Show J Civilian Uses for War Developed War Radar Promises To Develop Into Tremendous Industrial Factors Played Important Part PartIn In Winning the War for forUs Us May Us-May May Win the Peace By Winfield J. J Dryden Dr den Released Released by Western Newspaper Union Never uN ever before did so many few This owe so much to so I expression of Winston Churchill referred to a few airmen and small ground force forc on the Brit Brit- British BritIsh BritIsh ish isles The same may be said In regard to radar Submarines were detected In the night bombers in the clouds louds ships in the fog and troop and land movements in inthe inthe 1 the dark miles away Our paratroopers were landed by radar aid our ships safely escorted our bombers guided and our troops led by radar Without radar the war in Europe would still be raging authorities be be- lieve Radar making the accurate bombing of Germany possible as a I. I safety for the transportation s ta of troops actually made victory on both fronts a l real real- reality realIty realIty ity contributing a big share to the early peace It has cost the nations hundreds of millions of dollars to develop t N V cs S During the conference held at Mena lena house Cairo in November 1943 President Roosevelt Prime Minister l Churchill and Generalissimo mo Chiang Kai shek were guarded by radar The radar rad r post shown was built among the historic pyra pyra- I radar No peacetime industrial or or- organization organization organization had the money the fa- fa facilities fa fa- facilities facilities knowledge or desire to fully develop radar to bring it to its pres pres- present present present ent state of development It re re- required required required a nation at war led by far- far farseeing farseeing farseeing seeing individuals to accomplish the almost impossible with impossible with millions of dollars back of the development and skilled men with the determination to succeed Radar Peacetime Factor Radar has many known uses for peace Postwar travel will become bec me safer Thousands upon thousands of lives will be saved due to the em em- employment employment employment of radar in the air at sea sea and on land Radar sees all knows all ll and tells all It warns of pend pend- pending pendIng pending ing catastrophe and provides the eyes for men to see in order to pre pre- prevent prevent prevent vent accidents on land sea or air The discovery of radar may be classed as accidental Research workers engaged in wave short-wave ex ex- experimentations ex- ex ons nearly 20 years ago found that when waves were beamed on a city there were oscil oscil- oscillations oscillations oscillations lations on the dial when autos trucks and other factors interrupted the wave Soon afterwards it was found that planes in the air inter inter- interrupted interrupted interrupted the waves beamed It was the next step that measured distance in relation to time interval that th t brought about the birth of radar What Radar Is Radar Radar is an apparatus that sends out Dut wave short-wave impulses in a nar nar- narrow narrow narrow row concentrated beam impulses that are reflected from an object they hit and are returned on re- re rebound rebound Abound bound to the receiver It is based Zen on m a simple principle as simple as the occurrence of an echo Radar waves traveling with the speed of light miles a sec sec- second second second ond streaking across space and re re- rebounding re- re rebounding bounding from the target to return to their starting point At comparative long range it can pick up cities determine water bodies bod bod- bodIes ies pick up ships in the fog planes In the clouds submarines or ice ice- icebergs bergs oh on dark winter nights The distance of a target from the radar transmitter can be determined If thousandth one-thousandth of a second in in- intervenes intervenes between the outgoing and Incoming signal then the trip round-trip distance the radar traveled would be one thousandth one-thousandth of miles Radar equipment recently made this search of surrounding terrain Lettered on the photograph of the plan position indicator scope are designations of points picked up by the radar pulse a second or miles The range of the object would therefore be half of or 93 miles Radar has been perfected to see beyond the horizon but it will not see through water at present stage of development Physical Make The actual physical up make-up of radar sets varies Uses and manu- manu manufacturers manufacturers will develop different types as has been true with radios automobiles or planes In general however they are made up of the following parts 1 A radio-frequency radio oscillator or vacuum tube or group of tubes These oscillating at a desired fre fre- frequency frequency frequency quency send out into the air the waves 2 A modulator sends out the di direct di- di direct direct bursts of the waves short-waves which enables the receiver to han han- handle handle handle dle them when they return Each burst of energy is about one- one millionth of a second long the pause ause between the bursts being a afew afew few ew thousandths of a second in length 3 An antenna which directs the waves on their take-off take and beams them in particular direction and dis dis- tance It is the beaming on a fixed area The antenna is adjustable to cover any part of the entire horizon as it revolves in a circle il C 1 ft 1 This photo made during a dem dem- demonstration demonstration demonstration of a mobile trailer mount ed radar set shows the illuminated oscilloscope as the image of a bomber flying ing at low altitude came into the range of the radar beam During war the antiaircraft guns gun's crew would location of the bomber immediately 4 4 The receiver is the set which picks up the returning waves simi simi- similar similar similar lar to a radio receiving set 5 The indicator or the brains is the device which takes the information information information tion gathered by the radio waves and presents them in readable read ble form The waves are transformed into light patterns on a radar screen It may consist of one or more cathode- cathode ray tubes similar to the ones used for screen on a television set On this screen appears a visible elec elec- electronic electronic electronic beam Returning radar waves cause the beam to deflect and it is the pattern of deflection that tells the story to the operator Furnishes Weather Data Weather forecasting has been add add- added added added ed to the scores of uses for peace peace- peacetime peacetime peacetime time radio development Prompt and accurate weather information is already being furnished through radar installations at Wright field Ohio Oh When used by pilots of commer commer- commercial commercial commercial cial planes all aU that is necessary is for the pilot to push a switch marked weather and he gets a picture of advance cloud formations on a special screen Tracking clouds instead of a target the screen will indicate approaching storms at a distance of one to two hundred miles i ir r k V V This use of radar it is believed bel eved I will result in the saving of thou thou- thousands thousands thousands sands of lives annually in addition to property loss caused by planes crashing during storms The planes will be guided around storm area There is so much moisture in turbulent clouds that the signals are reflected from the drops of water back to the plane Thus even in darkness the pilot can detect such an area ahead and go around it Air travel will become safe when radar is in universal use Not only will pilots be able to avoid bad weather but they will be able to see mountains through clouds by day or or night and thus avoid crashes crash s It offers additional safeguards to air travel by doing away with col col- collisions collisions collisions in the air and provides a means of safe landing when the field would be otherwise invisible to the pilot Aids Ocean Travel On the seas the use of radar will win willbe willbe be just as effective as in the air It will aid the ship captains in avoid avoid- avoiding avoiding avoiding ing icebergs other ships wrecks and land obstructions that have caused the loss of thousands of lives in peace time Radar will continue to serve the navy in peace and its installation on ships will make surprise attack impossible During war radar has been an important factor in accurate accurate accurate rate aiming of ranged long-ranged naval na al guns Its uses on land have not been fully developed While radar will re re- report report re- re report port weather conditions direct land land- landing landing landing ing of planes there is still a variety of uses for which it will be adapted Among the recent advocated uses is the installation of radar on the front and rear of all trains This will aid materially in the prevention of railroad accidents which have mounted mou ted materially War officials are already busy in developing the radar so that it will become an effective weapon against the atomic bomb just as it was against the V 2 and other bombs launched by Germany A good part of the failure of Germany to wreck England was due to installations of radar The final value of radar in peace I I is not known It is believed that its usefulness use ss will l find no limits Ii its It is I r I vf i i t a r s o f h t J a W t k up Close-up of the antenna of the first complete radar installed topside a building at the Naval Research laboratory in the late It is a so-called so dirigible antenna meaning mean mean- meaning meaning ing it is so mounted that it can be turned to allow for the com pass search This older model has recently been improved known that radars radar's uses in peace will be even more beneficial than its use in war had been destructive destructive destructive tive and deadly The Civil Aeronautics administration tion is experimenting with appliances appliances appliances ances loaned by the army and navy Their hope is to develop instruments to enable tower controllers to see all aU aircraft within miles mUes and to in in- install install I stall warning collision-warning devices in-I in In the rapid growth of commer commer- commercial commercial commercial cial aviation which is certain to follow fonow immediately after the war I radar will bring new safety It is held by some authorities that radar I installments on planes will be as much a n part of the planes plane's equip equip- equipment equipment ment as brakes or lights are on a acar car ca I |