Show APPLE CROP DAMAGE cedar rust unusually DaS destructive in 1912 season leading fungous diseases of fruit in certain Sect sections lons nuts nuta arc very concentrated food potato an important food prepared by the united states department of agriculture th tho ce cedar dar rust or orange rust of the apple which has its alternate al generation on tho the red cedar was unusually destructive during tho season of 0 1912 especially in tho the appalachian fruit belt it and resulted in severo severe losses to amplo growers in tho autumn of that year the main facts about this disease have been worked out by investigators ti and known to science for several years the remark remarkable ablo In increase creaso of tho codar cedar rust apparently duo to its now new adjustment to the mork imperial and other commercial varieties varl etlea of cultivated apples which has taken place within the last eight to ton years has caused this to bo be the leading fungous disease of this fruit ault in ili certain apple growing sections lime sulphur solution the standard fungicide for spring treatment of the apple will kill the fungus but on account of weather conditions and repeated infection periods during the time of loaf leaf formation it Is difficult and usually impracticable to prevent tho the disease by spraying 0 for elveral F years the bureau of plant industry department ture has been recommending the de st ruction of cedars in the vicinity of large commercial orchards which they injure as a result of which considerable cedar destruction has been accomplished complis hed tho unusually severe outbreak of 1912 and the poor results of spraying in that season however emphasizes the necessity of cedar eradication more than ever before and the last year this was taken up more actively by the growers particularly in virginia and west virginia thedo the department part ment and tho the state experiment station pathologists their aid and advice to tho the movement tho the results of this work proved remarkably satisfactory during the spring infection period of 1913 in the valley of virginia where heavy losses were sustained the previous year orchard after orchard recovered completely in a single season after having the cedars cut down with d a radius of one or two miles in order to insure thorough infection and thud make tho the effect of eradication static sidrid out prominently cedars were in some som cases allowed to stand in the vicinity vi of certain orchards from the result obtained in the work during the past year it appears factory to cu cut t the cedars within a radius 0 of 12 miles oven though hillsides hill sides were covered with cedars beyond that distance nuts a as a a food the department of agriculture says that nuts are a very concentrated food even more so than cheese but when rationally used they are well assimilated and may form a part of a well balanced diet nuts are a very valuable source of protein and fat these two nutrients being the characteristic te constituents of the moro more common nuts nuta of which tho the walnut and co chanut may bo be taken as types in auts like the chestnut carbohydrates are a characteristic constituent for most families it Is undoubtedly wiser to use nuts as the regular diet than as a condiment or supplement to art an otherwise hearty meal vegetarians and others who use nuts in place of meat should not depend upon them as the main food supply but should supplement them with more bulky foods with a low content of protein and fat As a whole nuts may be classed among the sta staple t Is foods and not simply as food abc acc accessories ss ories at usual prices nuts are reasonable sources of protein and energy pea luts supply protein and energy very cheaply even compared with such staple foods as bread and beans there there are a number of nut foods on the market but irmay it may be stated that there Is little to be gained from the standpoint of food value or economy in their use in place of the ordinary nuts and homemade home made nut products especially ally by healthy persons who are willing to masticate their food thoroughly and to use nuts in reasonable combinations unless something has ham been een added the nutritive materials in tuch such special preparations can not be greater than the nuts from which they are made I 1 though in the mechanical condition or in some other way the foods may be better fitter tor for ready assimilation furthermore nut butters and similar foods give a pleasant variety to the diet and they are relished by many who would not care tor for the unprepared nuts though leas subject to contamination than ather foods nuts should be handled bandied and stored under good conditions and especially should be protected from dampness and insect enemies the role of potatoes Potato eli in the national dietary the potato stands next to the tha cereals as the most moat important food of northern nations according to the dopart department part ment of agriculture in germany this Is particularly true for the per capita Is 73 bushels while ours is ie estimated at 26 bushels an interesting study of behrend shows that the consumption io n of potatoes in germany stands in inverse ratio to the wealth and social status of tp th people the well to do people thero there use 36 bushels each per annum peasantry 88 bushels and the laborers in western germany bushels while in tho the eastern provinces tho the per capita ot of tho the poorer laborers to Is 17 each per year potato starch A certain quantity of potato starch la is used in this country tor for sizing in cotton inilla for which purpose it Is preferred to corn starch says bays the dopart department part ment of 0 thoro there haa boa beon been in tho the country produced an average ot of pounds of potato starch annually and largo annual importations from germany have been made in addition in 1910 there them ware imported pounds of starch and pounds of potato dextrin tho the manufacture of starch from potatoes in the ur ted states is at present confined to tho the utilization of culls and of potatoes potato ea unlit for storage i or shipment because of partial infection with tuber rot the margin of profit Is not largo in spite of a protective tariff of one cent per pound the factories aro are ablo able to run only six weeks in the year and tho the Int interest orest and other overhead charges aro are therefore high it seems possible to make some economic improvements in this system by introducing now new factory methods and the tha quantity of potatoes potato ea used could bo be increased especially in districts remote from tho the markets choro a moro more rigid sorting bo be practiced before shipment and all inferior potatoes kept at homo home this would not only tend to reduce freight charges but would civo the con consumer in a distant market a grade of potatoes which would much loss less in preparation for the table and tor for which a relatively higher price prica could be paid than for tho unsorted od shipments there Is a possibility also that a method may be worked out for drying culled and surplus potatoes on the farm and tho dried product later used for starch malting making tho the total quantity required would nevertheless of e 1515 not make a large impression on a surplus potato crop |