thriving ottawa valley lumber industry beautiful driveways and natural parks line the banks of ottaway Ot tawas rivers a and nd canal and though it Is essentially a pity city of homes many industries congregate there attracted by the cheap water power developed by chau adlere falls the original buildings were burned in 1910 1010 A magnificent gothic structure has risen on the old site crowned by a central spire victory tower feet high built to commemorate canadas part in the world war montreal the largest of the canadian cities was desolate st lawre lawrence nce river bank three hundred years ago it was first visited by jacques cartier Oart ler the first settlement on the site rose in 1642 few cities have greater natural advantages at the bead of 0 ocean navigation yet almost 1000 miles from the atlantic it la is a natural gateway for the commerce of the continent her merchants have not been slow to take advantage of the situation unlimited water power drives her industries wheels next to montreal ranks toronto capital city of the province of ontario the most thickly populated province of the dominion nearly one third of the inhabitants live within Ont arios borders toronto Is a worthy capital of a great province a financial and industrial center and the seat of the largest university in canada for the next nert largest city one must jump halt half way across the dominion to winnipeg the distributing center of western canada and as it were the neck of the bottle where the railway lines converge although slightly more than a century old its rapid growth has taken place during the past two generations now it Is a city of fine streets well timbered parks and beautiful driveways along the As red rivers this Is a leafy city tar far removed from ones idea of a drab treeless prairie the noble koble parliament buildings of manitoba are worthy of the pr province oTince growing with the great canadian west Winni pegs future Is assured some miles west Is calgary two big cities in tho the west vancouver with inhabitants and victoria are in the spotlight among the leading cities of the pacific coast victoria clinging to the southern end of vancouver island Is the first city of the province of british columbia it was first settled in 1842 by the governor of the hudsons Hud sons bay company it is IB perhaps the roost most english town outside of england its situation Is delightful and the absence of the rush and hustle bustle of other went ern cities its beautiful gardent gardens fine buildings drives and splendid climate all lend it an attraction for those who wish to lead a quiet out of door life and escape the rigors of tho the sterner climate of other provinces osqui esaul malt the naval natal base situated in a nearby bay Is of importance strategically and the headquarters of the royal canadian navy and imperial fleet on the coast vancouver contrasts sharply with victoria it la is the metropolis of the canadian pacific coast a thriving city still in the mul malding drig each year increasing its importance A generation ago tall pines grew where it stands in 1023 1923 its shipping trade was second only to that of montreal with the wealth of mines timber fisheries and agriculture not only of british columbia but of the western prairies behind it it cannot be otherwise than one of the great trading ports of the world it Is the terminus of two major railway systems of canada just under the population mark la Is bueb quebec which no narrative of the Domi dominion tilon falls to mention no city of ef the world has a more romantic history than the old french capital nestling below the cliffs of the citadel and the plains phalna of abraham where was decided in 1759 the great struggle between brance and england for supremacy in the western hemisphere |