| Show 11 40 40 V ir M W 7 A Chi cacio in 1570 aror an old print 31 ta 0 RM b Z 1 I s A in 1832 brofn anold arnt 7 X MITI J H irhe in the by ELMO ELM 0 SCOTT W WATSON ATSON riu de city of chicago la Is planning to cele brate its one hundredth birthday and when 11 ll it does it will invite the whole world to join in the celebration recently Becent ly ground was broken on the site where in 1933 will be held A century of progress exposition and work on the erection of buildings already has begun although that event Is two years hence chicago this year year began to look back upon its century of existence Fri for it was on august 4 1830 that the town was platted the streets and lots lal laid out and the first maps map made in 1830 the total area of chicago ch latigo was three eights of a square mile it had bad a population of less than persons in 1930 chicago covers an expanse of 2105 square squar miles emiles and it has a population of more than people and that tells the story in brief of the moat amazing growth of a city in all history chica chicago go Is the fourth largest city in the world with its years of history it bows only to london with its 2000 years to new york with its years and to berlin with its years although this child of a swamp for the greater part of its present presen tarea area was once nothing but a mosquito ridden tract of sodden ground can count back only years as an organized community and only 97 years it fas was incorporated in ia 1833 M hence the celebration in 1933 as a municipality in reality its recorded history goes back nearly years its name nam ewas was first spoken by byan an indian some time far back in the unrecorded years before the white man came to the middle west A party of indian fox hunters so runs the legend pursued a large skunk which made its home along the southern shore of lake michigan into the lake and killed it from that time on the southern part of lake michigan wai was known to the sauk bauk fox and kickapoo Klc kapoo tribes as shek agua meaning skunk or 11 meaning the place of the skunk that Is the version of the origin of the name chicago as given in the publications eions of the american bureau of ethnology another version cogivan Is lo given givan in the journal of a certain boutel companion of la salle until the death of that ill fated explorer in texas in 1687 leading the survivors of la salles texan expedition back to canada boutel arrived at the pre present sent site of chicago on march 20 29 IM 1688 bad weather compelled C them to remain there ten miserable days during which time they almost starved to t 0 death they had only a small amount of corn com meal but they supplemented this with edible plants among them woods garlic or the wald onion and boutel records the fact that the indians called this place chec aque meaning wild onion Chec aqua a slight variation of the word to Is said eald to have been the indian adjective for strong powerful mighty or strong smelling I 1 boutel however was not the first white whit e man to visit the bite site of the present chicago for countrymen of his were there nearly 20 years yeara earlier it la is believed by some that la salle visited the place in 1670 but the first authentically recorded visit by white ren men was that of jollet joliet and marquette who passed that way on their return trip from the expedition down the mississippi in the autumn of 1673 marguete Mar quete returned there again in december 1674 on his way to establish a ain mission assion among the illinois indians and an d because of illness was was forced to spend the winter there the next french visitor to chicago was vas father C claude lan de allouez successor of marquette who rea reached clied the there re in the spring of 1677 on his way 7 to establish the mission promised bothe to the illinois indians la salle Sall ewas was the next visitor in 1678 and no doubt others passed th that atway way for the chicago portage the ahert connecting link between the two great waterways of the continent the great lakes st lawrence and the mississippi made it the natural path of the explorers just as in later years it was was to become the natural path of commerce merce e and settlement and to beane be one of the main factors in build building ingup up the mighty city of the present As previously stated boutel was there in IM 1688 and he was waa followed in ia 1689 by la fontan explorer extraordinary according to his own account counti anal 8 nd maker of inaccurate maps chicago has been the i butt of many jokes and one of the earliest ones was w agthe the product of indian humor for it was the red man who said that I 1 the first white alte settler of chicago was a negro ills bis name was jean baptiste point du there to la much dispute about this man one account represents him as ri a native of san domingo while another states that thai he wan wail a runaway slave from the vicinity of lexington ky rt it Is known that he was at chicago Chica goas early as 1779 although 0 KJ t 41 the treaty elm the base of his trading operations was on the present site of Alle michigan bigan city ind the year 1790 found him established at chicago ne near arthe the mouth of of the river buchow long he remained there Is unknown certainly taini y he be seems io to be more entitled to the honor of being the first settler non indian indiala than does john kinzie the reputed father of chicago I 1 that title might be applied to one of several men depending on what your definition of favier father might be for george wa washington sh ington father of his hia country might also be called the father of chicago in 1795 president denV washington ordered gen anthony wayne who had just concluded his successful campaign against the indians of the northwest and was preparing to make a treaty of peace with them theato to purchase from the indians a piece of land six allea square attebe at the mouth of the chicago river emptying into the southwest end of lake michigan where a korf fort formerly stood and this was included in the treaty of greenville which was signed on august 7 1795 washington clearly saw that this site was the key to possession of theOld the old northwest and no doubt decided that if the united states government held it they could hold that vast empire against the british and the indians that title also might be applied to capt john whistler who arrived there in 1803 with a body of troops troop sto to build a fort for he erected the first fort dearborn named in honor of secretary of war henry dearborn it marked the real beginning of the present metropolis around that fort was to cluster the settlement which eventually was to become a town of inhabitants and a hundred years later a city of more than when whistler and his bis men came to chicago they found four huts or cabins bibins there belonging to some french cana canadian than traders one was occupied by le mal alai who had bought out du kalble one by antone antoine Out linette whose name Is preserved presen ed in the present chicago suburb of WU wil mette and a third by louis and his indian wife tho fourth belonged to john kinzie a trader and silversmith who apparently had bad his headquarters elsewhere at that time probably at st joseph mich kin kanzle ale did noncom not come e to chicago tomake to make it his home until earldin early in 1804 he then occupied the hut lp in which du kalble and le mal alai had in turn lived continued his trading business w which h ich pro prospered speed and nd made him the leading member of the civilian population around fort dearborn the story of the first fort dearborn Is to familiar as to need deed no repetition how for nine years asdall a small body of american troops commanded first by captain cantal n whistler and later later by ca capt P t nathan heald endured thep the privations riv ansof of this lonely outpost on the frontier how the threat of an indian uprising became more ominous as the certainty of war with great britain Inci increased eased and how that threat culminated in n the tragedy of august 15 1812 popularly known as the fort dearborn massacre for on that day captain heald in obedience to orders from a superior officer which left him no alter alternative native but to obey evacuated the post and marched south along the sand dunes there to be attacked by the fierce 1 l in acif an orgy of bloodshed which will forever remain one of the tra tragic memories in the history of af chicago that night the indians burned the I 1 fort and the next five years marks a hiatus in the story etory of chicago on july 4 1817 another body of troops arrived and begun began the construction of another fort dearborn which was occupied for fourbears four years when the government ordered its evacuation in 1827 oe occurred the winnebago war which for it a time furnished p plenty leaty of excitement for chicago and led eventually to the of the fot foot but this war wa was ft a short one and in the spring of 1831 1931 the boit fort was again abandoned leas than a rear eur later however it was again garb gar v q W 0 v hotel and ana iha the outbreak of the blackhawk war saw fort dearborn and the recently platted village 0 of f ahk chicago ago i crowded with panic stricken iet settlers the next few months were filled with suffering both from fear odthe of the red max man anufrom and from an epidemic of cholera but the thel plague and the war ended almost simultaneously and lu rush of white settlers which followed the smashing of Blackhawk black hawks la power the rise of the future great city began fort dearborn bad not only been an important military post but it was also the center cente of the governments relations with the Indians the outcome of the blackhawk war was the handwriting 9 on the wall for the red man and as the tide of immigration into the rich illinois country set in it became evident that the indian must move on visitors to the exposition in 1933 wilf I 1 be beable able to see a landmark which symbol teea the passing of the red man ana the final conquest of the old northwest by the whites it Is a giant elm curi bously beneby bent by the e indians while still a sapling which stands in a part of chicago known as sauganash Sau ganash because it includes the reservation of i 1600 acres granted chief sau sauganash ganash billy caldwell leader of the land one of the heroes of the fort dearborn massacre under this elva elm were held the negotiations tor the treaty made in 1 1835 after chief sauganash Sau ganash had persuaded his tribesmen to accept the governments terms and leave their ancestral home forever another such landmark Is in the th eheart heart 0 of if th the e famous chicago loop it Is a bronze tablet mark maik inythe ing the site of the sauganash Sau ganash hotel established by mark beaubien Beau blen in 1829 as Chi cagos first hostelry here on august 5 1833 a public meeting was held to decide upon the incorporation of chicago as a town A total of 12 votes was cast for incorporation and one it flye the first town election was held beld in n the sauganash Sau ganash six men who afterwards were voters arrived just before the election was hold held and in all 28 votes were cast electing four trustees and a president of the town board it Is this event which furnishes the motif arthe for the celebration two year hence but this is only the beginning of the events which are to be celebrated for as the title of the exposition indicates it will be held in honorof honor odthe the progress of chicago from a town with a P tion of less than in iiii 1833 to a city alty of M more ore than in 1837 andoe more than by the time of the civil war then came Chi cagos great disaster the fire of 1871 to wipe 0 out ut nearly all that had so far fai been accomplished ed but instead of killing the city the conflagration seemed to only spur the young giant on chicago rose from thrashes the ashes to build and grow 1 0 on in an even gre greater ater scale s cale and 60 years after its organization as a municipality found 10 It playing host to the ivorid world in one of the greatest celebrations ever held the worlds columbian exposition of 1893 it was about this time that one of Chi cagos leading citizens daniel HB H burnham father of the city improvement plan which to Is now making chicago not only one of the ibe greatest but one of the roost most beautiful cities of the world uttered these words make no little plans ians they have no migi magic C to stir mens blood and probably themselves willa not be realized make alg W plans fians rem remember ean her that our sons and grandsons are going to do thin things gs that would stagger us L let et your watchword I 1 be order ordee and your beacon beauty I 1 and d 1 it Is to show how well this child of f it a swamp has heeded those words that chicago Is in alan the world to come to the party Ins la 1933 Q by waltern union V I 1 |
