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Show PIUTE COUNTY NEWS. JUNCTION, UTAH (r3 VM f mwm QgcMri) Grandson anclRivaH of Daniel Boone Deep Cultivation Harmful to Corn 8) Top Three Inches of Soil Contain Largest Amount of Plant Food. (Prepared by the Onlted Statea Department of Agriculture.) of the corn The ka-lic- k, ka-lic- k, planter has ceased its musical tattoo for the season and has be&i backed into the shed. If there were no weed reeds Just under the surface of the soil lying In wait for favorable corn-pickin- 3E&&TS GZDZtZKZ' By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN OUNUII, GROVE, will ct1 lob rate its conton-nia- l It was August there, one hundred years ago, that the United States government took o recognizance, of the Santa Fe Trail by making a treaty with the Pawnee and Osage Indians for the unmolested passage of the caravans traveling between Missouri and New Mexico. So, in a sense, it is t tie centennial of the Santa Fe Trail. Tills summer the Boone family of the Inited States gathered in Kentucky in celebration of the anniversary of t he settlement of that state by Daniel Boone. It is an interesting coincidence that the Santa Fe Trail celebration should call public attention to Daniel Boones grandson and rival in puldic estimation as woodman, hunter, scout and Indian-fighte- r Christopher Carson. For the Santa Fe Trail without Kit Carson is like Hamlet" with llamlet out. This centemdal of the Santa Fe Trail really opens up the whole story of the winning of the West. For the Santa Fe Trail led to the acquisition of Texas, the Mexican War, the occupation of California, the Overland Mail, the Pony Express and the meeting of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific at Ogden. And for forty years Kit Carson had a hand in it all. First he was identified with Dents Fort n the Arkansas in Colorado, the famous trading post of the famous Dent Drothers In Its time the most famous of all he trading posts west of the Mississippi. Successively he won fame as an explorer ; ns guide for Fremont and his right-hanman in the California expedition; as scout nnd dispatch-bearens Indian agent and as United States Army ofiicer. Possibly no frontiersman had more to do with settling the West. Certainly no man had more Influence for peace with the Indians. Here is a brief chronology that hints at his many activities: 1809 Born In Madison county, Kentucky; 1811, taken to Howard county, Missouri; 1824, apprenticed to saddler V d r; Franklin. Ran away to join Santa Fe caravan; 1828. settled tn Taos, N. M. 1829 Trapping; trip to San Francisco bay; 1830-3trapping in Rockies and Northwest. 1832-4- 0 Hunter for Bents fort, Colorado. 1842-4- 4 Guide for Fremont; 1845, with Fremont In California. 1846-4- 3 Three round trips, California to Washington, with dispatches. 1853 Drove 6,500 sheep. New Mexico to California. 1854 Indian agent for New Mexico. ; 1862-6- 4 and Fought Confederates Navajos; colonel First Regiment New Mexico Volunteers; breveted brigadier general. 1868 Visited Washington with deputation of Indians; died at Fort Lyon, 1826 2, Colo. g These experiments Indicate clearly that the deep cultivation is harmful. Cultivation should be as shallow as possible, although deep stirring is less Injurious at the first cultivation than later. The feeder roots of the corn plant leave the stalk about two Inches below the surface of the soil no matter how deep the grain has been Plowing' close to the stalk planted. and deeper than these roots Injures many of these roots and results In decreased yields. It appears, says the United States Department of Agriculture, that the top three inches of soil contains more available plant food than that further down and that it Is of more 'alue as a feeding ground for corn roots than as a mulch. Cultivation that mutilates this mass of roots in the top soil not only removes the connection of the corn plant with this rich source of plant food tut destroys Its natural watergathering system. From the great number of experimental studies that have been made it would seem that the cultivation problem In the corn belt Is to kill weeds ns economically and as easily ns possible without plowing so deep as to do harm to the plant In any way nnd without making the surface soli unavailable to the roots for feeding purposes. Some of our present Implements for cultivation are designed primarily to produce a mulch and stir the ground. There are many, however, tha. have been designed with special reference to weed control, such harns the weeder, the spring-tootLocal row, and the surface cultivator. conditions will determine which of these can be used to the best h -- KAN., 10. In ger- minating conditions, the farmers work in the cornfield would be done for the summer. If there were no weeds there would be no need tc tune up the old cultivatir or cut a forked stick. Thr1 crop woulJ not again need his attention until time In the fall. He could turn his attention to other work about the farm, or he could cut himself a pole and go fishln, whichever was according to his Individual bent and his cornfield would still yield as many bushels of corn as It would have had he given It the traditional three times over with corn plow Cultivation Controls Weeds. At least some such conclusion might be arrived at from a study of the results of various tests by corn cultur-Ist- s to determine the real reason for Cultivation, they cultivating corn. agree, is chiefly for the purpose of controlling the weeds. In fact, weed eradication may te the only beneficial result from cultivation after planting. Nevertheless, there Is tiiat big little word If" to reckon with. We do have weed Eeeds and we will have weeds Soon the broad clean spaces between the rows of young corn will be covered with a mass of green weeds of every The cultivators will be description. unlimbered in feverish haste to attack the weeds and hold them in check while king corn gets the Jump on them. But thai: Is where the similarity of the operation ceases. One farmer will set ills shovels to plow os deeply as possible. He will burry across the Held so that he can start his plow on wHgF&jzzr d&R5azr zzvtzTgD the cross rows the main idea apparto get over the field Men enforced their ently being simply Col. Calvin D. Cowles, U. S. A., re- sonal encounters. the corn is knee before times three tired, of Hartford, Conn. a kinsman rights ns they saw them with rifle, to and high lay by. lie beready of Kit, is preparing a genealogy of the pistol and knife. At the annual rendezof a dust formation lieves the that Carson family, and says Kit was a vous of the duels to the is also a moisture mulch to retain born lighter. death were of common occurrence. to accomplish. thing It appears that William Carson, Yet Kits disposition was so peaceMust .reep Weeds Down. founder of the family, came from the able and his way so inoffensive ttiTlt As so as one had but he far known perlong as there are weeds, some north of Irelund settled in Pennsylof sort method will have to be used to was sonal encounter thrust and that about with 1740, vania, and, .migrated Rotating crops, the Doones and other families to North on him. In the early Thirties at a keep them down. Carolina. There he had abundant op- rendezvous In the Green River counpreventing weeds going to seed, and portunity for acquiring a taste for try of Wyoming a French trapper sowing seed that is free from weed fighting Indians, lie married Eleanor named Shunar pursued an Arapalio seed, are some of the other principles McDuff in North Carolina and had sev-- . maid, who appealed to Kit for pro- t hat will help to keep down weeds. en children, the oldest of whom was tection. She got it. Shunar there- An understanding of the fact that culLindsay, father of Kit, born In 1751. upon mounted and rode through the tivation Is principally for the purpose Lindsay moved to South Carolina rendezvous with his rille, announcing of killing the weeds and not to stir the nhout 17SC. In 1792 be took his fam- that he was looking for Kit. Kit was soil or provide a dust mulch, however, ily to Madison county, Kentucky. Ills instantly in the saddle. Doth men will modify methods of cultivation. Thirty-siyears ago the Illinois exwanderings stopped in 1S11, when he fired together. Shunars ball grazed made some tests In station established a home in Howard county, Kits scalp. Kits pistol ball shattered periment Missouri. He joined with other set- Shunars forearm and caused his which It was shown that if weeds were kept down by scraping with a hoe tlers In occupying Coopers fort, be- death. without any attempt at forming a dirt tween Fayette and Doonesboro, from Kit fell in love with the Arapaho the mulch, 1812 to 1S15. yield was the same as with maid and married her. She died after Kit was the tenth of the fourteen Kit had become famous. There was ordinary deep cultivation, and only children of Lindsay Carson. All the a daughter, Adaline. Kit took her to slightly less than with ordinary shallow cultivation. . sons of Lindsay, without exception, his old home in Missouri. Twenty years ago the United States went west after Indians and buffalo. The charming landscape Where Kit There are descendants scattered all Carson Trapped is a view from the Department of Agriculture made simover the Middle West and the Itocky front porch of my cabin in Tahosa ilar tests at a number of stations over the country and obtained similar reMountain region. Now that the Valley, 9,000 feet up in Itocky Mounis guarded on the reservations tain National park (the land was sults. Now the Illinois station has secured and the buffalo is about extinct, wrote bought from the government ten years some more figures which further subone of the Carsons, I am at a loss before the park was created). In the to know what their descendants will background is Long's Ieak, King of stantiate the former tests. As an av24 years of experiments at do for pastime. the Rockies." Kit trapped there with erage of a field was found that that station it So it may be, as Colonel Cowles two companions the winter of 1S30-3In which the weeds were resays, that Kit was a born fighter, but In 1S75 walls of hl& 8 by 10 log cabin of corn moved by scraping them off with a hoo iie did not look the part. To'be sure, were still standing and the stone chima the portrait reproduced from a paint- ney and fireplace were intact. Wan- gave yield almost exnctly the same as a field cultivated with a surtace ing in the capitol at Denver does look ton campers burned the cabin ; somemost off of the stone rather warlike. body carried Anyway, this born fighter was a work. To protect the spot I set up blond, with a soft a great slab of pine, appropriately little, voice and a gentle disposition. He carved. was only five feet six inches tall, his Other changes wrought by a century legs being too short for the rest of of settlement and civilization are him. lie was strongly built, with long worth noting. Kit probably took heavy Best Way to Preserve Buildarms, and weighed about 1G0 pounds. toll of the beaver, but they grew Ills complexion and hair were rather many again. The level land shown ings and Implements. light and ids eyes were blue. He was was all made bv the filling of the United States Department honest, reticent and modest. beaver ponds with silt. The stream, (Prepared by the of Agriculture.) The Indians called Kit flows which still among the willows, Improves appearance, but Little Chief. They feared him, It is was in Kits day considerable. When thePainting chief purpose of painting on the true, because of his efficiency as a Estes Park became a summer resort farm is to .preserve buildings, fences, in Tahosa Valley went and fighting man. But they respected him a from the effects of Implements for his honesty, fair dealing and threw a dam across and the weather. Interior painting is usualpeaceableness, and they loved him for diverted a large part of Its flow to ly done to make the home more attracthis friendliness. lie spoke their lan- his own needs. Trappers incessantly ive, but It also serves a useful purguage, visited them and played with kept after the beaver until only eight pose in making walls and ceilings more their children the last a sure road to individuals were known to exist in the and dark rooms lighter. Painttheir favor. In time he came to know many streams of the region. Then the sanitary at regular Intervals, says the ing their habits and customs, their ways settlers waged war on the trappers. United States Department of Agriculof thinking, their mode of warfare. Rocky Mountain National park, estabis the cheapest way to keep ture, They knew that he knew and In that lished in 1915, automatically became buildings and Implements in good conlay his influence for peace. Many a wild-lif- e sanctuary. Now the beaver dition. times he acted as mediator .and pre- are back in numbers on the very A of the different kinds vented bloody battles among the stream Kit Carson trapped almost a of knowledge and their particular adaptapaint tribes. As Indian agent he headed off century ago. Their dams have made bility is a great advantage to the farmmany an uprising. three sizeable ponds In my front yard. er who wishes to do his own work. Kits early days as hunter and Sometimes I almost wish Kit would The department has published trapper were a time of savage per come back to save my aspens. ers Bulletin 1452 for the express pur cultivator. Deep cultivation gave a of one to two bushels less on the average than either shallow cultivation or scraping with a hoe. Many deep cultivations decreased the yield further. Deep Cultivation Harmful. yield fur-trad- er x fn-dia- n bow-legge- Most Opportune Time to Cut Soy Beans for Hay "Soy beans may be cnt for hay at nny time between the full bloom stage, which usually comes between July 15 nnd August 15, and the stage when the leaves begin to turn yellow, some four to six weeks later, says C. J. Willard, of the Ohio experiment station. Yield, ease of curing and quality of hay will mainly determine the time to cut. Tlie largest yield obtainable at one cutting is secured by cutting when of the leaves are yelIn one typical test at the university, these were the results: When cut July 25, at full bloom, yield was 3,700 pounds an acre; cut August 8, with pods well formed, 5,700 pounds an acre; cut August 29, with beans half grown, 6,500 pounds an acre; cut September 12, with of the leaves yellow, 7,400 pounds an acre. about one-fourt- h low. one-four- th Starting Young Calves Some dairymen take away from their mothers the calves after the first day, while others leave them for four or five days. The early weaning is perhaps most desirable, provided the herd is being handled by an expert. However, if the herdsman is not an expert. It is much safer to leave the calf with Its mother a few days longer. The danger of starting indigestion may come from the calf drinking milk too rapidly from a bucket. CAREFULLY SELECT RIGHT PAINT FOR EACH- SEPARATE FARM JOB d hotel-keep- er the farmer to select the right paint for the particular Job at hand. It gives directions for mixing paint, for preparing surfaces, and for applying the paint. Full directions for making and applying several kinds of whitewash are included also. Painting should not be put off too long. If wood has begun to rot or Iron has begun to rust, the rotting and rusting will continue after the paint has been applied. Moreover, the longer painting Is delayed, the more difficult and expensive It becomes. A copy of the bulletin may be had free of charge, as long as the supply lasts, upon request to the United States Department of Agriculture, Washingpose of helping ton, D. C. Early cut hay Is best for dairy catGreater milk production and healthier cattle will result Clover is best when cut at or Just before the full bloom stag tle. |