Show preserving TONE IN LOUD SPEAKER how this can be done and the maximum amount of amplification fi ficat ioa Obtain obtainer ej tile the loud speaker Is the ultimate rini aim of every radio novice as with oue one of these instruments greater range of the received signals is 18 obtained and the necessity of earing bearing the bend bead phones Is eliminated the loud speaker visa permits a greater number of people to bear the concert as with head phones the number hearing the concert Is limited to the supply of head phones laile abile with the amplification the number of people hearing the concert Is limited to the range of the device there are several problems involved tn in obtaining the maximum amount of amplification and yet at the same time pre preserving the original tone so that it will retain its pleasing qualities most of these problems are involved in A the maintenance of the quality of the received tone as it Is a comparatively dively simple matter to amplify the rece received led signal sufficiently in order to eliminate or minimize loud speaker distortion it Is necessary to know the causes involved the source of the trouble may be in the amplifier in the loud speaker itself or in both amplifier distortion may be caused by unequal voltage transformations in the coupling transformer tit at different radio frequencies by the operation of the amplifier tube at the wrong point of its characteristic and by overload in the tube to tile the point ot of saturation for good amplification of telephone signals als the inter stage transformer should be capable of giving a uniform transfer of voltage from about buo to cycles per second A good ninny many transformers now in we use do not do this and their oper operation atlon Is one of the principal causes for unsatisfactory signals for any particular plate voltage tage appl applied ed to the amplifier tube there Is a corresponding value of negative grid voltage which should be applied in order to operate upon a straight portion of the characteristic curve and thus secure uniform amplification for connecting to the loud speaker espe especially dally when using a power tube fur for tile the last stage it Is preferable to uee ue an intermediate transformer with the proper constants instead of ing ng the loud speaker directly in n the afi e tube plate circuit this thia keeps beeps winding and prevents tile the polarizing effect that it would have upon the diaphragm A two stage amp amplifier lIfler will generally give enough intensity to operate a loud fi in an aa ordinary living room while the loud speaker mechanism itself itself may be of the head telephone type with a suitable horn some receivers operate very well at moderate intensities but when very strong signals are applied to them they vibrate vim so violently that the daphna da phra m 9 hit bit the pole pieces and produce harsh sounds instead of good reproduction of the original signals to handle the proper amount of energy therefore the construction must be such that reasonably bly strong vibrations will not force the diaphragm racin to its limit of grael vie tie material wid and shape of the diaphragm tire are also important in determining ter the resultant tone qualities since whatever natural periods of vibration it may have will bring out certain tones in ili gi greater pater proportion than they should be to the remaining tones of a musical selection the size snape and material of the hom born are likewise important factors in the final result the high natural period of a small horn will tend to al the hig higher lier tones to the exclusion of the lower ones the tint terdal from which the horn born Is madd should be some substance which will not vibrate and produce rattling sounds thus we see that in order to produce a combination of amplifier mid and loud speaker which aich will give pleasing results it Is necessary to choose the various parts with care and assemble them so that they will ill give a true reproduction of the original signals signal |