Show HOW THE STORAGE BATTERY OPERATES operator must guard against an excessive rate of charge or discharge it Is 13 possible to form the plates of 0 OL lead storage battery by immersing lead plates in a 20 per cent solution tot lot sulphuric acid and continuously 9 going through the charging and dis dl charging process Ilo however wever this Is a long and tedious process to get oxide ot of lead on the positive plates by means of numerous charging and discharging cycles the oxide Is the active material Is 18 manufactured chemically and nd applied to the plates the body of manufactured plates Is cost cast from lead in such a manner manlier as to leave the surface hont honeycombed in this honeycombed surface of the plates Is forced a paste formed by mixing lead oxide with sulphuric acid after the plates are assembled with separators between they are ro placed in cont containers alue in an electrolyte consisting of a 20 per cent of sulphuric add acid the lead body of a storage battery plate simply sets arts as a holder or container for the active material the active materials mater lats in a lead storage battery are the lead peroxide on the positive plate the sponge lead of the negative plate and the sulphuric sulphur fe add acid electrolyte when a storage battery Is discharging that Is while a current Is being drawn from it a chemical action takes place in the battery the lead peroxide of the positive plate and the add acid of the electrolyte react to form fonn lead sulphate and water acid to Is more dense than water so that when fully charged tile the electrolyte lias has a density of 1275 to 1300 which means that the electrolyte Is 1275 to 13 23 times as heavy as an equal volume of water As the battery Is discharged and water Is formed by the chemical action the electrolyte becomes less dense finally when the density drops crops to to 1150 the battery reaches a point when charging la is nee weary emery thus thua the density of the electrolyte Is a measure of how much energy or r how tully fully charged the battery is the voltage of a battery Is also an indication jf of the degree of charie charge A ully charged battery should have in an open circuit voltage of 22 volts per tell tle tie voltage per cell should not be allowed to drop below 18 before re char charlong gong when a storage battery Is put on charge a direct current Is forced through the battery the chemical reaction that takes place during the ebar charging ging process la Is just ohp reverse of that which takes place during the process of discharging that Is to say the lead sulphate and water formed during the he discharge are converted back into lead peroxide and sulphuric add acid the formation of sulp sulphuric hurle acid during the charging process causes the density of the electrolyte to increase the density of the electrolyte of a fully charged battery is between 1275 and 1300 while the open circuit voltage per cell Is about 0 of course a n storage battery Is not per cent efficient which means flint the total ampere hours delivered to the battery during the char charging ing period will always exceed the total ampere hours houra drawn from froin rho th buttery battery evring the discharge period the voltage per cell and the specific gravity of tile electrolyte are the criterion v of the degrees of charge in the battery however I due to the fact that some of tile the lead gul sulphate phate Is 1 not readily converted into inlo lead peroxide and sulphuric 11 uric neld acid tt it is necessary at times to give the battery nn an overcharge that Is tile the charging cur cirit rn should be allowed to no flow after the battery has reached the charged condition until after several hours of constant ebar charging ging there Is no increase in the voltage per cell or the lie density of the electrolyte the value of the charging current Is determined by the manufacturers road and not be exceeded an ex aes ively high charging current will pause cause tin an increase in tile the rate of deterioration teri oration of the plates every time a buttery battery iq 1 charged or discharged a of active material on tle the plaits tumbled Tum blea and snips drops to the alie or of tile th cell assuming the same operating con cilins U iddis the die life of a storage battery Is a number of charges and dla din 0 it ages an excessive rate of charge or discharge will cause the battery to lit heat at baglole tile the plates ant and result in in 1 n amount of crumbling of if tl ta e material mitt erIaL in the extreme cu ke of a short circuit the plates of tile fie battery might be buckled to such on extent that an internal short cirul ault Is 19 formed in the battery to kiiru short circuits it Is well ell a lead plate storage bat tely alny to install a fuse in both battery b lends right near tile the terminals of tile battern batt li ilter erx loni donit under tinder any condition spark the buttery by placing a pair of pliers or a screw driver across tile lie terminals this will eventually ruin tle me buttery battery llie water will evaporate out of the of n buttery and should be ropi replaced need always alway add enough distilled veater ater to keep the electrolyte at least it ant a quarter of an inch above the th plates plate in ench each celt cell should Sharo old it boo b come necessary to clean out oot the COW nt at any time measure the specific ity of the old electrolyte by doina doln this no false readings of electrolyte density confound the tester us as to the condition of the newly cleaned bat tery when using a storage torn gis battery ill 1 connection with a radio receiver allow the battery to stand a time just after being charged before it la Is placed in usa ofie otherwise the unstable condition of tile the voltage will cause disagreeable noises in the head phones caused by the varying amplification of the tubes |