| Show aft TREATY E AT Y FRAMING IS SLOW PROCESS S negotiations of mortem modern cod covenants e that ended wars have often taken months INTRIGUE COMMON FEATURE great call e involved 1 in the settle ments of the last three centuries K keenest kaat minds mind of church church seek akhom advantage tag e new I 1 lork ork tile the making of treaties las W vs hell bein a time con continuing romill abc P brocca 13 iunce a the me it das 3 s then w lien I 1 the a lord havi or h con could it say my to ilia ble beaton az foe accept it these I 1 lerias or die then the of for e rod and ambition were the olly oily curb OR on the victor d demanda with th II 11 alie le sons 11 v ta or daughters or other relatives c at I 1 to 6 be a aruns in the game cle cution a or am mur rince ling tile hateful tinte ful lair hargain gl but with the d vel velnp ament ment of ru into to something more mom than the lot property of fit kings and emperors emperor find the broadening or of interim international 1 relations the resulting res clashes of af aetna often ofte lasting for sears were vere rarely IF b light to a boass except after negotiations that lasted lastell tor for weeks Ls or 0 over r the documents that set tied the mIl religions Almal political or terri questions at W issue H the keenest 1 minds us of church and state fought for idan tagi intrigues intrigue and ad secret its danli I 1 a normal incident of the bat t IP of at wits ahen more tian ban two countries hurc ere II involved Ived ui 1 the M I 1 dinv inv of till the pell peace tie alles of the 7 last three con I 1 A ire er the h land ad maiL of their period e ending mim or beginning on cre era in which alch the future deahl develop i P avent of peoples appleq or nations was defio josl determined peace of West westphalia phala such a briton bitton milting event was e the P jacc 11 of ill 1648 w which I 1 h the thirty year war the laft or of the geh great it I 1 conflicts inflict I 1 between ath bathol I bilson and beginning cs as a strife A between otwe german states III on religious lines late it finally in ed F france amne spain sweden par for tag the sw Sul Itz erland terland and many tallon italian antes aboc in 1641 preliminaries of p peace were agreed upon at Humbal hamburg it bv the al 81 ready wearied weaned contestants but it was waa tre three years ears before i a congress to set I 1 tit t tom was a opened and ad four years after that when bell first treaties atte were m areatta are owe signed at Osna Raud briick bruk and oil M bunster t e r town of westphalia A general and complete peace was its finally signed at munster on an october 24 1648 at at all la chapelle oo an me may 2 1668 1669 we was signed the that first boum treaty gnoun III bi the name ot of that to town A this u ans as tile the climax ot of I 1 the he struggle between france jn a and spain for the pos possession lon ot of tile the sarn f bunth R 0 on the it III or of philip IV ot of spot spain lou louis XIV claim claimed a it a III large part of 0 I 1 the a N nether the rma ith nice I 1 lands aads in the name of his wife a dangl daughter of philip the dutch butch 1 thinned alarmed by the preach french pretensions 1 aich we were backed by aggressive military action summoned ealand and rd sweden to her aid suit and halted the french mal a nuance under the tresty I 1 ouia kept portions of flanders bb rb which p ac P M his f forces had ovenus tin till peace of f H which was a feigned at the e dutch village a on it hie as iloth outskirts jeta of T the he hague 1 in 1617 end it ed a stra gele eie of nine also 3 ears A hot between 1 france and ad the grand allis alliance A a term n hi alch h ultimately included england lt holland it holy roman boman em am phe brandenburg BraD denburg sweden spain spa a l aiono and the palatinate A con gross gress of mi mio envoys O held sei dmm foDS dur due ng an ot of the at of 1697 and fin flail it ly a aon aan pit a treaty at A peace set ember her 20 till this virtually restored late it ad territorial horal matters tic to the status quo ante act but the chief result halt was tach to chead A lk the ambitions of louis under wb whose ase tat fule france had find become became the fira pat poker on an it the continent a taunt sap supplanting planting spain aleh J epoch making agree agreement 1 I the peace of utrecht nas the next great agreement between thill quarrel same home pan of fu fut europe t it was vas in fact a ties erlea of 0 agreements be between tuner he years 1711 and rd 1715 i that hint brought 1 to n lose close the war or of the spanish al cc cesin s nion known in america history lo in its afta late inter rpt apt us a Q queen anne annea war rr lo III p prevent car the union mum of pill and ad france and under bourbon rule cale wit ima iani III HI of 11 england formed far smother other grand alliance which included an aus lifa and several er german states including 0 prussia an armistice was concluded between france and eng told land in 1712 but it was nas not until own apoll 3 IS 1713 that peace was 11 at b tw en an trance on ma tile an one side and ad england on the ther oilier spain aag settled with R her he enemies in the next two tears lears A second H ad treaty of ax aix la in chapelle aigner I 1 gard october IS 18 1718 1719 in marked the he coull lan of the we war of the austrian succession haskin amah notable I 1 a for far the long and successful effort ot maria mach there therbia to keep her throne against a host of 0 I shoma first its of the treaties that vitally of at tested felted the future furore of north amer america ws that of at paris which ended the seven lears leara as war beginning with a it ruggle between prussia and austria the war re spread to the verman states rallia raffia fiance sweden england and P preliminaries of peace were e signed up on november 3 1762 but the definitive treaty was uns A not at consummated A till february 10 17 w ID 1 the settlement which was wag ot of a tar for rech reach mg ing bartic character har acter ter iranee brance lost C canada and lucli 1 of 1 her india pool possessions to ling land the tac antl latter also established her bar p on the seas J jut jt t 20 vears a jet later it RA was rag land a 9 fate to tn sigm a treats treat the dependence of her farrier american A gonles a and ad eiliv to nehe peace pe with ith etim 1 ranee and spain palo the A negotiations go vb which tell ended enda it tho the amerl ran re revolution lill were under way nay for elginn andar as months I 1 I 1 con jay Y and it 7 hp adams adael as Atter americas bat plenipotentiaries signed hard the preliminaries of peace on an august 80 11 1782 1111 but it 11 wai rom more thain im R year later Septer september siber 8 1783 that the definite treaty was to at versed treaty treaty of ghent at ancient on maich 27 1802 eng land ad signed a with spain P prance ranee and the Ba fai tavlan republic netherlands hajn the first best As ra pol conle successes were and rd accepted PA peace prelim I 1 auarles had been bee arranged it london nearly six months before the treaty of ghent closed the a second war of the united states mith w ath england required onor more than tha four mouths for far negotiations another treaty ot of paris had only a few months before may 80 30 1 3 4 but been signed by fr france A 1 with th all tile the one allies who had bad been bee fighting ito bonn ne parta part by it all 11 the territorial adeau taxes won by napoleon were oven given wap bulk back A at the same time provision was ra made A d e for the calling at vienna of a conference conal to settle the ill general of at fairs fain ot of europe and ills dla by the long vears of war th the congress og of vienna thus sum honed was as tile the most remarkable remar liable assemblage sem blage of its kind the world orld had e eier er sec seen all AH of europe except ept tur tio her was represented by delegates delegate the rumber of those who stated assisted at the gother mg being over flee five hundred opening on september 30 1814 it lasted until junto 9 1815 or rame more ethan than el eight I 1 lit months crowned heads bled ln in chiding there tairi e emperors emperor were in lt chem at vinous times tho an ex a arwina d or of ablin AW lin was M provided and raymold amid its it al the music d dp plonia ts of the epoch nd and ad cir ll 11 plad of intrigue the hii re ed entert betl de too of this 1111 defill the course conme of tat camen on for far 40 years celas th the war we was aladad tic by fincher 1 peaty ty of parts parla which admitted th the P porte joe the eu ell kopcan concert rod guo teed the in t of the or ottoman empire th the thi document was it signed pi d B merih tv JO 30 ka isa h lifter after nearly live five varies ask ft agath 0 hons th the settlement wi of 1871 th the H r franco am p prussian mot war was brought to As an red end when him prelim or of a re peace treaty w were c og agreed to at jul on an pl february beauty 25 iba the formal te was taken take up III by a vare eon areace at brussels bruised on an idah 28 signature of the be compact pact ana mccon plight at P frankfort on no may 10 0 tile negotiation Z s th thug u testing lasting six weeks after russia B overwhelming nue resa miss 1 in her war nor against turkey ft 8 she enforced severe terms by the treaty of san stefano fareh 3 1878 thereupon a congress colgia ss of the po powers ors was called at her berlin to settle t e questions involved in n that w ant AirI austria an and it cleat britain regarded as the un on do due aggrandizement of tile the petrograd Petro erad grad government this gathering which included A a its IT delegates deli dIll gates srah bart still d bismarck rod and met a on june jum IS 13 and ad closed it its labors just one month later the treaty hith w was s signed tripped stripped of a large share ot of I 1 the he fruits of he hep victory settlement of the annl ih american nor nar in 1898 required negotiations that lusted two months and ad nine till davs ahe first session of the eloys took place in parts paris on an october I 1 1 in let lato november there them seemed to tc be danger if a breaking off of the valley but the was va smoothed allied out ant and ad tile t treaty 17 was baled haled on december 10 it took 27 dais tor for the russian anra japanese delag ites to efreb reach h hn cut A at I 1 N H I 1 in isiel thus ending coding their comparatively in brief lef hut bit eA sanguinary AIrm war they hold bell the their pell meeting on august 9 and pene pence was slipped signed a on Pep september 5 first hg hague conference 11 it re was it in this same me year that the fiat peace conference was a held at rhe ila adasue R at the instance of th the P czar of lift 21 Europ european nur eam countries rod the URI united led statta states Fic mexico stra chi china japan persist nod slam blam sent seat depre catl senta tives ila to e confer 11 for with regard to concerted to 1 maintain g kenern cyal peace the first meeting of this con love clave which was hailed at the J time in ss is a highly promising effort tor for th the homent of w war A A wa s held on may A Y abaid oer 18 lang comel conclusions lda were re reached hud and ad a final act signed OR on jul jelv 29 the on ference having husi has lasted two months and el eleven day a even more impressive in the this char alter acter of A th the a personnel and ad the aart arl ous neis of ih the a deliberations im w was A the second ngu hague conference held in 1907 at the call of president Prest dent roosevelt porta six nations sent diplomats in ID ter national experts expect rod political lead era cre to this gathering and the mia ions accepted or at rejected by the various powers in the illaria discussion alan of tle the broad brand range of proposals proposal 1 aiming far peace or at least a mitigation ol of wars at evils have an almost ci cynical i joe in terest in the light of the great war the conference was in session for four months and three then days opening re on june 15 and ad adopting copti 9 a statement of principles on october IS till the arhe present it assemblage in paris Is 1 in surer effect a horne conference and a treaty making body rolled called lato into one twenty six cam countries atnes are formally tor mally rep P resented in the plenary gatherings gathering |
