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M VJ ua clr J jewl lili r or all X k M nj 1 i arn 1 if H J k li j ani aur m I IM iu r IT f ate jwj i i 1 III m u 1 J r M 1 EM ut M 1 11 ari k t fc lont ta 4 kin k H M alrh H ml ik hl l cnute M ik irown ih anor 0 nn k air tp 4 tu w k l kuhlt rf alm ori k t r rt tl tew 1 rl to Z rd aba S 11 aft f rm tum hiew fc hm lr kr amit 1 A act kr T rt f 1 I I ll 11 k tea V ta it urn u amri i aul w w k no W 11 f ll 11 raf f 1 rt r T ms 11 1 J 1 I ft w n lk y clr tin it y tea 1 il IBS ki S J IB lk 1 1 1 J tank l A 1 owl lr nm lil ull 1 I u clr lahm IU i A M K 11 F IX tinLy ri almi tr toLi olit I 1 s tea im r or I 1 l A ak IN INIC ain 0 6 et 4 WAITY r TOA coo 0 r pi 0 4 6 ra 11 I 1 mattl MM r za 1 11 I 1 P 1 I 1 kit UM 11 tem III lk klu f achl it tl 1 wl aj g lea te t ml 11 ia r ni fea J a lt te lk ta PA r antu tea f C tefter ft s iffa If fW i mma MM 1 11 4 f lf 4 4 t ft BS irta BW te ti ft E v te 0 mita ap arfi ik ta to tea IQ WA roial a the above Is a reproduction of a souvenir of the centennial exposition held in philadelphia in 1876 1870 it shows the Deci declaration of independence in the tha form of the liberty belt bell it was handset in the eral em allert lest pearl size type from which an electrotype was made in the type foundry of mackellar smith and jordan in philadelphia thousands of these paintings printings prin tings from the electrotype were wara distributed at thi the centennial el by ELMO SCOTT WATSON SK K the average american what took place on july 4 1770 and ho he will probably reply in some such words u as aa these why the deela declaration la of independence siev which made us free from england was written by thomas jefferson and signed by john hancock Uan cock george washington and some others then in celebration of the event they rang the liberty bell until it cracked wide open and that represents presenta re pretty well the sum of the misinformation which many of us have upon the historic event from which we date the beginning of our nation in contrast to this misinformation consider these simple chronological facts in regard to the making of the declaration of independence find and proclaiming of liberty on june 7 1770 richard henry lee delegate to the second continental congress from virginia acting under ills his instructions from that colony presented a resolution declaring that these united colonies are and of right ought to be free and independent states this resolution was debated in congress tor for nearly a month and and a vote on it was deliberately deterred deferred until it seemed certain that the restrictions placed upon delegates from other colonies would be so modified that there would be a unanimous or almost unanimous approval of tile the resolution when it was put to a vote in congress on july 2 lees resolution was put pui to a vote and approved by khz delegates of twelve of the col calas s the only silent voice was that oe 01 the new york delegation the declaration lar la was penned by thomas jelter jeffer son and offered to congress sitting its as a committee of the whole tor for revision before its adoption on july 4 1770 the declaration ot of independence as revised was adopted by the delegates from the colonies with the exception of the new york representatives the men who had voted for the declaration of lu independence realized that it would be nothing more than a scrap of paper unless it received popular support and received it immediately so arrangements were made at once to have the document put before the public in the form of a broadside therefore after record ing the vote on the main question it was ordered that the declaration be authenticated and printed that the appointed to prepare the Derl declaration superintend andhor and correct the press that copies of the deela declaration la Ta be sent to the several assemblies conventions and committees or councils of safety and to tile the several commanding officers of the continental troops that it be proclaimed in each lof of the united states and at the head of the army I 1 it was late in the afternoon of thursday july 4 when this action was taken so the committee composed of thomas jefferson john adams and benjamin franklin immediately hastened from tile the state house on chestnut street in philadelphia to a little building on high street where dunlap and claypoole conducted a print shop these printers were prepared to do rush jobs they had put out broadsides broad sides immediately after the battleson Batt Battle lesof lexington bunker mil hill and upon receipt of the news of the disasters at ticonderoga and quebec so they at once set to work and gave their personal attention to the setting in typo type of this greatest of nil all documents which had bad fallen to their lot to print since the printing of it had to have official clat supervision jefferson adams and franklin stayed in the shop until the declaration was set in type and the first proof of it was pulled they then made corrections on this proof the major responsibility for catching any errors testing resting on frank Fran sn no doubt since lie he was a practical printer and remained in the shop until this magna charba of american can liberties had been placed on the old flat hand press and was being printed on july 5 1770 1776 when congress mat again a supply of these printed copies of the declaration were on hand dand and one of them was watered in the blank space left for it in the rough journal of congress before the reading of the minutes of the preceding day took place in the meantime letters letter transmitting the declaration to the various assemblies had been prepared by john hancock president of congress tits his signature attested to bv br charles thompson secretary and some of these were printed on july 5 and the remainder some days later inter the first one was sent to tile the committee of safety of pennsylvania dated july ft 5 and delivered to tile the committee on july 0 the committee de dc aided to promulgate the declaration on the alie fol following lowin monday july 8 since electious elect lous for membership in the new convention wore to be held throughout the state on that day and would furnish a better opportunity than usual to secure a large public attend ance to hear the reading of this important document on july 8 the declaration of independence pen dence was first proclaimed to the citizens of the united states front from the balcony of an observatory attached to the building in the state house yard which occupied the site of what Is now ow the home of nf uie the american phi lo society the man who read it to tho the assembled people was col john nixon formerly an alderman in philadelphia and commander of a regiment in the continental army at the battle of long island and at valley forge lie acted for the sheriff who would by right have read it the i reading odthe declaration was rece received alved with much enthusiasm by tile the philadelphians ians it Is true that tile the liberty bell in the state house steeple that bell whose makers had bad placed upon it the prophetic tion proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof when it had been cast some twenty three years before was rung at this time to call the philadel phiang together for the reading of tile declaration and to celebrate the occasion after they had received the news but the cracking of the bell did not take place at this time that oc curried exactly 69 19 years later while lt it was being tolled for the death of chief justice john Sl marshall arshall which took place july 8 1 1835 other bells bella chimed in the clorus bonfires bon tires were lit that evening and all in all it was wag one of the most memorable days in the history histo ry of the historic city of brotherly love although the first official pro proc clama luma tion of the declaration aaion of hi In depend ence took place on july 8 in In depend ence square this wits was not the first birst knowledge which the public had of the great news which it contained for on saturday july 0 6 the Pennsyl pennsylvania vanla evening pos poi published every tuesday I 1 and saturday Satur dily evenings at u price only two coppers devoted the entire front page of its issue for that date to the publication of the 06 declaration la on july 8 dunlap and claypoole also published it in their weekly tile the pennsylvania packet I 1 ind within the next week or so it had been published in nearly all of the colonial newspapers as well tia aa having been procla proclaimed luied in various places by tle tie assemblies councils of safety safely and the like for post riders were carrying some of dunlap and Clity pooles printed copies throughout the newly created nation in massachusetts where the struggle for liberty had find begun it was first proclaimed on july 14 1778 1776 and the interesting fact la Is that it did not take place in boston for according to a COLI contemporary temporary a accounts account at about noon on sunday july 14 a messenger on his way to boston stopped at one of the taverns on main street worcester for dinner dinder for himself and team while walting waiting for hla his team to eat cat and rest resi he was met by isaiah thomas who obtained from him a copy of hb dec Dl la caration ration lar atlon which he took to tile the church and read from the porch t |