Show ww A aed nan 1 J v 4 ill M t 1 u 4 adnew P state fa a aff 0 g yae we aw romily lplez T R aft A V fla R WA W A Y K xa t W M A M 4 4 ELMO MO SCOTT W A I 1 SO i EN the 01 in 1018 1919 k l e friday in robe 1 Rr Ind fUday day liw apo nori 10 v J july U ai 28 elhat year approved the ibe the day as a s iti taddy a decidedly for war stepas taken in paying a just tribute to a race which has great greatly Y enriched our national tra the first celebration of amerl tan can indian day in illinois which brought together representatives from 14 tribes saw also the first meeting of the indian fellowship league an association fostered by various civic and patriotic organizations in chicago the purpose of the league was the promotion of more cordial relations and a better understanding between the two races by bringing to the attention of the whites the many accomplishments of the indian and by giving the indian a better idea of amer ainer lean life as he must live it in order to become an effective citizen since this first celebration seven years ago the event has been observed annually in illinois and the idea of american indian day has spread to other states although it has not yet become as a general holiday it Is indicative of an increasing interest in the indian and that Jin terest has been added to by various large gatherings of red men from time to time in recent years which have attracted national attention notable among these have been the big reunion held in tulsa okla in 1924 under the auspices of the society of oklahoma indians was attended by more than member of tribes in the united states canada and mexico the meeting of the first national indian congress at spokane Sp wash in 1925 where 80 30 tribes were represented and the big powwow pow wow at lawrence kan last year when indians from all parts of the country gathered for the dedication of a new stadium at haskell indian institute dr hubert wort work secretary of the interior who was the principal speaker at the haskell dedication declared that the even twos a forecast of further development of indian progress he pointed out the fact that the stadium project which was financed entirely by indians especially the older indians was the first united effort of the red race to advance in an modern modem sports since one of the greatest battles in the educational campaign among the indians has been against ill health and disease he be looked upon the fact that the indian realized the wisdom of providing for physical education as significant of even greater progress to be made by the red race in the coming years ire while at all of these gatherings there were enough councils and ceremonials barbecues and S M native games native songs and dances tepees and tribal costumes to be reminiscent of the old days when the indian ruled the continent yet the V I 1 fact act about these meetings was that they were dominated by a new style of noble red VI man an a and ad that mai the underlying purpose of all was for the representatives of the various tribes to confer on how the indian shall meet the problems 53 modern life when he be as a part of the citizen phlp of the united states Is confronted with y them in the old days the indians leaders led aft 4 eherd la in ways of war in these days they are arc tw leading their brethren la in ways of pence peace pe Pet f r I 1 laps a p a noir bemore 6 striking contrast between the t nobl ird q mangold P old style and new style can VP V i P beel iown thai inthe case of two indians whose I 1 i appear above one of them Is kicking abcar ai teton sioux a typical amt 4 Mt A tf 0 I 1 1 N k 0 o 1 IM M ma n M JA war leader of the oba days dais and the other to la francis 1 le flesche of the omaha tribe who was recently given the honorary degree of doctor docto of letters letterer from the university of nebraska kicking bear mato bear born in a sioux tepee somewhere in the dakotas da betas fought with his people the sioux against the white man in the early plains wars wan and was among those whom the campaigning of gen nelson A miles allies drove across the canadian border in the sioux war of 1870 77 after the custer battle in 1879 kicking bear returned to the united states and surrendered to miles and he and his people were placed on the cheyenne river reservation in south dakota late in the eighties an indian fanatic in nevada named or jack wilson began preaching the coming of an indian messiah who was to wipe out the white race and restore the land to the indians delegations from various tribes visited him and were taught the ghost dance in ISM 1800 the ghost dance religion had bad spread to the sioux and short bull of the brutes atad kicking bear became becam its high priests when some of the agents for the sioux lost control of their charges during this religious excitement troops were ordered into the country and the so co called ghost dance war the high lights of which were the killing of sitting bull and the wounded knee tragedy followed upon the arrival of the troops some of the sioux stampeded to the bad lands and defied the soldiers and kicking hear bear was the principal leader of these ho hostiles bost stiles lles just as he be bad been the leader anabe in the ghost dance da ice eventually however the ho stiles were overawed over awed by the number of troops in the field and were forced to come in to the agency and surrender to general miles who was in charge of the military kicking bear and short but bull with several others were held as hostages tor for the good conduct of the sioux and later sent to port fort sheridan ili III ni as prisoners of war so kicking bull goes down in history as the principal leader in the lest last gesture of defiance de flance against the white man made by one of the he old time type of sioux war leaders frances la JA flesche esche also was born in an indian tepee on the plains of nebraska lie he was the son eon of Est amaza head bead chief of the and altho although ugh re as ft a boy of fifteen he was riding to the buffalo bunts with his people and thing an aboriginal life even though it was spent on the reservation of the On tabas his bis footsteps were turned in the paths of pence peace lie ile attended a presbyterian by terian terlan mission school on the reservation and there laid the foundation of his later education in 1878 79 he accompanied nevin panted the ponca chief standing bear on his eastern tour and interpreted his presentation of the wrongs his people bad suffered in the removal from their homes in south dakota during an investigation of the ponca removal by a committee of 0 the senate la IX moselle flesche served again as interpreter and attracted the attention of the chairman senator of iowa by the impartial manner in which be b performed med his work when senator kirkwood became secretary of the interior in IM 1881 he called la flesche to washington and rave gave him a position in the office of indian affairs a position which he held for more than thirty years yeara during this time he continued with his education and in 1893 was graduated from the national university law school he also became interested in the study of the history religion and folklore of his tribe the and collected a great amount of material on the wb sub sect which was published by the bureau I 1 of f aberl american kan ethnology of the institution n tie he has made ethnological collections for a number of institutions of df learning nod and Is 1 a member of several learned societies it Is such indians indiana as francis la flesche who are the noble red men new style others of his bis kind are dr charles A eastman of the sioux noted as a doctor author and lecturer the late dr carlos montezuma of the apaches another physician writer and lecturer rev joseph I 1 ac griffis chief tabon of the klowas a minister and author dr sherman coolidge of the arapa hoes who holds bolds a high position in the episcopal church chauncey yellow robe of the sioux who recently initiated president coolidge into his tribe and who la Is head bead of an indian school at rapid city S D chief red fox of the Blac feet thomas L sloan of the and a host ot of ot others fiers all of whom have risen high h their respective professions most of f them have been actively engaged in the fight waged foi citizenship for their people and they have sees their efforts rewarded in recent years the struggle for citizenship has been a loot loni one As far back as 1817 provision was mado mad in a treaty with the cherokees Cheroke cs by which say any member ut of the tribe who desired might become a citizen of the united states the united staten stat supreme court ruled that the fourteenth amendment to the constitution did not confer upon theIn the indian dlan by severing his bis tribal relations the th right to become a citizen no general law provided it a means for citizenship of all indians until 1887 when congress passed the general allotment act which provided for the allotment of lands in severalty severally and declied d all indians born bora within its limits who shall have complied with certain conditions to be citizens of the united states the broad citizenship provisions of this act were modified by congress when on may mav 8 1001 it passed the burke act since the enactment of this law the issuance of a fee simple patent has ban boen ben the primary legal requirement for citizenship of indians it rests with congress to determine when and bow the tribal relation may be dissolved and tb guardianship brought to an end and whether th emancipation shall at first be complete or only partial the supreme court of the united states has stated that citizenship Is not incompatible with tribal existence or continued guardianship and so eo they may be conferred without completely emancipating ci the indians or placing them beyond ohp reach of congressional regulations adopted for their protection the progress of the indian iddinn in modern modem times has been greatly aided by the united states board of indian commissioners first organ organized in 1801 under a law which provided tor for the appo by the president of ten men eminent for their intelligence and philanthropy to serve without pecuniary compensation the present board Is composed of george vaux jr philadelphia chair man warren K moorehead Moore hend andover mean samuel saumuel A eliot boston ston prank frank knox manchester N H daniel smiley mohonk loke lake N Y hugh L U scott princeton N J clement 8 savannah ga flora warren seymour chicago john J sullivan philadelphia malcolm mcdowell washington secretary and earl y henderson assistant secretary in the photograph above e are shown left to right samuel A eliot pam cambridge bridge mass masa gen hugh L scott princeton Prin celon y N J the late 11 11 aber chicago mrs flora warren seymour chicago malcolm alcolm AI uc ilo dowell don ell secretary of the board Wash washington lugton D 41 and daniel smiley mohonk uke lake N Y t isk |