Show I 1 EVENTS OF 1927 19 IN hill LANU ft I 1 R S I 1 record d of twelve months I 1 notable happenings in the united states I 1 I 1 and abroad I 1 1 I 1 TEATS feats OF LINDBERGH 4 1 I 1 I 1 I 1 iia remarkable year for efforts I 1 IN tp to reduce armaments arm agents aments are not P successful strained relations Rel atlon in europe presidential pot M dilca ind and doings iyola s of con bon 1 vf t 1 gress Mississippi val I 1 v ley devastated by I 1 1 I W floods floo 6 1 I 1 r 1 i A oy EDWARD I 1 Lind berghs year might 1 well 1 be 1 tho alio designation given akren 1027 for it I 1 N I 1 waa I 1 distinguished by the C itchy of that admirable I 1 young oung american aviator ills transatlantic 11 flight the first from america to europe 1 hs triumphant progress a abroad tir 0 a d 1 find and afterward in his hiar home ll 11 onie country ills his nonstop flight to me meadeo ilpo city and andias ills gallantry and modesty milde made him the most famous roan man wills of hta time both before beforehand and after lie he winged tile his A way to france numerous oilier transoceanic 1 i flights ame arg attempted d several f eral 1 of them succeeded succeed ed alle ea many fat failed tragically 91 call y 1 internationally interest I 1 centered largely on efforts to bring about reduction 1 of armaments ardam ants cool ickes imitation to the nations tui signatory 1 to the mashington Vas hington gon treaty tp to con I 1 ter on means to extend tile the provisions 1 l 0 f that pact was accepted only ohly by y I 1 great bit britain maln and japan dibi and ended incomplete in complete failure tile the league of nations Nat ibris preparatory disarmament wag waa more 0 or r less lesi ads busy throughout the 4 year y ea r but 1 imd to make little progress its december meeting was attended by y russian representatives who blanda blandly proposed 1 immediate and total disarmament I 1 I 1 this plan was squelched and anil the mat v 1 of ter of Inter international natle nal security taken si I 1 up bp the league council convening tot word ward the close of the year had find to deal with the theol tl eol old ii quarrel 1 belive between e n i poland il ibid n and vl strained n ed relation ig between franco P rance find and italy t united states marines were buy 1 help 1 I lag ing ilip suppress a revolutionary movement in nic arague V and protecting pr our ft I 1 1 I I 1 S in I 1 n 11 Y V J f rf I 1 I 1 ea at ma hamo pe the year deaf T r bb notable babl e for t tild iia 4 stan steady growth 1 0 or li k prosperity yi which however 4 as halted in some sections jy agri I 1 cult cultural uial depre depression and and by 64 tho adovas at I 1 ahting atlig ng hoods in the tie effs s telley v f 5 I 1 4 I 1 0 1 1 I 1 I 1 INTER international NATIONAL 1 ai I 1 at t the he opening or of the ye year I 1 dent diaz of nicaragua asked anier 4 t lean old aid against tile the liberal rebels led by doctor and naval forces and marines were promptly sent seat since our rights to the nicaragua canal route robit 0 were vere deemed imperiled after after numerous skirmishes all ais yere were ordered to surrender their arms to 10 lo forces aces and tho the back bone of the rebellion was broken in a I 1 battle at ocotal tn July encounters I 1 with scattered guerrilla bands continued through tile the rest of the year re 1 lations lat lons between the united states and mexico improved steadily and morrow went down donn there ther eng as amba sa dor late in the fall with hai high h hopes of I 1 settling all tl amicably secretary of state 1 kelloggs plans for ending the tacna arica dispute be c b tween chile and peru were rejected 4 fr by the latter be country eniry tn in Ja january nuRry the three power conference on I 1 ria val vai called d by President i sf coolidge choll dge wd was 3 held la in geneva rac tacal agreement was readied concerning submarines but great britaina Brit ains demands in ia the matter of small t ejr nov not be accept accepted eO by america and japan and american demands for e eight inch guns were re i lecter by the british so the whole 4 if on dh augusta August 4 viscount e cecil was so incensed b bythe the I 1 stubborn of the bri elsh delegates that he resigned front aiom tha ibe cabinet and a i nd frem r pa in ih thi the of the 1 leogue of nations Nation sw gaylet avlet russia I 1 more anddore and inore nore taking p part art in inter national fial abfal r s made small i progress r ogress I 1 I 1 ij il at alle of other Zither powers NV her proposal v tile con ri ferance of 0 akyi jeng league ue mentioned alb above D V was brodl a lat 1 I t a as S not 1101 y aly hiir practicable lut but atilid as in february warned moscow to cease its anti british propaganda ropi ganda annd A and lo in tiny the atio landon police raided tile the soviet trade headquarters u and nd 0 belze a in Incriminating crimin a ing documents tife the representatives were depe deported ried and andall etli relations between the th two ivo nations severed until lat late in alie year the soviet emissaries were active in liet pang tile the chinese civil war alive though their earis wc were re sr scarcely arcely needed when me tlc alc radical of the ch chinese inese nationalists afi a enlists 1 w ai v virtually I 1 rt suppressed by tty moderate wang the 4 bolsheviks had find so few friends left I 1 that they practically withdrew fr rom bin I 1 th the country the aar lb was rai I 1 I 1 aade an international affair he aty tacks on foreigners 1 and foreign con if I 1 cession ces sand and tile threats the treib parts brt american BrI fIgh p j french Fren cli and japanese Jopa neso fofe forces es were pent gent there and are still there or the end of the he conflict is not in bight it was e complicated pru by japans deter I 1 A Z r 11 I 1 ruination ton to protect her nationals and largo large interests in manchuria no china could be made by the powers for there was wag no D real central government of that distracted country r 1 Gerni germany any kept up her reparations ream aliens payments and her relations with T franco ranco were bettered by a commercial treaty and semiprivate semi private I 1 trade pacts on january 31 tle the commission turned over the control of gel man disarmament to the league of ofa nations and in august france agreed to reduce the occupational forces in ili the france and yugo signed a fieney treaty which Pre premier riller mussolini thought was aimed at ifal italy so he retaliated witha with a military pact between italy and albania Allian lit which i lie le frankly stated was designed to mal I 1 italian control of 02 the adriatic there was much ill feet feel ins ing but blit little apparent danger of hostilities tili ties opt so much could be said tor foe tile the trouble between poland and lithuania fila each of bf these nations accused the other of fomenting plots against it and tile lithuanians Lithuania ns believed premier had designs on their 7 independence hi lence sire seizure of vilna by poland several years ago agoras was theun the underlying der cause dause of the row marshal ills ill budski and premier premier Waide marns of lithuania went to to geneva and were persuaded dedio to make a temporary peace a agreement re ement the details of a penna parma nent pact to be worked out inter hiter 1 I 1 FOREIGN great britain slowly but steadily recovered from the lie effects of the loa long g coal strike what that conflict did to the pie country was indicated by the fact that thai in Janu january urY for the first time I 1 h n ninny many years the real balance balanca of trade ayvas was against the british the deficit amounting to in april the government govern igent introduced a bill to amend rather drastically the law re faung to trade unions and strikes S the measure was waa supported by the conservatives as necessary for the de alise of the existing political and social system but it was assailed bitterly by all the forces of labor who asserted it was designed not to protect hect the state but to take away aft ay the rights w won onby by the workers and to destroy the unions after many weeks of violent debate debah the measure gork coir modi modified fled was p passed alis 63 another plan 0 of the go eminent pro cujune in lu june was wa to reduce the number berof of peers in th the house eliouse of lof lords and at the same time to so strengthen the powers potters of that chamber that it would be an impregnable defense against the groi growing virg I 1 power of ot labor I 1 this was so strongly opposed by the socialists anti and lab lu orlney that the scheme was as abandoned for the present jn in april chun bellor llort ce af pf thol tho chequer Us churchill in I 1 budget aoi tiff year de dd signed to meet a deficit of its proposals s showed that alint despite tier her enormous burdens great britaina Brit ains financial p position was fundamentally sound when tile dall dail elreane or parliament of t the irish free state met in i june de batera and forty fort four of I 1 his is ion followers owerA 4 were ere excluded because they refused to take tako ali tha oath of alle allegiance glance to king george G earge later they changed their and were adre sworn in the general elections election sAh in september gave tile the government a plurality of six votes notes and president cosgrave was pas rejected c acted in ju july i li ireland was shocked by the assassination of kevin ohle gins vice aco president and minister of justice the the murderers were ere not caught I 1 canadas importance was consider I 1 ably amplified by her election as a member of the council of the league of 0 nations senator raoul dandurand being given the seat and by the sending of un Aili american erkAu minister to ottawa in tile the person of william phillips on july 1 the dominion celebrated 06 sixtieth anniversary of its birth as a self felt governing unit of tile the british empire ontario abandoned prohibition i and on june jun e 1 1 substituted the system ot of selling liquor tu in government ato stores res to persons possessing permits prince edward island the smallest of the provinces voted in june to remain r 1 dry that F france rance Is still nervously afraid of attacks from the east was made plain when the superior war council in F february annot announced itice d plans for foe the construction cons of defenses on the german and italian frontiers calling for the ilie expenditure of seven billion francs frau cs the project will give france the most formidable frontier de defenses la in europe parliament passed tk a IIII 1111 in march providing tor for na nationalization alo n ail z allon of ill all needful industry in time of war and in april ap ril president planed a bill under which I 1 frane frane will build i one cruiser six be alve submarines and other war craft premier oln care despite constant constantos opposition in parliament maintained his prestige and hla his financial measures proved to so successful that many won dered why he ha did not proceed to the stabilization of the franc under the firm liand of mussolini tho ther fascist faints t state of oc italy began to function fully in 1927 measures that allou though g I 1 i revere se seem eni wholesome were put la 1 force from time to time tim e and tile allys country prospered beyond dental denial of the he detractors of the duce in april the premier proclaimed a fascist charter of labor which was re carded jis a substitution of the principle ell 1 icv of vo operation aeration for that of competition find and thus ibus a stop step in the abo jitian of class claas ct Ei ruggle king ferdinand of lt rumania died on july 20 00 and his grandson the infant was proclaimed almed ills his successor sur cessor under ft regency friends of ca carol 1 rol former crown prince and father of the child king kling stirred up cp a lot of excitement e and trouble with schemes to bring him back from exile andrul him I 1 11 7 I 1 on afie throne but little came of it in november premier ionel Brat bratland lano unrelenting enemy of card died nud and was succeeded temporarily by his him brother bloody revolts by communists in vienna anday and by royalists in portugal dl were suppressed in iche the summer in soviet russia stalin and life his associates undertook to squelch utterly tile the opposition faction and leon n Trotz fey and his followers were expelled from the communist party president calles of mexico continued hla his suppression of tho the catholic opponents po rients to his rule rate many prelates pr elates were arrested on charges of sedition and in april archbishop morn alora y del rio and others were expelled from the tha country medicos cos most serious revolutionary movement come came in october and was led by generals gomez and serrano both rivals of general obregon for the presidency fregi denck within a few weeks the movement had beenen factually put down and gomez serrano and many others lidd had been executed by firing squads president deni fig borok of omle was mas forced out of office jy by premier r ibanez who was laier elected to succeed him virtual jitu a f collapse c 0 of the revolution I 1 in n china so for far as achieving its objectives was concerned marked afi the year in tile oriental fe republic public trie tile nationalist party was waa hopelessly split into factions while Al marshal arshal C maintained ills his supremacy i prean cy in in peling and was reported to be preparing to proclaim himself emperor the civil warfare wenton went on unceasingly definite result t lt I 1 DOMESTIC generally speaking conditions were conducive to ja ft prosperous year 1 in the tha united states industry and commerce flourished wid and the government piled up a huge reserve e that rn made aa a redaction tion eftaxes of oi taxes a certainty adverse features wore were the unprecedented floods in n th the e i mississippi valley stilley continued linued though somewhat ameliorated d jil in the agricultural 1 indus tries arle s uie the long coal strike in the bituminous tu minous a fields elds which was ended in ili several states in an the autumn and a strike of coal rn miners iners in calor colorado ado der ar leadership of the I 1 W W presidential vol politics flies occupied the minds of the people toa to a considerable extent president coolidge cooledge it was cc needed conceded could have the republican nomination lon for the asking but during ills his vacation in the black hills of south dakota lie he rather astonished astonish ja the nation by issuing the simple statement 11 1 I do not choose to run for president in 1028 1928 thus the race was made an open one though m many of sir mr Coolid admirers insisted V thai hal he would sc the bomin nomination ailon it drafted vy wold the party of af the ibe other t those oo 00 most st favora Wt v considered 0 lo 10 lowden d eail aeri s bert hoovey 0 r and and vice pr president es lt charlea dawes charles a hughes also was vms liked by bv mani many senator charles curtis of 0 kansas anno announced lilied that he was a cand candidate bdate ter fer theeonor the bonor and a bc boom om for foi senator george norris of nebraska was started by some of his 1113 fellow insurgents senator wills of ohio ill threw rew bis I hat at into the ring after the president in 16 december told the ithe national committee he had bad ellmina eliminated ina ted ellms himself jair I 1 kansas city was awarded the the republican publican national convention after a spirited contest with san Francl francisco so and the call was issued for june 12 al smith at lits his fourth gnau inauguration ns as governor of new york declared ills candidacy for the democratic nomination and throughout the year he seemed to gaan steadily in strength of course most of the drys in his party opposed him and biek sought tor for a rival rhal candidate to take the place of W 0 mcadoo cAdoo BI the best they could find apparently was vas senator james jamea reed of 0 f missouri I 1 in february congress passed the |