| Show THE WAR germany holds more territory in europe europ e than it did twelve months ago LOSER IN OTHER RESPECTS entente allies now hammering hard on all sides alde AUSTRIA SEEMS WEAKENING british naval blockade still effective after great battle of jutland chief developments of year in terrific world conflict PRESENT MILITARY AND NAVAL FORCES OP OF THE WARRING POWERS great britain statement less losses 4 france russia little definite known italy belgium serbia N me montenegro e i practically n none 0 portugal little definite deficit known japan apan 0 o only wi W officers i wa at front 00 atonal entente allies germany 5 COO austria u hungary 2 turkey bulgaria total central powers 1 TOTAL KILLED WOUNDED AND PRISONERS in consider considering ln the losses it must be remembered that many listed as an wounded are only slightly hurt and return to the front come some are wounded several successive times a and n d each time appear in the casualties russia france about killed great britain 11 italy italy belgium serbia total entente i germany estimated killed i austria hungary 2750 wo turkey burgaila Bul gaila I 1 total teutonic allie allies s grand gran total killed W wounded prisoners in the napoleonic wars 1793 1815 men were killed in the american civil war in the russo japanese war what the war wae Is costing the war Is now costing in direct governmental expenditure a day an hour a minute and 41 1270 a second the end ot 0 the second year of the great war finds the germans la in possession of more of europe than they hald held on august 1 1915 the first anniversary of the start of the great conflict this Is practically the only respect in which the situation Is more favorable to them russia her vast man power at last organized and furnished with implements of destruction in plenty Is bati battering ering the lines on the east and has already won back square miles great britain boasts five million men in her army tind navy france fights as strongly as eyer ever italy Is increasing her foral da bleness austria appears to be losing heart and efficiency bulgaria refuses to send re to the west or russian fronts turkey shows slight offensive power the british navy following the much disputed naval battle of jutland still shuts off germany from use of the seas one german merchant submarine has reached america but the supplies which can be carried over to the besieged nations in U boats will beof little account germany and austria both feel the pinch of hunger their armies are arc sufficiently fed but their Indus industrial triai workers complain of lack of nourishment the present harvest Is watched with arixie anxiety ty and ifft if it falls or Js Is only of size famine will stalk into the situation next spring or earlier germany seeks reasonable peace the german chancellor three times in the reichstag has offered peace to the entente on account of this formidable opposition hat has arisen to him at home although he Is the kaisers keisers kai sers other self his friends are rallying to his defense and on august 1 of the present year begins the curious wide lecture campaign to prepare uie the minds of the hitherto docile german people for a reasonable peace meanwhile with the sky brightening the entente allies reaffirm their resolution taker taken in the dark hours of last winter never to cease their efforts till germany Is crushed the not only must be beaten in war according to the he allied formula but must be repressed economically for many years after the a treaty of peace on august 1 ajr 1915 the germans and Aut Aus rians trinus were in the midst of their brilliant campaign against russia the pincers were closing in irresistibly that day lublin an important city in southern bouthern poland tell wit mackensen with galicia conquered was pressing ng northward while on this the north side of the polish salient von van hindenburg boro bore with his host of flold flohil gray warriors e guns without az ammunition with nothing g except myriads of slav giants some of af whom resisted charges with sharpened sticks ln in their hands russia wag forced to fall back rapidly twice it seemed the flow flower acif of the czars azars army would be surrounded once nonce in the vicinity of warsaw an and dagala again intha great battle near vilna the tale of the taking of great towns grew almost tedious it seemed the germans would never never whether Vliet lier they did stop of their own accord or were finally checked by the russians Is not ye yet clear they settled down for the winter on a long line stretching from the baltic just west of riga southeast along the doln river and then almost due south through ale the marsh di district tf the doumanian Rou manian reawakening of russia on september 8 czar nicholas took command of all his armies in the field sending his cousin the grand duke nicholas to io the less important command of the caucasus operations with their little father tit at their head ead the russians forgot their long discouraging retreat millions of new young soldiers joined them drawn from dussias Rus sias great reservoir of human beings which produces three aud and a half million men of military age every year on september 10 the russians won a success near and Trem and two days later they drove theteus the teu tons back 14 miles in galleta in other parts of the front the germans were still seizing large slices of territory but their enemies were regaining their energy on september 20 the russians recaptured lutsk but were driven out in a short time on october 20 they recaptured Czartory czartorysky sk but they were vere not able to prevent pi event the germans storming later czar was lost and again taken by the czar january 8 meanwhile the conquest of serbia the greatest tragedy of the war e ex X hepting only the massacre of armenians Armen ians was being enacted invasion of serbia the real invasion of serbia started in the first days of october A great diplomatic battle luid had been fought in sofia and the allies had lost on october 7 bulgaria in an ultimatum to te king peter of serbia peremptorily demanded the immediate cession of the macedonian lands in dispute between the two countries and then in the possession of the serbs gerbs after a general bombardment the crossed the river boundaries boun dailes of serbia in many places on october 8 two days later they occupied belgrade on the thirteenth bulgaria invaded her neighbor at three points the successes of the and the bulgarians Bulga rians were almost unbroken the invading forces consiA consisted ted of a vast amount of heavy artillery with small infantry supporting forces they shelled the serbians Serb Ser ians blans out of position after position in an avalanche of steel to which the serbians Serb ians dould could malse make no reply small forces of french and english landed at a greek port to which serbia had certain entry privileges and did something to cover the retreat of the serbians Serb Ser ians blans by engaging the bulgarians Bulga rians in the south at the beginning of winter november 22 the serbian ail soldiers crossed their western border and struck the trails of the dreary snow covered mountains of the coast great numbers perished of cold and hunger on the way on november 29 germany proudly announced that the serbian campaign had ended having met with complete compete success two blows to the british the winter also saw the humiliation of the british in mesopotamia the indian government recklessly pushed a small poorly supplied expedition up the tigris valley and actually penetrated to within seven miles of bagdad here the turks with german officers directing them administered a defeat and ana the invaders fell back with the enemy harassing them to the town of nut kut el cl amara where they were besieged december 10 another expedition also insufficient was sent to relieve the first it was beaten off with large losses a few miles below kut a flood of the river and swamps assisting the turks and on april 30 the defenders of nut kut capitulated by order of the british higher command A further british hum humiliation illation was the evacuation of gallipoli peninsula where the british held on doggedly month after month losing perhaps men until they were finally withdrawn tn in confession of failure the first week of january these two british flascoe fiascos were what was needed to arouse the sluggish fighting blood of john bull they finally brought england into the war fully and uncompromisingly to the same extent as the other great powers on august 10 great britain started her national register or census of all men of fighting age oga the result showed a vast reserve of roan man power certain sections demanded immediate conscription scrip tion but they were not successful instead the earl of derby was commissioned to start a vast recruiting campaign this produced a number of classes of attested men who bound themselves fes to come into the ranks with their age age groups but there were still hundreds of thousands and the public began to s A that it was discriminating ng in favor of the sl Bl ackers and the cowards on december 21 david lloyd george the minister of munitions and aind grea testman has bas produced in great britain declared the country faced defeat unless greater efforts were made A week later he threatened to resign from the cabinet unless conscription was adopted conscription was fiercely fought but on Ta nuary 0 a bill intro introducing it passed its first rending reading la in the house bouso of commons by a large majority tho the bill alfi was waa finally anally signed by king george may 26 allies get together their defeats finally taught ilie allies that their efforts must t be coor co or donated dina ted like their enemies es if they were to he be A n new ow war council aalthe all alie the allies represented met la in paris december 7 and itkind a kind of inte international general staff was organized gani zed it la known that gen general eral joseph jolure french conin commander iander in achte since mince the beginning of the war and the hero bero of the battle of the marne was the presiding ge genius tile the effects of the council were not to tobe be seen for several mouths months but now they are being realized in full measure to check a simultaneous allied offensive which they c eaily cearly saw coming the decided on two attacks of their own this follows tile the well known axiom of german mill mili tary strategy that the best defense Is an energetic attack the first of these offensive deafen was the attack on the french fortress of 0 verdun where the works were filicie subjected eted to ov ft whirlwind of fire beginning february uary 21 the gains of the first week were great and german critics foretold the m collapse of the french two of the defending forts vaux and Douai fell and important positions were talen west of the meuse river as well but joffre rallied his bis men in splendid fashion and sold boch yard of gro ground und at an awful cost tit in german blood step by step the crown princes men pushed forward hit but today they are still onore more than two nilles miles from the ruined fortress to town V it and the denst ance of the french Is as bistrong as ever austrian drive checked the second teutonic offensive was organized by the austrians Aust lans rians in fit the trentino and they struck in the direction of vicenza with the object of cutting off on the northern end of italy from the main portion on slay may 20 as the result of several days violent artillery firo fire followed by infantry rushes they were able to alie capture of Ital italians laus general count cadorna hurried about a hundred thousand men in motor cars to the scene while many more arrived on foot or trains just when it seemed the austrians Aust lans rians must reach the lov lowlands lands the counter attacks were delivered on june 30 rome announced a splendid victory in bloody fighting the austrians Aust lans rians perhaps weakened by drafts to bolster up their russian front were driven froid peak to peak almost to where their lines had stood throughout the winter in march the kusatani Rusa tani delivered vast but futile attacks on the german front at many points probably to distract attention from verdun the germans seemed to have been lulled into security by these efforts which they probably considered the best the czar could do but the tens of thousands of guv ovlee bodies lining the germans barbed wire were but a patter of rain compared with tile the storm that was brewing behind the russian lines at the beginning of june aine this storm broke with full force and following the principle of attacking the weakest point the austrians Aust lans rians holding the line from the marsh district southward were forced to bear abar the brunt of it dussias Rus sias big push millions of shells manufactured larg largely ely in british japanese and american factories blasted away wire trenches dugouts and observation points then the hordes of sibe rians ians cossacks Cofas acks and others swept over the field the austrians Aust lans rians could not withstand the impact and they gave way steadily june 0 general brusiloff Brus llon announced the capture of austrians Aust lans rians june 8 the number for the throe three succeeding days alone wits was and the numbers kept mounting until on july 20 general Shoo valen russian minister of war estimated the number of autro austro hungarland prisoners at the killed and wounded are untold but the number must be large enough to bring the total loss well over halt half dij a million Gerin german titi support was rushed to tile austrians Aust lans rians buethe but the foe captured lutsk and dubno and reached the land and lipa rivers in overrun overran all Buko Buk dwina to the Carpathia ns and sent patrols ol of cossacks into hungary to ravage the country that the czar Is anticipating further great gains of territory Is seen from dussias Rus sias action in mobilizing the males of the island of Sag hallen halien tur destan and one other district to build roads dig trenches and do other work of organizing the ground won allies alilee drive in n somme region almost a month to a day following the beginning of the great russian offensive french and british opened their drive in the vicinity of the somme river they have gained gradually but steadily and the official reports assert the losses of the attackers are comparatively small it Is also the claim of the lie allies that the franco british offensive can be kept up at its present rate indefinitely and will not have to be slackened for lack of shells guns or men vie the rate of progress Is much greater than the Germans at verdun but theroun the country traversed Is less difficult on the other hand band th tin verdun assailants have the advantage of attacking from the outside of a curve while the french and british now attack from inside the still ballout bailout but they have made tn in the line meanwhile the verdun offensive of the germans continues outside of europe the 04 germans have lost their cameroon colony on the west coast of africa defend ers having crossed into spanish territory and been interned the army of east africa sti still II 11 resists the converging columns of Bel belgians glans french and british but shift oll off froin re enforce indents its doom would seem to be sealed scaled on april 25 sir roger casement irish knight girled to land from u german warship an on the coast of ireland but was captured the next day it a revolt in dublin nna and other irish cities broke out and the center of the irish capital was burned the revolt was waa easily quelled the british announcing resistance lidd had ceased on may 1 more successful wits was the revolt of the arabs led by the grand she against their turkish overlords mecca medina and others towns have been captured and ire are held still probably with british assistance doings in the air recent |
