Show in P R 9 ek 77 4 ft has been the habit of brutal police officers to wring w ri ng a confession of crime from a suspected person by torturing him until in desperation he told something just fust to get relief the newest tice in this me thodis method methods is called the silent third degree descar described abed here that you went to a strange city next dext week to hunt bunt tt a job aud abd that by sheer accident cl you were picked up by the police as a suspected murderer inasmuch as you would have no ak acquaintances it would be very hard bard for you to prove an i alibi so bo likely as not the being quite as eager to give evidence of their alertness by securing a conviction as to get atthe at the truth and secure justice would give you what they call the third degree according to a writer in the new york herald with the third degree the public Is well acquainted through short stories articles novels aad the drama but there has developed of recer recent aay years ears a test more grimly nerve racking m more ore rushing crushing and relent relentless lesti the silent third degree liell to the study of which s arid and psych psychologists olo are giving much time and thought in the OP opinion of some tt Is more unjust than the of older or form of bullying questioning others declare I 1 that it Is a true test one which wrings the truth from the subject more certainly thinly than all tb the e questioning It in the world and he goes on to explain how the silent third degree works the mcnamara case one ode of the most notable cases of the practice of the silent third degree was in the los an angelica angeles geles times dynamiting case james jades B mcnamara was on trial the prosecution rose cution ba had I 1 d developed a strong case against him but the mans nerve was wonderful it was samuel L browne brown chief odthe los angeles secret service bureau who directed the gi groell ng dally daily presentation of witnesses who spoke not nor were spoken to but who merely filed into the court courtroom room caught the eye of J B mcnamara aara shot him a glance of recognition and then unquestioned by counsel for either side left the room women with whom mcnamara had asso associated associate clate hotel clerks who had find seen him register under binde j If filse names caliman cabmen who had bad driven him to places where detectives contended he hadgmet had met I 1 fellow conspirators in the dynamite plot all these were marshaled marshal edby by the secret service men on and paraded before be fore the pil prisoner vividly realistic realistically aIly almost as it if with ti a moving picture film each step in 16 the accused dyna miters journey from indianapolis to los angeles each stage of development of the plot was I 1 called to his mind andi and what wha was worse there was was the suggestion that the pro prosecution S elution kne kaev w all jevery every time three or four J P mcnamara knew could testify damagingly aiala against him entered the courtroom courtr pom and bowed to him in recognition the thought though was crushingly impressed upon his mind that another step in his career was known one of these silent witnesses was the mall clerk who had time and again handed mall mail to man mcnamara i fit at the general delivery window ind and had known him aej B bryce imagine ne the effect on the guilty man when he saw that the mall mail clerk i rec recognized recognize ed him I 1 there were cabeen cabmen who ba had d dri driven ven mcnamara ra about and one of them had quarreled with him finally a woman plain and rather shabbily dressed white and timid mid was ushered into the courtroom she sat in one of the front seats and gazed at J B mcnamara how the silent third degree works that woman had sold him wrapping paper in her store and in her presence he be had wrapped sticks of dynamite in it As the supreme test the crushing denouement mcnamara was confronted hy by thelast the last living person who had veen cen him before the dynamite explosion it was the bartender who had bad sold mcnamara a drink just before he slipped through the swinging door of the saloon back into ink alley and placed the dynamite which destroyed 22 lives ill 1111 tell you what this silent third degree does docs it wakens a mans conscience the underlying principle that makes it lt effective said george S dougherty formerly in charge of I 1 the new york police detective bureau look here ill tell you how it works A man Is arrested for a grave crime murder perhaps he sees seep no lie witnesses when he be is arrested rested ile he Js Is at bay abny fighting for tits his liberty Ti laybe for his life ile he steels steela himself and throws about him an armor of bravado or unconcern or taciturnity his nerves are like steel fibers and you cant chake them if you should bully him lie he would become sullen and resistive it if you should tb he would become deglint defont HP might be open to reason but suppose he were not when he Is arraigned before a there may be several witnesses there whom he recognizes and who he knows will recognize him when he be has fins been first arrested he hehns told his mother and his wife and his friends that he be la Is innocent the lie he means nothing to him then but aben he sees nil all these witnesses who are ire connected necked with its his crime in different ways he begins to realize that he may be forced to admit his guilt and ahat that these persons are going to ninke him out n liar flar before the friends and relatives who hove have stuck by him that Is the beginning of the break and it reaches a type of ann you cant bulwer bully or hoodwink into a confession setting stage for geidel on july julya 27 1911 willin Vl lIlam ali H Ji jackson ickson a broker of new york ans found murdered IR in his room nt at the iroquois hotel botel in the heart of the he club district of new york city ile he had been beaten and strangled and a bottle which had contained chloroform roford iwas w as found on the pre premises misek A i U i I 1 about the only information the police were at first able to develop was the fact that the murderer must have entered the room from the fire escape there did not seem to be the lightest evidence eviden ceas as to the identity of the intruder the bottle which contained the traces trace of chloroform bore a label however and detectives working on the case traced it to a druggist in newark this man stated that he had sold the drug to aars a mrs kane and gave her address in lunew new york city to them meanwhile police wor working kingin in the iho city had bad become suspicious of paul geidel a bellboy who i i had been bals discharged char ged from froin the iroquois a few days previously when they learned that he was living in a room which he be rented in mrs kanep apartment their suspicions were strengthened b but u t there was as yet nothing on which kohold to hold the boy he had bad not been seen by anyone on the t premises where the crime was wag committed since his discharge still certain information which came to td the hand band of george S dougherty nt at that time deputy police commissioner in charge of the detective bureau led him strongly to believe that geidel was s the murderer the deputy commissioner himself together with i detectives s thomas van vai twister find nick Reilly went to the apartments of mrs kane a pretty woman who earned a living as hairdresser di isser As ai they entered mrs kanes sitting room gaidel and patrick mcgrane another bellboy b loy ware were sitting with her dougherty told mrs kane that he wished to speak to her alone on an important matter the other men said nothing butt but two woof of them wen went tinto into adjoining rooms each with one of the two tw 0 b boys they tey each attempted to question their custodian but lie he would not speak not even admitting that he be was a detective detect lve although the youths known lt it and this silence multiplied their fears dearst mrs kane in a very frank manner admitted that she had bought the chloroform and said that she us used edat it in the treatment of hair have you still got that bottle of chloroform in the house asked dougherty no she said it las has gone where asked dougherty mrs kane at first hesitated but by adroit questioning que tho the commissioner learned tram from her that thai it had disappeared from the ilie shelf in the bathroom after learning all that he be cared to dougherty produced the bottle was that yours he asked mrs kane said that it was and became very much 6 alarmed the detective reassured her all I 1 want you to do said dougherty Is t to 0 answer my questions again just the way you have this time then he sent for mcgrane who was in the I 1 room with geidel after a few unimportant questions he hes said fild to mcgrane now all I 1 want you to do dois as Is to sit here har quietly dont soy say 4 a word and if geidel looks at you sou make no sign or sound unless you want to get into trouble mcgrane ali thoroughly frightened ten ed took his place on a chale chair the detec detective tle of offered ferel toj to him stepping to the table dougherty turned down the oil lamp which had a red shade then he drey the curt curtains shutting out tife the twilight which heightened the ithe effect of the red shaded lamp every bit of furniture was fifi placed feed by the detective so that the effect lie was striving for would be enhanced no nd stage director could have exercised greater care in the arrangement arr on gement of details he e sent for geidel licitly came in with him the bellboy was seated in a chair which directly faced thed thedoor the door dorto to the bathroom wh where ere dougherty Dou pherty had bad already replaced the empty bottle of chloroform I 1 mrs kane dougherty did you purchase linse a bottle of chloroform from a druggist in about ten days ago yes said the woman why did you yott get it 11 1 I use it in dressing hair mrs kane replied did paul know that you lind had this drug yes he fio did admitted mrs kane who was so seated that the light from the lamp shone on her head and fon features tures making them the roost most distinctive tive things tn 6 the room and geidel seemed unable e to take his eyes from her face he with a certain amount of bravado as the questioning ilo ning continued did paul ever say anything about the drug what Wha were hi his words swords mrs kane looked imploringly at geidel but elther either sheala she did not dare not to answer arher or her wish to tell we the truth was stronger than hei sympathy for the boy ile he asked me neif it there was enough chloroform in bottle to kill kil I 1 a nian man she sat sall 1 I told him there was and asked him why he wanted ot to know oh I 1 might want to td take some if things dont dont go right with me he be replied laughing and I 1 thought that he was merely joking tn in agrim a grim way Is thai that bottle still in your possess possession loh asked aske id the detective it Is said mrs kane at least leas I 1 have not net used the drug and it must be there where on the shelf in the bathroom y turning to I 1 Dorit koritnick nick reilly the detective asked him to jook forthe for the bottle geldens Gel dels face showed the first signs sign of alarm heres oll the ottle bottle said reilly put but it its 1 emp empty ty I 1 1 I houi sald said you used it it said Doug dougherty herti to mrs kane sharply the bellboys eyes started from their sockets her he I 1 h had believed the bottle destroyed or lost he sank in his chor chair mcgrane did not return the glance of inquiry his bis friend shot toward him how much dlithe did the dete detectives cUes kno know w geidel looked first firk atone at one face then another the reddish glow on mrs kanes features showed the anguish she was in I 1 paul linew knew she was fondon fon fond dof of him she jact must be suffering buffering so because she had bi been obliged to tell all she knew about the chloroform ma me granes features yvere were stolid geidel knew what he had told his ats friend and 0 0 o him this meant that the frie friend had betrayed him film reilly handed the bottle not to mrs kane but to paul geidel his tongue clove to the roof of his mouth he tried to td speak but bui could not so where you got the drug to kill jack son with Is it queried dougherty you lou are arc under arrest every glance every movement of the prisoner told of his bis guilt yet he did not speak the detectives tec tives did not press pres shim him with questions dougherty was content to let the setting he had and arranged the silent third degree degre work on his mind reilly took back the bottle which gelal geidel had bad been examining with the horror he would have shown had a deadly adder been placed wriggling in his hands they took him to police headquarters all the way downtown 1 geidel was living again the scene in the little room lit by the reddish gleam from the lamp A score of times he lived again that moment when the detec detective tle with horrible dramatic force had bad stepped out of bf the bathroom in his hand that bottle which the youth bad forgotten to destroy before he was sent to his cell geldert said to reilly 1 I ald it can they hang me for this geidel was convicted abel abe a experience an early foi fobb of the silent at third degree ogree in that no questions were asked L was practiced onabel onAbe on abe 1 san francisco political iral bok boss who was convicted of graft 4 was in im prison awaiting trial Wil william linin J burns was handling the case and was making evere every effort 1 t to wring a confession from the prisoner there was a keeper in the prison named mccarthy W who I 1 lo 10 WEIS was on duty near pell cell burns discontinued his calls and instructed this man inan to waken cueff every night at two sharp this mccarthy did ii by benging on we lie wallwitz nail wall with a heavy beavy stool the first few nights dill did not pay much attention to t be disturbance merely turning over and going to sleep again at last it go got i on hla his nerves he would jump off his cot at the first sound tind find demand dpn nind what was tant mccarthy would annice no reply relly anti and aneff would ruri run to the burred barred door of hl his cell and look out to see the keeper apparently asleep S sometimes omet lines lie he would waken the keeper keepe r and say Did rit you hear anything not a sound round mccorthy would answer tills this forini il i was kolle gone through night naghi after night I 1 until on on one leaped from bel bed to find y wide awake you heur heui anything at all asked tho the 1 prisoner 2 it L Noth No thin ln but bit yow talking in your dour sleep sold said mccarthy i what wa was a I 1 talking irig 00 about said alarmed the graft cases said mccarthy my heavens I 1 ia cried ruen ani 1 I my ml mind nd mus must t be getting unsettled I 1 want to see burns tomorrow next day the de detective called on the prisoner tried fled to bring graft ae cases but burns turned turner to oiher other subjects until jintil at last lueft broke down and half shouted look here bere burns youve got cof to tasted to io this I 1 ita my confession I 1 ill |